A Tale of Two Cities — Page 24

Vocabulary

และ

lae — Conjunction meaning 'and', connecting words or clauses

พวกเขา

phuak khao — Third person plural pronoun meaning 'they' or 'them'

ลูกหลาน

luk lan — Descendants, offspring, or future generations of a family

ของ

khong — Preposition indicating possession or belonging to someone

จน

jon — Until, up to a point; also means 'poor' in other contexts

ถึง

thueng — Preposition or verb meaning 'to reach' or 'until'

คน

khon — Person, people; classifier for human beings

สุดท้าย

sut thai — Last, final, at the very end of a sequence

แห่ง

haeng — Classifier or preposition for places and locations

เผ่าพันธุ์

phao phan — Race, lineage, or ethnic group of people

ข้าพเจ้า

kha phra jao — Formal first-person pronoun meaning 'I', used respectfully

นักโทษ

nak thot — Prisoner, convict, or someone serving a sentence

ผู้

phu — Prefix meaning 'person who' or 'one who does something'

ทุกข์ระทม

thuk ra-thom — To suffer deeply, be in great distress or anguish

ขอ

kho — To request, ask for, or beg something from someone

กล่าวโทษ

klao thot — To accuse, blame, or charge someone formally

ใน

nai — Preposition meaning 'in', 'inside', or 'within'

คืน

khueen — Night; also means 'to return' something to someone

ปี

pii — Year; unit of time equal to twelve months

ค.ศ.

kho so — Abbreviation for the Common Era (AD) calendar system

นี้

nii — Demonstrative pronoun or adjective meaning 'this'

ท่ามกลาง

tham klang — In the middle of, amidst, or surrounded by something

ความ

khwam — Nominalizing prefix creating abstract nouns from adjectives

ทรมาน

tho-ra-man — To torment, torture, or cause great suffering to someone

อัน

an — General classifier for things; also a relative pronoun

แสนสาหัส

saen sa-hat — Extremely severe, intense, or overwhelmingly difficult suffering

ต่อ

to — Toward, against, or per; a versatile Thai preposition

กาลเวลา

kan we-la — Time, the passage of time, or the flow of ages

ที่

thii — At, which, that; relative pronoun and location marker

สิ่ง

sing — Thing, object, or matter in general usage

เหล่านี้

lao nii — These (plural), referring to multiple previously mentioned items

ทั้งหมด

thang mot — All, everything, the entirety of a group or amount

จะ

ja — Future tense marker indicating something will happen

ต้อง

tong — Must, have to, be required to do something

ได้รับ

dai rap — To receive, obtain, or be given something

การ

kan — Nominalizing prefix for verbs, creating action nouns

ตอบสนอง

top sa-nong — To respond to, answer, or fulfill a need or request

สวรรค์

sa-wan — Heaven, paradise, or the divine celestial realm

แผ่นดิน

phaen din — Land, earth, ground, or the realm of a kingdom

เสียง

siang — Sound, voice, or noise produced by something

น่า

na — Prefix meaning 'worthy of' or 'causing a feeling'

สะพรึงกลัว

sa-phrueng klua — Terrifying, horrifying, causing great fear and dread

ดัง

dang — Loud, resounding; also means 'as' or 'like'

ขึ้น

khuen — To rise up, increase, or go upward in direction

เมื่อ

muea — When, at the time that, upon a certain occasion

อ่าน

an — To read text, words, or written material aloud or silently

เอกสาร

ek-ka-san — Document, official paper, or written record

ฉบับ

cha-bap — Classifier for documents, letters, newspapers, or editions

สิ้นสุด

sin sut — To end, conclude, terminate, or come to a finish

ลง

long — Down, downward; directional complement indicating decrease

โหยหา

hoi ha — To long for, yearn deeply, or crave something absent

กระหาย

kra-hai — To thirst for, crave intensely, or hunger after something

ไม่มี

mai mii — There is none, lacking, or without something entirely

สิ่งใด

sing dai — Anything, whatever thing, or any object whatsoever

ชัดแจ้ง

chat jaeng — Clear, obvious, evident, or unmistakably apparent

อยู่

yuu — To be, exist, stay, or remain somewhere or in a state

นั้น

nan — That, those; demonstrative referring to something previously mentioned

นอกจาก

nok jak — Except for, apart from, or other than something

เลือด

lueat — Blood; the fluid circulating in the body of living beings

เรื่องเล่า

rueang lao — Story, narrative, tale, or account of events

ได้

dai — Can, able to; also marks past tense or achievement

ปลุกเร้า

pluk rao — To stir up, arouse, or incite strong emotion in someone

ความรู้สึก

khwam ru suek — Feeling, emotion, or emotional sensation experienced internally

แค้นเคือง

khaen khueang — Feeling resentment, indignation, or bitter anger toward someone

อย่าง

yang — In a manner of, kind of, or in a certain way

รุนแรง

run raeng — Violent, severe, intense, or extremely forceful

ที่สุด

thii sut — The most, superlative marker indicating the highest degree

ยุคสมัย

yuk sa-mai — Era, age, epoch, or period of historical time

หัว

hua — Head; also used in compound words meaning chief or top

ใด

dai — Which, any, whichever; interrogative or indefinite pronoun

ประเทศ

pra-thet — Country, nation, or sovereign state

ไม่

mai — Negation marker meaning 'not' or 'no' in Thai

ก้ม

kom — To bow down, bend the head, or lower one's head

ต่อหน้า

to na — In front of, before, or in the presence of someone

มัน

man — It, third person pronoun for non-human subjects

จำเป็น

jam pen — Necessary, essential, or required for a particular purpose

อธิบาย

a-thi-bai — To explain, describe, or clarify something to someone

ใดๆ

dai dai — Any whatsoever, whichever, emphasizing indefinite reference

ศาล

san — Court of law, tribunal, or judicial institution

ผู้ฟัง

phu fang — Listener, audience, or those who are hearing something

เหตุ

het — Reason, cause, or grounds for something happening

ตระกูล

tra-kun — Family, clan, lineage, or ancestral family name

เปิดเผย

poet phoei — To reveal, disclose, expose, or make something publicly known

สาธารณะ

sa-tha-ra-na — Public, open to all, or belonging to the general community

พร้อมกับ

phrom kap — Together with, along with, or accompanied by something

อนุสรณ์

a-nu-son — Memorial, commemoration, or a remembrance of someone or event

ถูก

thuk — Passive voice marker; also means 'correct' or 'cheap'

ยึด

yuet — To seize, capture, hold, or take possession of something

อื่นๆ

ueen ueen — Others, other things, or additional items besides those mentioned

แห่

hae — To parade, process in a procession, or march in a group

ขบวน

kha-buan — Procession, parade, convoy, or organized group movement

เก็บรักษา

kep rak-sa — To preserve, keep, store, or maintain something carefully

ไว้

wai — Particle indicating keeping, placing, or storing for later use

รอ

ro — To wait for someone or something expected to arrive

เวลา

we-la — Time, a specific moment, or a period of duration

เหมาะสม

mo som — Appropriate, suitable, fitting, or proper for a situation

แสดง

sa-daeng — To show, demonstrate, perform, or display something

ให้

hai — To give; causative marker meaning 'let' or 'make'

เห็น

hen — To see, perceive visually, or notice something

ว่า

wa — That; quotative particle introducing reported speech or thought

นามสกุล

nam sa-kun — Surname, family name, or last name of a person

เป็น

pen — To be, to be in a state, or to function as something

เกลียดชัง

kliat chang — To hate intensely, detest, or feel strong aversion toward

แช่งสาป

chaeng sap — To curse, damn, or place a malediction upon someone

โดย

doi — By, by means of, through, indicating agent or method

มา

ma — To come; directional verb indicating movement toward speaker

นาน

nan — Long time, for a lengthy duration, or prolonged period

แล้ว

laeo — Already, then, after that; indicates completed action

จารึก

ja-ruek — To inscribe, engrave, or record something permanently in writing

ทะเบียน

tha-bian — Register, official record, or registry of names and data

โชคชะตา

chok cha-ta — Fate, destiny, or fortune determined beyond one's control

ชายคนใด

chai khon dai — Whichever man, any man, or whatever person (male)

เคย

khoei — Ever, used to, had experience of doing something before

เหยียบ

yiap — To step on, tread upon, or trample underfoot

ซึ่ง

sueng — Which, that; relative pronoun connecting clauses in Thai

คุณธรรม

khun tha-ram — Virtue, moral goodness, ethics, or moral principles

รับใช้

rap chai — To serve, attend to, or be in service to someone

เขา

khao — He, she, him, her; third person singular pronoun

สามารถ

sa-mat — Can, able to, or capable of doing something

ค้ำจุน

kham jun — To support, sustain, uphold, or prop something up

วัน

wan — Day, a period of twenty-four hours

ต่อต้าน

to tan — To resist, oppose, fight against, or be against something

เช่นนั้น

chen nan — Like that, in that manner, or of that kind

ยิ่ง

ying — Even more, increasingly, to a greater degree

เลวร้าย

leo rai — Evil, terrible, dreadful, or morally corrupt and bad

กว่า

kwa — More than, comparative marker used with adjectives

สำหรับ

sam-rap — For, intended for, or meant for a person or purpose

ชาย

chai — Man, male person, or male in gender

กำหนด

kam-not — To determine, set, assign, or prescribe a time or rule

ชะตา

cha-ta — Fate, destiny, or one's predetermined life path

พลเมือง

phon mueang — Citizen, civilian, or a member of a nation's populace

รู้จัก

ru jak — To know, be acquainted with, or recognize someone personally

กัน

kan — Together, each other, or mutual reciprocal action marker

ดี

dii — Good, well, fine, or of positive quality

เพื่อน

phuan — Friend, companion, or close associate

สนิท

sa-nit — Close, intimate, or having a tight personal relationship

เอง

eng — Self, oneself; reflexive particle emphasizing personal agency

บิดา

bi-da — Father; formal or literary word for one's male parent

ภรรยา

phan-ra-ya — Wife, spouse, or married female partner

หนึ่ง

nueng — One; the number one, or a single unit

ปรารถนา

prat-tha-na — To desire, wish for, or deeply hope for something

คลั่งไคล้

khlang khlai — To be obsessed with, fanatical about, or passionately devoted to

ประชาชน

pra-cha-chon — The people, citizens, or the general public of a nation

คือ

khue — Is, means, that is; equating or defining two things

เลียนแบบ

lian baep — To imitate, copy, or model oneself after someone else

สงสัย

song-sai — To suspect, doubt, or be curious and uncertain about something

สมัย

sa-mai — Era, period, age, or a particular time in history

โบราณ

bo-ran — Ancient, antique, old, or belonging to past times

เสียสละ

sia sa-la — To sacrifice, give up, or make a selfless offering

พลีชีพ

phli chiip — To sacrifice one's life, die for a cause or belief

บน

bon — On, above, or on top of a surface or place

แท่นบูชา

thaen bu-cha — Altar, sacrificial platform, or shrine for worship and offerings