A Tale of Two Cities — Page 8

Vocabulary

ขณะที่

kha-na thi — while, at the moment that something occurs

เขา

khao — he, she, or him/her (third person pronoun)

ยืน

yuen — to stand upright on one's feet

จ้อง

jong — to stare or gaze fixedly at something

มอง

mong — to look at or observe something

พวกเขา

phuak khao — they or them (third person plural pronoun)

อยู่

yu — to be located; to stay or reside somewhere

นั้น

nan — that; referring to something previously mentioned

ไม่ได้

mai dai — did not; unable to or did not do something

ถาม

tham — to ask a question to someone

คำถาม

kham tham — a question posed to seek information

ใดๆ

dai dai — any; whichever, used in negative or general contexts

เลย

loei — at all; not at all, or right away

เพราะ

phro — because; gives reason for a preceding statement

ใบหน้า

bai na — the face, front part of the head

ของ

khong — of; belonging to someone or something

บอก

bok — to tell or inform someone of something

ทุกสิ่ง

thuk sing — everything, all things without exception

แก่

kae — to; old; used to indicate giving or addressing

แล้ว

laeo — already; then, indicating completion of action

ข้า

kha — I or me, archaic or formal first person pronoun

หา

ha — to search for or look for something

ไม่

mai — no, not; negation particle in Thai

พบ

phop — to find or meet someone or something

กล่าว

klao — to say or state something formally

และ

lae — and; connecting words, phrases, or clauses

ต้อง

tong — must, have to; expresses obligation or necessity

ได้

dai — can, able to; indicates ability or past action

มัน

man — it; informal third person or impersonal pronoun

ที่

thi — at, which; place marker or relative pronoun

ไหน

nai — where; asking about location or place

ศีรษะ

si-ra-sa — the head, uppermost part of the body

ลำคอ

lam kho — the throat or neck of a person

เปลือยเปล่า

plueai plao — naked, bare, without clothing or covering

พูด

phut — to speak or talk to someone

สายตา

sai ta — eyesight, gaze, or line of vision

ไร้ที่พึ่ง

rai thi phueng — without support or refuge; helpless and alone

ก็

ko — also, then; discourse particle linking clauses

เหม่อ

moe — to stare blankly, daydream, or look vacant

ไป

pai — to go; directional particle indicating away movement

รอบๆ

rop rop — around, surrounding all sides of something

ถอด

thot — to remove or take off clothing or items

เสื้อคลุม

suea khlum — a coat, cloak, or outer covering garment

ออก

ok — out; to exit or remove from a place

ปล่อย

ploi — to release, let go, or set free

ให้

hai — to give; causes or allows someone to do

หล่น

lon — to fall or drop down accidentally

ลง

long — down; to descend or move downward

บน

bon — on top of; above a surface or object

พื้น

phuen — the floor or ground surface of a place

โต๊ะทำงาน

to tham ngan — a desk or work table for working

ค้นหา

khon ha — to search or look for something carefully

ทุกที่

thuk thi — everywhere, in every place or location

แต่

tae — but; introduces a contrasting or opposing idea

เอา

ao — to take or get something; want (informal)

งาน

ngan — work, job, or a task to complete

ทำ

tham — to do, make, or perform an action

อะไร

a-rai — what; asking about an unknown thing

เวลา

we-la — time; a period or point in time

กำลัง

kam-lang — currently doing; progressive aspect marker in Thai

จะ

ja — will, going to; future tense marker

หมด

mot — all gone, finished, depleted completely

รองเท้า

rong thao — shoes or footwear worn on the feet

เหล่านั้น

lao nan — those; referring to a previously mentioned group

เสร็จ

set — finished, done, completed successfully

หน้า

na — face; front side; next (page or time)

กัน

kan — together; each other; reciprocal action marker

หัวใจ

hua jai — the heart, both physical and emotional center

แทบ

thaep — almost, nearly, barely; used with negatives often

ดับสูญ

dap sun — to be extinguished, destroyed, or perish completely

ภายใน

phai nai — inside, within a space, time, or boundary

มาเถิด

ma thoet — come; imperative urging someone to come here

ด้วย

duai — also, too; with, together with someone

น้ำเสียง

nam siang — tone of voice when speaking to someone

แว่วเบา

waeo bao — a faint, soft, barely audible sound or voice

น่าสังเวช

na sang-wet — pitiable, pathetic, evoking pity or sadness

ทำงาน

tham ngan — to work, to do one's job or task

เถิด

thoet — particle urging or encouraging an action gently

มา

ma — to come; directional particle indicating toward speaker

เมื่อ

muea — when; at the time that something happened

รับ

rap — to receive, accept, or take something offered

คำตอบ

kham top — an answer or response to a question

ฉีก

chik — to tear or rip something apart forcefully

ผม

phom — hair (on head); I/me (polite male pronoun)

ตัวเอง

tua eng — oneself; by oneself, referring back to subject

กระทืบ

kra-thuep — to stamp or stomp hard with the foot

เท้า

thao — the foot, lower extremity used for walking

ประดุจ

pra-dut — like, as if; literary comparison particle

เด็ก

dek — a child, young person, or kid

เสียสติ

sia sa-ti — to lose one's mind or go crazy

อย่า

ya — don't; negative imperative, telling someone not to

ทรมาน

tho-ra-man — to torment, torture, or cause severe suffering

คน

khon — person, people; classifier for human beings

สิ้นไร้ไม้ตอก

sin rai mai tok — utterly destitute, having absolutely nothing at all

น่าสงสาร

na song-san — pitiful, deserving sympathy or compassion from others

วิงวอน

wing won — to plead, beg, or earnestly implore someone

เสียงร้อง

siang rong — a cry, shout, or sound of crying

น่าสะพรึงกลัว

na sa-phrueng klua — terrifying, frightening, causing horror or dread

พวกเรา

phuak rao — we or us; first person plural pronoun

เป็น

pen — to be; indicates state, condition, or identity

อย่างไร

yang rai — how, in what way; asking about manner

ถ้า

tha — if; introduces a conditional clause or situation

ยัง

yang — still, yet; continuing state or action ongoing

คืนนี้

khuen ni — tonight, this evening or night currently

สูญสิ้น

sun sin — to be completely lost, gone, or destroyed

โดย

doi — by, through, via; indicates means or agent

สิ้นเชิง

sin choeng — completely, entirely, totally without remainder

ชัดเจน

chat chen — clear, evident, obvious to understand or see

เกิน

koen — exceeding, beyond, more than a limit

กว่า

kwa — more than, comparative marker in Thai

ความหวัง

khwam wang — hope; a feeling of expectation for something positive

ใช้

chai — to use or make use of something

เหตุผล

het phon — reason, rationale, or logical explanation for something

กับ

kap — with; together with, or connecting two things

หรือ

rue — or; presents an alternative option or choice

พยายาม

pha-ya-yam — to try, attempt, or make an effort

ฟื้นฟู

fuen fu — to restore, rehabilitate, or bring back vitality

กลับมา

klap ma — to come back, return to a previous place

จนกระทั่ง

jon kra-thang — until, up to the point that something happens

ราวกับ

rao kap — as if, as though; introduces a comparison

ว่า

wa — that; introduces a quoted or reported clause

ตกลง

tok long — to agree; okay, settled, indicating agreement

ไว้

wai — to keep, retain; for later use or purpose

แต่ละ

tae la — each, every individual one separately

วาง

wang — to place or put something down somewhere

มือ

mue — hand; the hand used for grasping things

บ่า

ba — shoulder; upper part of arm and torso

ปลอบโยน

plop yon — to comfort, console, or soothe someone's feelings

นั่ง

nang — to sit down on a surface or seat

กองไฟ

kong fai — a bonfire, campfire, or pile of burning fire

พร้อม

phrom — ready, prepared; along with, together with

สัญญา

san-ya — a promise or contract made to someone

ได้รับ

dai rap — to receive or obtain something from someone

ใน

nai — in, inside; within a place or container

ไม่ช้า

mai cha — soon, before long, in a short time

จม

chom — to sink, submerge, or be buried in something

เก้าอี้

kao i — a chair or seat for sitting on

ถ่าน

than — charcoal or coal; used as fuel for burning

คุ

khu — to smolder; glow with heat without flame

อย่าง

yang — way, manner; a type or kind of something

หมกมุ่น

mok mun — to be absorbed, obsessed, or deeply preoccupied

น้ำตา

nam ta — tears; liquid from the eyes when crying

ไหล

lai — to flow, stream, or run like liquid

ออกมา

ok ma — to come out, emerge from inside somewhere