A Tale of Two Cities — Page 15

Vocabulary

เรา

rao — We, us, or I (first person pronoun)

คือ

khue — Is, are, means; used to define or equate

การ

kaan — Act, action, or process; nominalizing prefix

คืนชีพ

khuen chiip — Resurrection; returning to life after death

และ

lae — And; conjunction connecting words or clauses

ชีวิต

chiiwit — Life; one's existence or living being

พระเจ้า

phra jao — God; the divine supreme being

ตรัส

trat — To speak; royal or divine speech

ว่า

waa — That; introduces quoted speech or clauses

ผู้

phuu — Person who; nominalizing prefix for people

ที่

thii — That, which, at; relative pronoun or place marker

เชื่อ

chuea — To believe, trust, or have faith in

ใน

nai — In, within, inside; preposition of location

แม้

mae — Even though, although; concessive conjunction

เขา

khao — He, she, they; third person pronoun

จะ

ja — Will, shall; future tense or intention marker

ตาย

taai — To die; to cease living

แล้ว

laeo — Already, then; completion or sequence marker

ก็

ko — Also, then, still; connective or emphasis particle

มี

mii — To have, there is/are; existence verb

อีก

iik — Again, more, another; indicates continuation or addition

ใด

dai — Any, which; interrogative or indefinite pronoun

อยู่

yuu — To be, to stay, to live; existence or location verb

ไม่

mai — Not; primary negation particle in Thai

วัน

wan — Day; a unit of time

เลย

loei — At all, ever; intensifying negation or emphasis particle

บัดนี้

bat nii — Now, at this moment; formal present time expression

ถนนหนทาง

thanon honthaang — Roads and paths; ways of travel generally

เงียบสงัด

ngiap sa-ngat — Quiet and deserted; deeply silent and still

ราตรี

raatrii — Night; formal or poetic word for nighttime

ล่วงเลย

luang loei — To pass by, elapse; time or opportunity slipping away

ไป

pai — To go; directional particle indicating away movement

ถ้อยคำ

thoi kham — Words, speech; spoken or written expressions

เหล่านั้น

lao nan — Those; plural demonstrative pronoun referring to distant things

ดัง

dang — Loud, resounding; also used as 'like' in comparisons

ก้อง

kong — To resound, echo; loud reverberating sound

เสียง

siang — Sound, voice, noise; auditory sensation

ฝีเท้า

fii thao — Footsteps; sound or pace of walking feet

ของ

khong — Of, belonging to; possessive particle

ลอย

loi — To float, drift; moving lightly through air or water

อากาศ

aakaat — Air, atmosphere; the sky or weather

ด้วย

duai — With, also, by means of; accompaniment or addition

จิตใจ

jit jai — Mind, heart, spirit; one's inner emotional state

สงบนิ่ง

sa-ngop ning — Calm and still; peaceful without movement or disturbance

มั่นคง

man khong — Stable, firm, secure; steady and unwavering

อย่าง

yaang — In a manner of; adverbial marker of degree or way

สมบูรณ์

somboon — Complete, perfect, full; lacking nothing

บางครั้ง

baang khrang — Sometimes, occasionally; not always happening

ท่อง

thong — To recite, memorize, wander; repeat words aloud

ใจ

jai — Heart, mind; seat of emotions and intention

ขณะ

kha-na — Moment, while; a point or period in time

เดิน

doen — To walk; moving on foot

แต่

tae — But, however, only; contrast or restriction conjunction

ได้ยิน

dai yin — To hear; perceiving sound with the ears

มัน

man — It; third person pronoun for things or animals

ตลอดเวลา

ta-lot wee-laa — All the time, constantly; without stopping

สิ้นสุด

sin sut — To end, conclude, terminate; reaching the final point

ลง

long — Down, to descend; directional particle downward

ยืน

yuen — To stand; being upright on one's feet

บน

bon — On, upon, above; preposition of upper position

สะพาน

sa-phaan — Bridge; structure spanning water or gap

ฟัง

fang — To listen; paying attention to sounds or speech

น้ำ

naam — Water; liquid essential for life

ซัด

sat — To splash, hurl, dash; water striking something forcefully

กำแพง

kampaeng — Wall; a solid vertical barrier or enclosure

ริม

rim — Edge, bank, beside; along the side of something

แม่น้ำ

mae naam — River; a large natural flowing body of water

เกาะ

ko — Island; land surrounded by water; also to cling

ซึ่ง

sueng — Which, that; relative pronoun linking clauses

ความงาม

khwaam ngaam — Beauty; the quality of being beautiful

อลังการ

a-lang-kaan — Magnificent, splendid, grand; overwhelmingly beautiful spectacle

บ้านเรือน

baan ruean — Houses and buildings; residential structures generally

มหาวิหาร

mahaa wihaan — Cathedral, great temple; large magnificent religious building

ส่อง

song — To shine, illuminate, reflect; light casting its rays

แสง

saeng — Light, ray, beam; luminous energy visible to eyes

ระยิบระยับ

ra-yip ra-yap — Sparkling, glittering, shimmering; light twinkling brilliantly

แสงจันทร์

saeng jan — Moonlight; light emitted or reflected by the moon

นั้น

nan — That, those; demonstrative pronoun for distant reference

รุ่งสาง

rung saang — Dawn, daybreak; the first light of morning

มา

maa — To come; directional particle toward the speaker

ถึง

thueng — To reach, arrive at, until; achieving a destination

เย็นชา

yen chaa — Cold and numb; chilly and emotionally distant or indifferent

ดุจดัง

dut dang — Just like, as if; formal comparative conjunction

ใบหน้า

bai naa — Face; the front of the human head

คน

khon — Person, people; human being or individual

โผล่

phlo — To emerge, appear, pop out; coming into view suddenly

ออก

ok — Out, to exit; directional particle moving outward

จาก

jaak — From, away from; preposition of origin or separation

ท้องฟ้า

thong faa — Sky; the expanse of space above the earth

พร้อม

phrom — Ready, together with; prepared or accompanied by

ทั้ง

thang — Both, all, entire; inclusive of everything mentioned

ดวงจันทร์

duang jan — The moon; the natural satellite orbiting Earth

ดวงดาว

duang daao — Stars; luminous celestial bodies seen in the night sky

ซีดเซียว

siit siao — Pale, pallid, wan; lacking color or vibrancy

ดับสูญ

dap suun — To vanish, extinguish, perish; utterly ceasing to exist

ชั่ว

chua — Evil, wicked; also a moment or duration of time

หนึ่ง

nueng — One; the number one or a single unit

ราวกับ

raao kap — As if, as though; used for comparison or simile

สรรพสิ่ง

san pha sing — All things, everything; the totality of existing things

โลก

look — World, earth; the planet or realm of existence

ถูก

thuuk — To be subjected to; passive marker or correct/cheap

มอบ

maap — To give, hand over, entrust; delivering something to someone

ไว้

wai — To keep, place, store; holding something in reserve

อาณัติ

aanat — Command, mandate, authority; an order from higher power

ความตาย

khwaam taai — Death; the state or condition of dying

ดวงอาทิตย์

duang aathit — The sun; the star at the center of our solar system

อัน

an — Which, that; classifier or relative pronoun particle

รุ่งโรจน์

rung root — Glorious, brilliant, radiant; shining with splendor

กำลัง

kamlang — Strength, power; progressive aspect marker (currently doing)

ขึ้น

khuen — Up, to rise; directional particle moving upward

สู่

suu — Toward, to; preposition indicating direction or destination

ขอบฟ้า

khop faa — Horizon; the line where earth and sky meet

ดู

duu — To look, watch, appear; observing visually

เหมือน

muean — Like, similar to, same as; expressing resemblance

ส่ง

song — To send, deliver, emit; dispatching something to somewhere

ภาระ

phaaraa — Burden, load, responsibility; a weight one must carry

แห่ง

haeng — Of, from; formal possessive or locative particle

ตรง

trong — Straight, direct, right at; honest or exactly toward

อบอุ่น

op un — Warm, cozy; comfortably heated or emotionally warm

ยัง

yang — Still, yet, also; indicating continuation or addition

หัวใจ

hua jai — Heart; the organ or center of emotion and feeling

ยาว

yaao — Long; extended in length or duration

สาด

saat — To splash, spray, cast; throwing liquid outward forcefully

เมื่อ

muea — When, at the time that; temporal conjunction

มอง

mong — To look at, gaze; directing eyes toward something

ตาม

taam — To follow, according to, along; in accordance with

ดวงตา

duang taa — Eyes; the organs of sight

เคารพ

khao-rop — To respect, revere; showing honor toward someone

นอบน้อม

nop nom — Humble, respectful, deferential; submissive and courteous manner

แสงสว่าง

saeng sa-waang — Light, brightness, illumination; radiant visible energy

ทอด

thot — To extend, cast, lay across; stretching something out

ข้าม

khaam — To cross, pass over; going across a barrier or span

ระหว่าง

ra-waang — Between, among, during; in the space separating two things

กับ

kap — With, and, to; connecting people, things, or actions

เบื้องล่าง

bueang laang — Below, underneath; the area or position further down

กระแสน้ำ

kra-sae naam — Water current, stream; the flowing movement of water

เชี่ยวกราก

chiao kraak — Turbulent, rushing, swift; water flowing with great force

รวดเร็ว

ruat reo — Fast, rapid, swift; moving or happening with speed

ลึกล้ำ

luek lam — Deep, profound; having great depth physically or mentally

แน่วแน่

naeo nae — Resolute, unwavering, determined; firm and focused in purpose

มิตรสหาย

mit sa-haai — Friends and companions; close trusted associates

ถูกใจ

thuuk jai — To please, be to one's liking; satisfying one's heart

ความสงบ

khwaam sa-ngop — Peace, calm, tranquility; a state of quiet stillness

ยาม

yaam — Time period, watch, guard; a division of time or duty

เช้า

chao — Morning; the early part of the day