A Tale of Two Cities — Page 8

Vocabulary

ความสนใจ

khwaam son jai — interest or attention toward something

ของ

khɔ̌ɔng — of; belonging to someone or something

ลอร์รี่

lɔɔ-rîi — lorry; a large motor truck for cargo

ไม่

mâi — not; negation particle in Thai sentences

เพียง

phiang — only; merely; just a small amount

แต่

tɛ̀ɛ — but; however; connects contrasting ideas

เป็น

pen — to be; indicates state or identity

สิ่ง

sìng — thing; object; an abstract or concrete item

ที่

thîi — that; which; relative pronoun or place marker

พึง

phueng — should; ought to; formal obligation marker

ประสงค์

prà-sǒng — to desire; to wish for something formally

จะ

jà — will; future tense marker in Thai

หลีก

lìik — to avoid; to step aside from something

เลี่ยง

lîang — to evade; to steer clear of something

การ

gaan — nominalizer; turns verbs into abstract nouns

บรรทุก

ban-thúk — to load cargo; to carry heavy goods

รถม้า

rót máa — horse-drawn carriage; traditional wheeled vehicle

จน

jon — until; to the point of; poor (context-dependent)

เกิน

gəən — to exceed; more than a certain limit

ไป

pai — to go; directional particle away from speaker

ยัง

yang — still; yet; also; continuing state or action

มี

mii — to have; there is; to possess something

ความ

khwaam — nominalizing prefix creating abstract nouns

สำคัญ

sǎm-khan — important; significant; of great consequence

อย่าง

yàang — type; manner; in the way of something

ยิ่ง

yîng — even more; increasingly; to a greater degree

เวลา

wee-laa — time; a period or moment in the day

ใช้

chái — to use; to utilize; to employ something

ใน

nai — in; inside; within a space or context

ตรวจ

trùat — to inspect; to check; to examine carefully

สอบ

sɔ̀ɔp — to examine; to test; to investigate something

และ

lɛ́ — and; connecting two words or clauses together

ผู้

phûu — person; one who; prefix indicating a person

โดยสาร

dooi-sǎan — to travel as a passenger; to ride transport

นั้น

nán — that; those; referring to something previously mentioned

ต้อง

tɔ̂ng — must; have to; obligatory action or requirement

ถูก

thùuk — to be acted upon; correct; cheap (context-dependent)

ลด

lót — to reduce; to decrease; to lower an amount

ให้

hâi — to give; to allow; causative particle in Thai

น้อย

nɔ́ɔi — few; little; small in quantity or degree

ที่สุด

thîi sùt — the most; superlative marker in Thai sentences

เท่า

thâo — equal to; as much as; to the same degree

ทำ

tham — to do; to make; to perform an action

ได้

dâai — can; able to; past tense or ability marker

เนื่อง

nûuang — due to; because of; resulting from something

จาก

jàak — from; originating from a place or source

หลบ

lòp — to dodge; to hide from; to evade something

หนี

nǐi — to flee; to escape; to run away from

พวก

phûak — group; they; a collective of people or things

เขา

khǎo — he; she; they; third-person pronoun in Thai

อาจ

àat — might; may; expressing possibility or uncertainty

ขึ้น

khûen — to go up; to rise; upward directional particle

อยู่

yùu — to be located; to stay; continuous aspect marker

กับ

gàp — with; and; together with someone or something

ประหยัด

prà-yàt — to save; economical; frugal with time or money

กี่

gìi — how many; how much; questioning a quantity

วินาที

wi-naa-thii — second; a unit of time equal to one second

แต่ละ

tɛ̀ɛ lá — each; every individual item or instance

จุด

jùt — point; spot; a specific location or moment

หลัง

lǎng — after; behind; the back of something

พิจารณา

phí-jaa-rá-naa — to consider; to deliberate; to think over carefully

ด้วย

dûai — also; with; by means of; as well

กังวล

gang-won — to worry; to be anxious about something

เสนอ

sà-nəə — to propose; to suggest; to offer an idea

ว่า

wâa — that; to say; introduces a subordinate clause

ซึ่ง

sûeng — which; that; a relative pronoun connector word

อิสระ

ìt-sà-rà — free; independent; having freedom from constraint

ออก

ɔ̀ɔk — to exit; to go out; outward directional particle

เมือง

mueang — city; town; a populated urban settlement

ควร

khuuan — should; ought to; expressing mild obligation

เดิน

dəən — to walk; to go on foot somewhere

ทาง

thaang — way; path; road; direction or route

บ่าย

bàai — afternoon; the part of day after noon

สาม

sǎam — three; the number 3

โมง

moong — o'clock; hour marker in Thai time system

พาหนะ

phaa-há-ná — vehicle; means of transportation or conveyance

ล้อ

lɔ́ɔ — wheel; the circular rotating part of a vehicle

เบา

bao — light; soft; not heavy in weight or sound

รู้จัก

rúu-jàk — to know; to be acquainted with someone

ยุค

yúk — era; age; a period of historical time

โดย

dooi — by; by means of; through an agent or method

สัมภาระ

sǎm-phaa-rá — luggage; baggage; personal belongings for travel

ภาระ

phaa-rá — burden; responsibility; a load or obligation

ตาม

taam — to follow; according to; in pursuit of

ทัน

than — in time; to catch up; not too late

ช้า

cháa — slow; late; not moving quickly or promptly

เมื่อ

mûua — when; at the time that something occurred

แซง

sɛɛng — to overtake; to pass another vehicle or person

หน้า

nâa — front; face; next; ahead of something

นำ

nam — to lead; to bring; to take someone somewhere

บน

bon — on; upon; above a surface or location

ถนน

thà-nǒn — road; street; a paved public thoroughfare

สั่ง

sàng — to order; to instruct; to command someone

เตรียม

triam — to prepare; to get ready for something

ม้า

máa — horse; a large domesticated riding animal

ไว้

wái — to keep; to store; marks future preparation

ล่วง

lûang — to pass; to go ahead; to precede in time

อำนวย

am-nuai — to facilitate; to provide; to make possible

สะดวก

sà-dùak — convenient; comfortable; easy to do or use

มาก

mâak — many; much; a large amount or degree

ยาม

yaam — time; guard; a period or watch of time

ค่ำ

khâm — evening; nightfall; the early part of night

คืน

khuuen — night; to return; nighttime or giving back

อัน

an — classifier for various objects; a thing

ค่า

khâa — value; cost; fee; worth of something

ล่าช้า

lâa-cháa — delayed; late; taking longer than expected

น่า

nâa — worthy of; deserving; prefixes emotive adjectives

เกรง

greeng — to fear; to be in awe or respectful fear

กลัว

glua — to be afraid; to fear something or someone

มอง

mɔɔng — to look; to gaze at something visually

เห็น

hěn — to see; to perceive visually; to notice

หวัง

wǎng — to hope; to expect; to wish for something

ช่วยเหลือ

chûai lǔua — to help; to assist; to support someone in need

แท้จริง

thɛ́ jing — truly; genuinely; in actual reality or fact

สถานการณ์

sà-thǎan-gaan — situation; circumstance; the state of current affairs

เร่ง

rêng — to hurry; to accelerate; to speed something up

ด่วน

dùan — urgent; express; requiring immediate attention

แผนการ

phɛ̌ɛn-gaan — plan; scheme; a structured course of action

นี้

níi — this; these; referring to something nearby or present

เธอ

thəə — she; her; you (informal); second or third person

จึง

jueng — therefore; so; consequently following a reason

ต้อนรับ

tɔ̂n-ráp — to welcome; to greet; to receive someone warmly

มัน

man — it; that thing; informal third-person pronoun

ยินดี

yin-dii — glad; pleased; happy to do something

รู้

rúu — to know; to be aware of facts or information

ใคร

khrai — who; whoever; asking about a person's identity

คือ

khuue — is; means; equates one thing to another

คน

khon — person; people; human being; classifier for people

มา

maa — to come; directional particle toward the speaker

ผ่าน

phàan — to pass through; to go by; to get past

ช่วง

chûang — period; span; a section of time or space

ราว

raao — about; approximately; around a certain amount

สิบ

sìp — ten; the number 10

นาที

naa-thii — minute; a unit of time equal to 60 seconds

ทรมาน

tho-rá-maan — to torment; suffering; causing great pain or distress

แห่ง

hɛ̀ng — of; at; classifier for places or institutions

ระทึก

rá-thûek — thrilling; suspenseful; causing excitement or tension

ขณะ

khà-ná — while; at the moment; during a specific time

กำลัง

gam-lang — currently; in the process of; progressive aspect marker

สรุป

sà-rùp — to summarize; to conclude; to wrap up ideas

เพื่อ

phûua — in order to; for the purpose of doing something

ติดตาม

tìt-taam — to follow; to track; to keep up with someone

แม้

mɛ́ɛ — even though; although; despite a condition

เดียวกัน

diao-gan — the same; identical; one and the same thing

ก็

gɔ̂ — also; then; so; a discourse linking particle

เข้า

khâo — to enter; inward directional particle; to go in

ใกล้

glâi — near; close; not far from something or someone

ที่พัก

thîi-phák — accommodation; lodging; a place to stay overnight

ร้าง

ráang — deserted; abandoned; empty of inhabitants

ผู้คน

phûu khon — people; persons; a group of human beings

ปรึกษา

prùek-sǎa — to consult; to seek advice from someone

หารือ

hǎa-ruu — to discuss; to deliberate together on a matter

เรื่อยๆ

rûuai-rûuai — continuously; gradually; on and on without stopping

ตอน

tɔɔn — part; episode; a portion or section of time

คุณ

khun — you; a polite second-person pronoun in Thai

คิด

khít — to think; to consider; to have a thought

อย่างไร

yàang-rai — how; in what way; asking about manner or method

บ้าง

bâang — some; somewhat; a little; softening question particle

กล่าว

glàao — to say; to state; formal verb for speaking

วุ่นวาย

wûn-waai — chaotic; hectic; confused and disorderly situation

ใจ

jai — heart; mind; the emotional or mental center

แทบ

thɛ̂ɛp — almost; nearly; barely able to do something

พูด

phûut — to speak; to talk; to say something aloud

ยืน

yuuen — to stand; to be standing in a position

เคลื่อนไหว

khluuan-wǎi — to move; to make a motion or movement

หรือ

rǔu — or; whether; used in questions and choices

แม้แต่

mɛ́ɛ tɛ̀ɛ — even; not even; emphasizing an extreme case

ชีวิต

chii-wít — life; existence; the state of being alive

เรา

rao — we; us; I (informal); first-person pronoun

ลาน

laan — open ground; courtyard; a wide flat area