A Tale of Two Cities — Page 2

Vocabulary

การ

gaan — Nominalizing prefix indicating an action or process

ดูแล

duu lae — To take care of, look after someone or something

บ้านเรือน

baan ruean — Houses and homes, residential dwellings collectively

ของ

khong — Of, belonging to; possessive particle

พวกเขา

phuak khao — They, them; third-person plural pronoun

เป็น

pen — To be; linking verb indicating identity or state

แบบ

baep — Style, pattern, type, or manner of something

ประหยัด

pra yat — Frugal, thrifty, economical in spending or use

อย่าง

yaang — In a manner of; type or kind of something

ยิ่ง

ying — Even more, increasingly, to a greater degree

ไม่

mai — Not; negation particle used before verbs

เพียง

phiang — Only, merely, just; limiting to a small amount

เพราะ

phro — Because, since; causal conjunction linking clauses

นั่น

nan — That; demonstrative pronoun referring to something distant

วิถี

wi thee — Way, path, manner of living or doing things

ชีวิต

chii wit — Life; one's existence and daily living experience

ที่

thee — At, which; place marker or relative clause particle

ปลอดภัย

plot phai — Safe, free from danger or harm

ที่สุด

thee sut — Most, superlative marker placed after adjectives

ซึ่ง

sueng — Which, that; relative pronoun connecting clauses

ก่อ

go — To cause, create, or give rise to something

ให้

hai — To give; causative particle meaning 'to make someone do'

เกิด

gert — To occur, happen, be born, arise

ความ

khwaam — Nominalizing prefix turning adjectives into abstract nouns

ขุ่นเคือง

khun khueng — To feel annoyed, irritated, or resentful toward someone

ต่อ

to — Toward, against, per; preposition indicating direction or rate

ผู้คน

phuu khon — People, persons, the general public collectively

น้อย

noi — Few, little, small in quantity or amount

เท่านั้น

thao nan — Only that, nothing more; strong limiting expression

แต่

tae — But, however; conjunction showing contrast

ยัง

yang — Still, yet, also; continuative or additive particle

ได้

dai — Can, able to; past tense or ability marker

ร่ำรวย

ram ruay — Wealthy, rich, very prosperous financially

และ

lae — And; conjunction joining words or phrases together

ตลอด

ta lot — Throughout, all along, the entire duration of

ช่วง

chuang — Period, interval, span of time or space

ถูก

thuuk — Passive marker; also means correct or inexpensive

จำคุก

jam khuk — To imprison, put in jail, incarcerate someone

นั้น

nan — That; demonstrative adjective modifying a nearby noun

ต้อง

tong — Must, have to; expressing obligation or necessity

จ่าย

jai — To pay money for goods or services

เงิน

ngern — Money; also means silver as a material

หนัก

nak — Heavy, hard, severe; describing weight or difficulty

สำหรับ

sam rap — For, intended for a specific person or purpose

อาหาร

aa haan — Food, meal, nourishment consumed for sustenance

แย่

yae — Bad, terrible, poor quality or condition

เขา

khao — He, she, him, her; third-person singular pronoun

ผู้คุม

phuu khum — Guard, warden, one who oversees prisoners

เพื่อ

phuea — In order to, for the purpose of doing something

ดำรงชีพ

dam rong cheep — To sustain one's livelihood, maintain one's living

นักโทษ

nak thoht — Prisoner, inmate, person serving a jail sentence

ยากจน

yaak jon — Poor, impoverished, lacking financial resources

กว่า

gwaa — More than, comparative particle for comparisons

ส่วนหนึ่ง

suan nueng — A part of, a portion of something larger

ด้วย

duay — Also, too, with; additive or instrumental particle

เหตุนี้

het nee — For this reason, therefore, because of this

หลีกเลี่ยง

leek liang — To avoid, evade, or stay away from something

สายลับ

sai lap — Spy, secret agent, undercover intelligence operative

ใน

nai — In, inside, within a place or time period

บ้าน

baan — House, home, one's place of residence

จึง

jueng — So, therefore, consequently; result conjunction

เลี้ยง

liang — To keep, raise, support, or feed someone

คนรับใช้

khon rap chai — Servant, domestic helper working in a household

ชาย

chaai — Male, man; referring to masculine gender

หญิง

ying — Female, woman; referring to feminine gender

ชาวเมือง

chaao mueang — Townspeople, city dwellers, urban residents

ทำ

tham — To do, make, perform an action or task

หน้าที่

naa thee — Duty, responsibility, assigned role or function

พนักงาน

pha nak ngaan — Employee, staff member, worker in an organization

เฝ้า

fao — To guard, watch over, keep vigil at a place

ประตู

pra tuu — Door, gate, entrance to a building or area

ลานบ้าน

laan baan — Courtyard, yard area surrounding a house

บริการ

bo ri gaan — Service, assistance provided to others professionally

แก่

gae — To, for; preposition indicating recipient of action

ครั้งคราว

khrang khrao — Occasionally, from time to time, now and then

โอน

ohn — To transfer, move, or shift something to another

มา

maa — To come; directional particle toward the speaker

เกือบ

guap — Almost, nearly, not quite reaching a point

ทั้งหมด

thang mot — All, entirely, the whole of something

โดย

doi — By, via, by means of; indicating agent or method

กลาย

glaai — To become, turn into, transform into something else

ประจำ

pra jam — Regular, permanent, routine, assigned on a fixed basis

นอน

non — To sleep, lie down, rest in a reclined position

ที่นั่น

thee nan — There, at that place, in that location

ทุก

thuk — Every, each, all; referring to each individual item

คืน

khueen — Night; also means to return something to someone

หนึ่งเดียว

nueng diao — One and only, singular, unique and indivisible

แบ่งแยก

baeng yaek — To divide, separate, segregate into distinct parts

มิได้

mi dai — Cannot, did not; formal negation of ability or action

แห่ง

haeng — Of, at; classifier for places and institutions

เสรีภาพ

se ree phaap — Freedom, liberty, right to act without restriction

ความเสมอภาค

khwaam sa moe phaak — Equality, the state of being equal among people

หรือ

rue — Or; conjunction presenting alternative choices

ความตาย

khwaam taai — Death, the state of no longer being alive

บัญญัติ

ban yat — To decree, enact, stipulate a law or rule

ว่า

waa — That; quotative particle introducing reported speech

บน

bon — On, on top of, above a surface or object

จะ

ja — Will, going to; future tense marker in Thai

จารึก

jaa ruek — To inscribe, engrave text onto a surface permanently

ชื่อ

chue — Name; the word used to identify a person or thing

ผู้อยู่อาศัย

phuu yuu aa sai — Resident, inhabitant, person living in a place

คน

khon — Person, human being; classifier for people

อ่าน

aan — To read text or written material

ออก

ok — Out, outward; directional particle away from center

ชัดเจน

chat jen — Clear, distinct, obvious, easy to understand

ตัวอักษร

tua ak son — Letter, character, written symbol of an alphabet

ขนาด

kha nat — Size, dimension, measurement of an object

หนึ่ง

nueng — One; the number 1 or an indefinite article

ความสูง

khwaam suung — Height, the measurement of how tall something is

ระดับ

ra dap — Level, grade, degree of something measured

จาก

jaak — From, away from a starting point or origin

พื้นดิน

phuen din — Ground, earth, the surface of the land

เหมาะสม

mo som — Appropriate, suitable, fitting for a situation

ประดับ

pra dap — To decorate, adorn, embellish with ornamental elements

อยู่

yuu — To be located, to stay, to live somewhere

ด้านล่าง

dan laang — Below, underneath, the lower part of something

ถูกต้อง

thuuk tong — Correct, accurate, proper, in accordance with rules

ตาม

taam — According to, following, in accordance with something

ระเบียบ

ra biap — Rule, regulation, orderly system or procedure

ขณะ

kha na — While, at the moment, during a specific time

เงา

ngao — Shadow, shade, silhouette cast by blocking light

ยามบ่าย

yaam baai — Afternoon time, the period after midday

ทอดยาว

thot yaao — To stretch out, extend lengthwise across a surface

ลึก

luek — Deep, profound, extending far inward or downward

ขึ้น

khueen — Up, upward; directional particle or rising movement

เจ้าของ

jao khong — Owner, proprietor, person who possesses something

ก็

go — Also, then, well; connective or softening particle

ปรากฏ

pra got — To appear, become visible, emerge into view

ตัว

tua — Body, self; classifier for animals and clothing

ตนเอง

ton eng — Oneself, by oneself, one's own self reflexively

คอย

khoi — To wait, await, be on the lookout for something

ช่างเขียน

chaang khian — Scribe, writer, person skilled in writing documents

หมอ

mo — Doctor, physician, medical practitioner

ว่าจ้าง

waa jaang — To hire, employ someone for a specific task

เพิ่ม

phoem — To add, increase, augment in quantity or degree

เรียก

riak — To call, summon, refer to by a name

กัน

gan — Together, each other; reciprocal or collective particle

ลง

long — Down, downward; directional particle or to descend

รายการ

raai gaan — List, item, program, or catalogue of things

ท่ามกลาง

thaam glaang — Amid, in the middle of, surrounded by something

ความหวาดกลัว

khwaam waat glaao — Fear, terror, a feeling of intense dread

ไม่ไว้วางใจ

mai wai waang jai — Distrust, not to trust or rely on someone

อัน

an — Which, that; general classifier for various objects

แผ่ซ่าน

phae saan — To spread, permeate, pervade throughout an area

ทำให้

tham hai — To cause, make something happen, result in something

ยุคสมัย

yuk sa mai — Era, age, epoch, a particular period in history

มืดหม่น

muet mon — Gloomy, dark and dreary, bleak and dismal

วิถีชีวิต

wi thee chii wit — Way of life, lifestyle, manner of daily living

ปกติ

pa ga ti — Normal, ordinary, usual, regular everyday condition

อันตราย

an ta raai — Danger, hazard, risk of harm or injury

ทั้งหลาย

thang laai — All, every single one, all of those mentioned

ล้วน

luan — All, entirely, wholly without exception

เปลี่ยนแปลง

plian plaeng — To change, transform, alter from an original state

ไป

pai — To go; directional particle moving away from speaker