A Tale of Two Cities — Page 11

Vocabulary

และ

lae — Conjunction meaning 'and', connecting words or clauses.

ก็

gôr — Particle meaning 'also', 'then', or 'so'.

ยัง

yang — Still, yet; indicates ongoing action or state.

คง

kong — Probably, likely; indicates reasonable assumption.

เดิน

dəən — To walk; move on foot from place to place.

ทาง

taang — Way, path, road, or direction of travel.

ไป

bpai — To go; move away from current location.

ตาม

taam — To follow; along; according to something.

ถนน

tha-nǒn — Road or street for vehicles and pedestrians.

เข้า

khâo — To enter; move into a place or space.

มา

maa — To come; move toward the speaker.

ใกล้

glâi — Near, close in distance or proximity.

ยิ่ง

yîng — Even more; increasingly; to a greater degree.

ขึ้น

khûen — To go up, rise, or increase in level.

ถ้า

thâa — If; introduces a conditional clause or supposition.

เรา

rao — We, us, or informal first-person singular 'I'.

ได้

dâi — Can, could, able to; or past tense marker.

กลับ

glàp — To return, go back to a previous place.

บ้านเกิด

bâan-gəət — Birthplace; the town or village one was born.

ของ

khǒng — Of, belonging to; possessive particle in Thai.

กล่าว

glàao — To say, state, or speak formally.

ท่าน

thân — Respectful pronoun for 'you' or a respected person.

อาจ

àat — Might, may; expressing possibility or uncertainty.

วาง

waang — To place, put down, or set something somewhere.

ใจ

jai — Heart, mind; center of feelings and emotions.

ว่า

wâa — That; introduces reported speech or a clause.

ฉัน

chǎn — I, me; first-person pronoun, typically used by women.

จะ

jà — Will, going to; future tense marker in Thai.

บอก

bòok — To tell, inform, or say to someone.

เล่า

lâo — To narrate, tell a story, or recount events.

แก่

gàe — To; for; also means 'old' in another context.

นาง

naang — Mrs.; title for a married woman; also 'woman'.

เท่า

thâo — Equal to, as much as; same amount or degree.

ที่

thîi — At, place, location; also a relative clause marker.

จำ

jam — To remember, memorize, or recall something.

เข้าใจ

khâo-jai — To understand; comprehend the meaning of something.

ใน

nai — In, inside, within a place or time period.

สิ่ง

sìng — Thing, object, or matter; general classifier for things.

พูด

phûut — To speak, talk, or say words aloud.

ไว้

wái — To keep, store, or retain for future use.

อย่าง

yàang — Way, manner, type, or kind of something.

น่า

nâa — Worth doing; likely to inspire a feeling.

ประทับใจ

bprà-thàp-jai — Impressive; to make a strong positive impression.

ไม่ว่า

mâi-wâa — No matter; regardless of what happens or condition.

อย่างไร

yàang-rai — How; in what way or manner; what kind.

ก็ตาม

gôr-taam — Anyway, nevertheless; used after 'no matter what'.

มั่นใจ

mân-jai — Confident, certain; feeling sure about something.

เป็น

bpen — To be; indicates identity, state, or condition.

พยาน

phá-yaan — Witness; person who sees or attests to an event.

มี

mii — To have; there is/are; to possess something.

ความ

khwaam — Nominalizer prefix turning adjectives into abstract nouns.

จริงจัง

jing-jang — Serious, earnest; treating something with full sincerity.

ถ่องแท้

thòng-tháe — Thoroughly, clearly; with complete and deep understanding.

ยาม

yaam — Time, period; a guard or watchman on duty.

อัน

an — Classifier for various objects; a thing or item.

สะพรึงกลัว

sà-phrueng-glua — Terrifying, horrifying; causing extreme fear or dread.

นี้

níi — This; demonstrative pronoun indicating something nearby.

บัดนี้

bàt-níi — Right now, at this moment; used in formal contexts.

ขอ

khǒo — To request, ask for, or beg something politely.

ให้

hâi — To give; to allow; causative marker in Thai.

คิด

khít — To think, consider, or have a thought.

กัน

gan — Together; mutual action between people; each other.

เถิด

thəət — Particle urging action; 'let's' or 'go ahead then'.

คุณ

khun — You; polite second-person pronoun for equal-status people.

เคารพ

khao-róp — To respect, honor, or show deference to someone.

กระนั้น

grà-nán — Even so, nevertheless; despite what was just said.

ออก

òok — To exit, go out, or come out of somewhere.

ก่อน

gòon — Before, first, prior to an action or event.

หยุด

yùt — To stop, halt, or pause an action or movement.

ยานพาหนะ

yaan-phaa-hà-ná — Vehicle; any mode of transportation carrying passengers.

ม้า

máa — Horse; large domesticated animal used for riding.

ไม่

mâi — Not, no; general negation particle in Thai.

นี่

nîi — Here, this; informal demonstrative indicating nearby thing.

รอ

roo — To wait, stay in place until something happens.

อยู่

yùu — To be located at; to live; progressive aspect marker.

ไหน

nǎi — Where, which; question word for location or choice.

สัก

sàk — Some, any; a vague quantifier suggesting small amount.

แห่ง

hàeng — Place, location; classifier for places and institutions.

เช่น

chên — For example, such as; used to introduce examples.

นั้น

nán — That, those; demonstrative referring to something distant.

ดี

dii — Good, nice, fine; positive quality or condition.

กว่า

gwàa — More than, rather than; comparative particle in Thai.

หรือ

rǔue — Or; question particle at end of yes/no questions.

นั่น

nân — That (thing); demonstrative for something farther away.

วิธี

wí-thii — Method, way, procedure for doing something.

ที่สุด

thîi-sùt — Most, -est; superlative marker indicating highest degree.

ถาม

thǎam — To ask a question or make an inquiry.

ยุ่งเหยิง

yûng-yəəng — Messy, chaotic, confused; in a state of disorder.

มาก

mâak — Many, much, a lot; indicating large quantity or degree.

จน

jon — Until; also means 'poor' in a separate context.

นึก

nûek — To think of, recall, or imagine something mentally.

นอกจาก

nôok-jàak — Except for, apart from, besides something already mentioned.

เสียดาย

sǐia-daai — To feel regret, pity, or sorrow about something lost.

ห่าง

hàang — Far, distant; separated by a considerable distance.

หลาย

lǎai — Many, several, numerous; more than a few items.

ร้อย

rói — Hundred; the number one hundred (100).

ไมล์

mai — Mile; unit of distance equal to about 1.6 km.

กำลัง

gam-lang — Currently doing; present continuous tense marker in Thai.

จริงๆ

jing-jing — Really, truly; emphasizes that something is genuinely true.

ประตู

bprà-dtuu — Door, gate; an entrance or exit to a place.

มหาวิหาร

má-hǎa-wí-hǎan — Cathedral or grand temple; large important religious building.

การ

gaan — Nominalizer for actions; turns verbs into abstract nouns.

นอก

nôok — Outside, exterior; beyond the boundary of something.

ไหม

mǎi — Question particle at end of yes/no sentences.

พา

phaa — To take, lead, or bring someone along somewhere.

ส่ง

sòng — To send, deliver, or see someone off somewhere.

ใหญ่

yài — Big, large, great; of considerable size or importance.

ระหว่าง

rá-wàang — Between, among, during; in the middle of something.

หอคอย

hǒo-khoi — Tower; a tall narrow structure or building.

สอง

sǒong — Two; the number 2 in Thai.

เลย

ləəi — At all, ever, so; intensifier or past-beyond marker.

ผู้หญิง

phûu-yǐng — Woman, female person; adult female human being.

ตอบ

tòop — To answer, reply, or respond to a question.

งั้น

ngán — Then, in that case; informal form of 'ถ้างั้น'.

เยี่ยง

yîiang — Like, similar to; in the manner of something.

บุรุษ

bù-rùt — Man, male person; formal word for male human.

จง

jong — Imperative particle; 'shall', 'must', urging strong command.

สถานี

sà-thǎa-nii — Station; a stopping place for transport or services.

โดยตรง

dooi-trong — Directly, straight; without detour or intermediary involved.

จัดการ

jàt-gaan — To manage, handle, deal with a situation or task.

เปลี่ยนแปลง

bplìian-bplɛɛng — To change, transform, alter from one state to another.

แน่ใจ

nâe-jai — Sure, certain; feeling definite confidence about something.

พลาง

phlaang — While, at the same time; doing two things simultaneously.

ลังเล

lang-lee — To hesitate, waver, or be indecisive about something.

ส่าย

sàai — To shake or sway side to side; to wag.

หัว

hǔua — Head; the top part of a person's body.

เรื่อง

rûueang — Story, matter, topic, issue; subject being discussed.

ทิ้ง

thíng — To throw away, abandon, or discard something or someone.