A Tale of Two Cities — Page 6

Vocabulary

และ

lae — Conjunction meaning 'and', connecting words or clauses.

ประธาน

pra-thaan — President, chairperson, or head of an organization.

ได้

dai — Can, able to; or past tense marker in Thai.

กด

kot — To press, push, or click something.

กริ่ง

kring — A bell or buzzer that rings as a signal.

เพื่อ

phuea — In order to; for the purpose of doing something.

ทำให้

tham hai — To cause, make, or cause something to happen.

พวกเขา

phuak khao — They or them; third-person plural pronoun.

สงบ

sa-ngop — Calm, peaceful, quiet, or tranquil.

ลง

long — To go down, descend, or decrease in level.

แต่

tae — But; conjunction showing contrast between two ideas.

ก็

ko — Also, too, or a filler particle in sentences.

ไม่

mai — No, not; negation particle used before verbs.

เป็น

pen — To be; linking verb indicating state or identity.

ผล

phon — Result, outcome, or fruit of an action.

เพราะ

phro — Because; conjunction indicating reason or cause.

ยัง

yang — Still, yet; indicating continuation of a state.

คง

khong — Probably, likely; indicating assumption or persistence.

ร้อง

rong — To cry out, sing, or shout loudly.

ตะโกน

ta-gon — To shout or yell loudly at someone.

ว่า

wa — That; used to introduce quoted or reported speech.

จน

jon — Until; up to the point when something occurs.

กระทั่ง

kra-thang — Until, even; indicating continuation up to a point.

หยุด

yut — To stop, halt, or cease an action.

เอง

eng — Oneself; reflexive or emphatic pronoun suffix.

ตาม

taam — To follow; according to, in accordance with.

ใจ

jai — Heart, mind; center of emotions and feelings.

สมัคร

sa-mak — To apply, volunteer, or register for something.

ต้องการ

tong-gaan — To want, need, or desire something specific.

ทราบ

saap — To know or be aware of information (formal).

ชื่อ

chue — Name; the word used to identify a person.

ของ

khong — Of, belonging to; possessive particle in Thai.

พลเมือง

phon-la-mueang — Citizen; a member of a nation or state.

ผู้นั้น

phu-nan — That person; referring to a specific individual.

ผู้ถูกกล่าวหา

phu-thuuk-glao-haa — The accused; person charged with a crime.

อธิบาย

a-thi-baai — To explain or describe something in detail.

คือ

khue — Is, means; used to define or identify something.

พยาน

pha-yaan — Witness; person who testifies in a legal proceeding.

คน

khon — Person, people; classifier for human beings.

แรก

raek — First; indicating the beginning or earliest in order.

เขา

khao — He, she, him, her; third-person singular pronoun.

อ้าง

aang — To claim, cite, or refer to as evidence.

ถึง

thueng — To reach, arrive at; until; about something.

จดหมาย

jot-maai — Letter; written correspondence sent to someone.

ด้วย

duai — Also, with, by means of; additional particle.

ความ

khwaam — Nominalization prefix creating abstract nouns from adjectives.

มั่นใจ

man-jai — Confident, certain, sure about something.

ซึ่ง

sueng — Which, that; relative pronoun connecting clauses.

นั้น

nan — That; demonstrative pronoun referring to something distant.

ถูก

thuuk — To be correct; passive voice marker in Thai.

นำ

nam — To lead, bring, or carry something somewhere.

ไป

pai — To go; directional particle indicating away movement.

จาก

jaak — From; indicating origin or starting point.

ที่

thi — At, place; relative pronoun or location marker.

ด่าน

daan — Checkpoint, barrier, or border crossing station.

กั้น

gan — To block, partition, or separate with a barrier.

สงสัย

song-sai — To suspect or be doubtful about something.

เลย

loei — At all, then; emphatic particle or directional word.

จะ

ja — Will, going to; future tense marker in Thai.

พบ

phop — To meet, find, or encounter someone or something.

อยู่

yuu — To be located; continuative aspect marker in Thai.

ใน

nai — In, inside, within a place or context.

บรรดา

ban-daa — Among, all of; referring to a group collectively.

เอกสาร

ek-ka-saan — Document, official paper, or written record.

ต่อหน้า

to-naa — In front of, before, in someone's presence.

ขณะ

kha-na — While, during, at the moment of something.

หมอ

mo — Doctor, physician; informal term for medical professional.

ดูแล

duu-lae — To take care of, look after, or supervise.

ให้

hai — To give; causative marker meaning 'to let or make'.

แน่ใจ

nae-jai — To be sure, certain, or confident about something.

นั่น

nan — That; emphatic demonstrative pronoun for specific reference.

รับรอง

rap-rong — To guarantee, certify, or vouch for something officially.

กับ

gap — With; together with; connecting two items or people.

ขั้นตอน

khan-ton — Step, procedure, or stage in a process.

การ

gaan — Nominalization prefix indicating an action or process.

พิจารณา

phi-jaa-ra-naa — To consider, deliberate, or examine carefully.

คดี

kha-di — Case, legal case, or lawsuit in court.

นี้

ni — This; demonstrative pronoun for nearby reference.

ออก

ok — To exit, go out, or come out from somewhere.

มา

maa — To come; directional particle indicating toward speaker.

อ่าน

aan — To read text or written material aloud or silently.

ขึ้น

khuen — To go up, rise; upward directional particle.

กา

gaa — To mark with an X; a crow (bird).

เรียก

riak — To call, summon, or name something or someone.

ตัว

tua — Body, self; classifier for animals and some objects.

ยืนยัน

yuen-yan — To confirm, affirm, or verify information as true.

พูด

phut — To speak, talk, or say something to someone.

นัย

nai — Implication, hint, or underlying meaning of speech.

ละเอียด

la-iat — Detailed, thorough, fine-grained, or meticulous.

อ่อน

on — Soft, tender, gentle, or weak in nature.

สุภาพ

su-phaap — Polite, courteous, refined, or well-mannered.

อย่าง

yaang — In the manner of; like; a way or kind.

ยิ่ง

ying — Even more, increasingly, exceedingly; intensifier adverb.

ท่ามกลาง

thaam-glaang — Amid, in the middle of, surrounded by something.

ภาระ

phaa-ra — Burden, responsibility, or heavy load to carry.

งาน

ngaan — Work, job, task, or event or function.

โถม

thom — To pour down heavily; to overwhelm or flood.

ต่อ

to — Against, toward, per; continuing or connecting preposition.

ศาล

saan — Court of law; judicial institution or court building.

อัน

an — Classifier for small objects; one (informal numeral).

เนื่อง

nueang — Due to, owing to, because of a cause.

ศัตรู

sat-tru — Enemy, foe, or adversary in conflict.

สาธารณรัฐ

saa-thaa-ra-na-rat — Republic; a form of democratic government.

จำนวน

jam-nuan — Number, quantity, or amount of something.

มาก

maak — Much, many, a lot; indicating large quantity.

ต้อง

tong — Must, have to; indicating necessity or obligation.

จัดการ

jat-gaan — To manage, handle, or deal with a situation.

มองข้าม

mong-khaam — To overlook, ignore, or disregard something important.

เล็กน้อย

lek-noi — A little, slightly, a small amount of something.

เรือนจำ

ruean-jam — Prison, jail; place where inmates are confined.

อับ

ap — Stuffy, confined; feeling of shame or embarrassment.

กล่าว

glaao — To say, state, or declare formally or officially.

หลุด

lut — To slip free, escape, or come loose accidentally.

พ้น

phon — To be free from, past, or beyond something.

ทรงจำ

song-jam — Memory; the ability to retain and recall information.

รัก

rak — To love; deep affection for someone or something.

ชาติ

chaat — Nation, country, or ethnic nationality.

เสีย

sia — To lose, break down; wasted or gone bad.

ค่อนข้าง

khon-khaang — Rather, fairly, quite; moderately to a degree.

นาน

naan — Long time; for a lengthy duration of time.

สาม

saam — Three; the number 3 in Thai.

วัน

wan — Day; a 24-hour period of time.

ก่อน

gon — Before, prior to, or first in sequence.

เมื่อ

mueua — When, at the time that something happened.

ปรากฏ

pra-got — To appear, emerge, or become visible or evident.

รับ

rap — To receive, accept, or take something offered.

ปล่อย

ploi — To release, let go, or set something free.

อิสระ

it-sa-ra — Freedom, independence, liberty from control or restriction.

คณะ

kha-na — Group, committee, faculty, or panel of people.

ลูกขุน

luuk-khun — Jury; group of citizens deciding a court verdict.

ประกาศ

pra-gaat — To announce, declare, or proclaim publicly officially.

พอใจ

pho-jai — Satisfied, content, pleased with a result.

แล้ว

laeo — Already, then; completion marker for past actions.

ข้อ

kho — Item, point, clause, or article in a document.

กล่าวหา

glaao-haa — To accuse or charge someone with wrongdoing.

ตอบสนอง

top-sa-nong — To respond, react, or answer to something.

ส่วน

suan — Part, portion, section, or share of something.

โดย

doi — By, by means of; indicating agent or method.

ยอม

yom — To yield, accept, agree, or give in to.

มอบ

mop — To hand over, give, or present something formally.

ผู้

phu — Person who; prefix indicating a person performing action.

กัน

gan — Each other, together; mutual or reciprocal action.

สอบสวน

sop-suan — To investigate, interrogate, or conduct an inquiry.