A Tale of Two Cities — Page 11

Vocabulary

พวกเขา

phuak khao — Third person plural pronoun meaning 'they' or 'them'.

ไม่ได้

mai dai — Negates past actions or ability; 'did not' or 'cannot'.

อยู่

yuu — To be located somewhere; indicates ongoing state.

ใน

nai — Preposition meaning 'in' or 'inside'.

อันตราย

an ta rai — Danger or peril; describing a hazardous situation.

ใช่ไหม

chai mai — Tag question meaning 'right?' or 'isn't it?'

อย่างยิ่ง

yang ying — Extremely or greatly; intensifier for adjectives and verbs.

ที่จะ

thi ja — Particle phrase indicating intention or future action.

ถูก

thuuk — Passive marker; also means 'correct' or 'cheap'.

กล่าวโทษ

klaao thot — To accuse or blame someone formally.

โดย

doi — Preposition meaning 'by' indicating agent or method.

ข้าพเจ้า

khaa pha jao — Formal first-person pronoun meaning 'I' or 'me'.

รู้

ruu — To know or be aware of something.

เรื่องนี้

rueang nii — This matter or this story; referring to current topic.

จาก

jaak — Preposition meaning 'from' indicating origin or source.

ปาก

paak — Mouth; the part of the face used for speaking.

ของ

khoong — Possessive particle meaning 'of' or 'belonging to'.

เธอ

thoe — Informal pronoun meaning 'she', 'her', or 'you'.

เอง

eeng — Emphatic particle meaning 'oneself' or 'personally'.

ได้

dai — Auxiliary indicating ability, permission, or past completion.

แอบ

aep — To do something secretly or stealthily without notice.

ได้ยิน

dai yin — To hear; to perceive sound through the ears.

คำพูด

kham phuut — Words or speech; what someone has said aloud.

ผู้หญิง

phuu ying — Woman or female person; adult female human being.

คนนั้น

khon nan — That person; referring to a specific individual mentioned.

คืนนี้

khuen nii — Tonight; the current night or this evening.

ซึ่ง

sueng — Relative pronoun meaning 'which' or 'that'.

นำเสนอ

nam sa noe — To present or propose something to an audience.

ให้

hai — To give; also causative marker meaning 'to let' or 'for'.

เห็น

hen — To see or observe with the eyes.

อย่าง

yaang — In a manner of; used to form adverbs or comparisons.

ชัดเจน

chat jaen — Clear, distinct, or evident; easy to understand or see.

เสียเวลา

sia we laa — To waste time; spending time unproductively.

และ

lae — Conjunction meaning 'and'; connecting words or clauses.

ตั้งแต่

tang tae — Since or from a particular point in time.

นั้นมา

nan maa — From that point onward; since then.

พบ

phop — To meet, find, or encounter someone or something.

กับ

kap — With; preposition connecting two people or things.

สายลับ

saai lap — Spy or secret agent working covertly.

เขา

khao — He, she, him, or her; third-person singular pronoun.

ยืนยัน

yuen yan — To confirm or verify the truth of something.

สิ่ง

sing — Thing or object; general classifier for abstract items.

ที่

thii — Relative pronoun 'that/which'; also means 'place'.

สงสัย

song sai — To suspect or be curious; feeling of doubt.

รู้ว่า

ruu waa — To know that; introducing a known fact or clause.

คน

khon — Person or people; human classifier in Thai.

เลื่อยไม้

lueai mai — Woodcutter or sawyer; one who cuts or saws wood.

อาศัยอยู่

aa sai yuu — To reside or live somewhere permanently.

ริม

rim — Beside or along the edge of something.

กำแพง

kam phaeng — Wall; a solid structure enclosing or dividing spaces.

เรือนจำ

ruean jam — Prison or jail; place where inmates are confined.

นั้น

nan — Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'that' referring to distant thing.

ภายใต้

phai tai — Under or beneath; subject to control or conditions.

การควบคุม

kaan khuap khum — Control or supervision over someone or something.

ตระกูล

tra kuun — Family lineage or clan; ancestral family group.

ได้รับ

dai rap — To receive or obtain something given by another.

การ

kaan — Nominalizer prefix turning verbs into abstract nouns.

ฝึกสอน

fuek sorn — To train and teach; provide instruction and practice.

เกี่ยวกับ

kiao kap — About or concerning a particular subject or topic.

การที่

kaan thii — The act of; nominalizing phrase introducing a clause.

ได้เห็น

dai hen — To have seen; past experience of seeing something.

ไม่เคย

mai khoei — Never; indicating something has not occurred before.

เอ่ยชื่อ

oei chue — To mention or utter someone's name aloud.

ส่ง

song — To send or transmit something to someone.

สัญญาณ

san yaan — Signal or sign used to convey a message.

นักโทษ

nak thot — Prisoner or convict; person held in custody.

เป็น

pen — To be; linking verb indicating identity or state.

เรื่อง

rueang — Story, matter, or topic under discussion.

ง่าย

ngaai — Easy or simple; not requiring much effort.

คาดเดา

khat dao — To guess or speculate about something uncertain.

ว่า

waa — Conjunction 'that'; introduces reported speech or clauses.

ข้ออ้าง

khoo aang — Excuse or pretext; reason given to justify action.

จะ

ja — Future tense marker; indicates intention or prediction.

แบบ

baep — Type, style, or form of something.

พบได้

phop dai — Can be found or encountered; discoverable.

ทั่วไป

thua pai — General or common; widely found everywhere.

คือ

khue — Is or means; equating two things in a sentence.

แผนการ

phaen kaan — Plan or scheme; organized strategy for achieving goals.

มัน

man — It; third-person pronoun for things or animals.

เกี่ยวข้อง

kiao khoong — To be related or involved with something else.

ชีวิต

chii wit — Life; the existence or livelihood of a person.

บางที

baang thii — Sometimes or perhaps; expressing possibility or uncertainty.

ก็

ko — Also, then, or even; connective particle in sentences.

ลูก

luuk — Child or offspring; son or daughter.

พ่อ

phoo — Father; male parent of a child.

เพราะ

phro — Because; conjunction giving a reason or cause.

ทั้งสอง

thang soong — Both; referring to two things or people together.

พบเห็น

phop hen — To witness or come across; see with one's eyes.

ร่วม

ruam — Together or joint; sharing participation in something.

สถานที่

sa thaan thii — Place or location; a specific physical site.

อย่า

yaa — Don't; imperative negative command to stop an action.

ดู

duu — To look at or watch; direct visual attention.

ตกใจ

tok jai — To be startled or shocked by something sudden.

มาก

maak — Very or a lot; intensifier indicating high degree.

ขนาดนั้น

kha naat nan — To that extent or that much; indicating degree.

คุณ

khun — You; polite second-person pronoun in Thai.

ช่วย

chuai — To help or assist someone with a task.

ทุกคน

thuk khon — Everyone or everybody; all people without exception.

ขอ

kho — To request or ask for something politely.

สวรรค์

sa wan — Heaven or paradise; divine realm above the earth.

โปรด

proot — Please; polite word for making a request.

ทำได้

tham dai — To be able to do; capable of performing something.

เถิด

thoet — Particle urging action; 'please do' or 'go ahead'.

แต่

tae — But; conjunction showing contrast between two clauses.

ทำ

tham — To do or make; general action verb.

อย่างไร

yang rai — How; asking in what manner something is done.

กำลังจะ

kam lang ja — About to; indicates imminent future action.

บอก

book — To tell or inform someone of something.

ขึ้นอยู่

khuen yuu — To depend on; contingent upon certain conditions.

ไม่มี

mai mii — There is none; indicates absence or nonexistence.

ใคร

khrai — Who; interrogative pronoun asking about a person.

ดีกว่า

dii kwaa — Better than; comparative adjective of quality.

สิ่งนี้

sing nii — This thing; referring to a nearby object or matter.

ใหม่

mai — New or again; recently made or repeated action.

นี้

nii — This; demonstrative pronoun for nearby things.

ไม่

mai — No or not; general negation particle in Thai.

เกิดขึ้น

koet khuen — To occur or happen; an event taking place.

จนกว่า

jon kwaa — Until; up to the point when something occurs.

หลัง

lang — After or behind; following in time or position.

พรุ่งนี้

phrung nii — Tomorrow; the day following today.

แน่นอน

nae non — Certainly or definitely; expressing strong confidence.

อาจจะ

aat ja — Maybe or might; expressing possibility or probability.

ผ่านไป

phaan pai — To pass by; time or events going by.

สอง

soong — Two; the number 2.

หรือ

rue — Or; conjunction offering an alternative choice.

สาม

saam — Three; the number 3.

วัน

wan — Day; a 24-hour period of time.

น่าจะ

naa ja — Should or ought to; expressing reasonable expectation.

หนึ่ง

nueng — One; the number 1.

สัปดาห์

sap daa — Week; a period of seven consecutive days.

หลังจาก

lang jaak — After; following a particular event or time.

รู้ดี

ruu dii — To know well; having good awareness or understanding.

ความผิด

khwaam phit — Fault, guilt, or wrongdoing; a committed offense.

ร้ายแรง

raai raeng — Serious or severe; describing grave situations or crimes.

ไว้อาลัย

wai aa lai — To mourn or express grief for someone deceased.

เห็นใจ

hen jai — To sympathize or feel compassion for someone's suffering.

เหยื่อ

yueua — Victim; a person harmed by crime or misfortune.

กิโยติน

ki yo tin — Guillotine; execution device using a falling blade.