A Tale of Two Cities — Page 17

Vocabulary

ตราบใด

traap dai — as long as; for however long a duration

ที่

thîi — that; which; at; a relative pronoun or place marker

คุณ

khun — you; polite second-person pronoun in Thai

ยัง

yang — still; yet; continuing a state or action

ไม่

mâi — not; general negation particle in Thai

รู้

rúu — to know; to be aware of something

ว่า

wâa — that; introducing a clause or reported speech

พวก

phûak — group; they; a collective pronoun for people

เขา

khǎo — he; she; they; third-person pronoun

อยู่

yùu — to be located; to stay; continuative aspect marker

ใน

nai — in; inside; within a place or boundary

ห้อง

hông — room; an enclosed space within a building

นั้น

nán — that; referring to something previously mentioned

หรือ

rǔu — or; whether; used in questions or alternatives

ก็

gôr — also; then; a connective or emphasis particle

ลังเล

lang-lee — to hesitate; to be uncertain about doing something

จะ

jà — will; future tense marker or intention indicator

ทำ

tham — to do; to make; to perform an action

อะไร

à-rai — what; anything; used in questions or indefinite reference

กล่าว

glàao — to say; to speak; to state formally

กับ

gàp — with; and; together with someone or something

ตัว

tua — body; self; classifier for animals and objects

เอง

eeng — self; oneself; by oneself; emphasis on the subject

และ

láe — and; connecting words, phrases, or clauses together

เรื่อง

rûuang — story; matter; topic; issue being discussed

หาก

hàak — if; in case; conditional conjunction in Thai

ฉัน

chǎn — I; me; first-person pronoun used by females

สามารถ

sǎa-mâat — can; able to; having the ability to do

ขัดขวาง

khàt-khwǎang — to obstruct; to block; to prevent someone's actions

ให้

hâi — to give; to let; causative or benefactive marker

ได้

dâai — can; to get; past tense or ability marker

มี

mii — to have; there is; to possess something

วัน

wan — day; a period of twenty-four hours

ออก

òok — to go out; to exit; to emerge from somewhere

ไป

pai — to go; directional particle indicating movement away

จาก

jàak — from; away from; indicating origin or departure point

นี่

nîi — this; here; referring to something nearby the speaker

ตราบ

tràap — as long as; until; a temporal boundary marker

เท่า

thâo — equal; as much as; to the extent of

ยึด

yúut — to seize; to grip; to hold tightly onto something

ไว้

wái — to keep; to hold in place; retentive aspect marker

บน

bon — on; above; on top of a surface

ท้องถนน

thóng-thà-nǒn — the street; the road; public road surface area

มา

maa — to come; directional particle indicating movement toward

ตั้งแต่

tâng-tàe — since; from a starting point in time onward

ต้น

tôn — beginning; origin; start; also classifier for trees

หยุด

yùt — to stop; to halt; to cease an activity

ฉีก

chîik — to tear; to rip apart with force

เป็น

pen — to be; to become; linking verb in Thai

ชิ้นๆ

chín chín — piece by piece; into small torn fragments

แต่

tàe — but; however; a contrastive conjunction

พา

phaa — to take someone; to lead or bring along

ประตู

prà-tuu — door; gate; an entrance or exit point

เรา

rao — we; us; first-person plural pronoun

สอง

sǒong — two; the number 2

คน

khon — person; people; classifier for human beings

ชั้น

chán — floor; level; layer; storey of a building

สุด

sùt — most; utmost; the extreme end of something

ของ

khǒong — of; belonging to; possessive particle in Thai

บ้าน

bâan — house; home; a residential dwelling place

สูง

sǔung — tall; high; elevated in height or level

ลาน

laan — courtyard; open yard; a flat open space

เงียบ

ngîap — quiet; silent; without noise or disturbance

สงัด

sà-ngàt — very quiet; absolutely still; profound silence

น่า

nâa — worthy of; likely to; precedes adjectives for probability

ใคร

khrai — who; anyone; used in questions about a person

ได้ยิน

dâai-yin — to hear; to perceive sound with one's ears

ขอพร

khǒo-phon — to ask for a blessing; to pray for good fortune

กำลัง

gam-lang — strength; energy; present progressive tense marker

กาย

gaai — body; physical form of a living being

พอ

phoo — enough; sufficient; just as; when

ขณะ

khà-nà — moment; while; during a specific point in time

ทุก

thúk — every; all; each without exception

นาที

naa-thii — minute; a unit of time equal to sixty seconds

ค่า

khâa — value; price; worth; cost of something

แสน

sǎen — one hundred thousand; extremely; very much

สำหรับ

sǎm-ràp — for; intended for; in preparation for someone

รัก

rák — to love; love; deep affection for someone

พุ่ง

phûng — to dart; to lunge; to rush forward suddenly

ด้วย

dûai — with; also; by means of; as well

สัญชาตญาณ

sǎn-châat-yaan — instinct; innate natural impulse or reaction

คว้า

khwâa — to grab; to snatch; to seize quickly

เธอ

thooe — she; her; you; informal second or third person pronoun

รอบ

rôop — around; surrounding; encircling something completely

เอว

eo — waist; the narrow middle part of the body

แขน

khǎen — arm; the upper limb of the human body

ทั้ง

tháng — both; all; entire; inclusive of everything mentioned

ข้าง

khâang — side; beside; flank; one side of something

กอด

gòot — to hug; to embrace; to hold someone closely

รัด

rát — to bind; to squeeze tightly; to constrict firmly

แน่น

nâen — tight; firm; secure; closely packed together

การ

gaan — act of; process of; nominalizer for actions

ดิ้นรน

dîn-ron — to struggle; to writhe; to strive desperately

ต่อสู้

tòo-sûu — to fight; to struggle against; to resist forcefully

ไร้ผล

rái-phǒn — fruitless; futile; producing no result or effect

ความ

khwaam — abstract noun prefix; state or quality of something

เหนียวแน่น

nǐao-nâen — tenacious; firm; stubbornly tight or steadfast

อัน

an — a; one; general classifier for various objects

เข้มแข็ง

khêm-khǎeng — strong; robust; resilient in character or body

ซึ่ง

sûeng — which; that; a relative pronoun connecting clauses

แข็งแกร่ง

khǎeng-grâeng — tough; physically strong; powerful and sturdy

กว่า

gwàa — more than; comparative marker in Thai

เกลียดชัง

glìat-chang — to hate intensely; to detest; strong hostile feeling

เสมอ

sà-mooe — always; ever; equal; consistently without exception

ถึง

thǔeng — to reach; until; up to; arriving at a point

ยก

yók — to lift; to raise; to elevate something upward

ขึ้น

khûen — up; to rise; directional particle indicating upward movement

พื้น

phúuen — floor; ground; surface; the flat base of a room

ระหว่าง

rá-wàang — between; among; during; in the middle of

เกิด

gèrt — to occur; to be born; to happen or arise

มือ

muue — hand; the end part of the human arm

ตี

tii — to hit; to strike; to beat with force

ข่วน

khùan — to scratch; to claw at with fingernails or claws

ใบหน้า

bai-nâa — face; the front part of the human head

ก้ม

gôm — to bow; to bend the head or body downward

หัว

hǔa — head; the top part of the human body

ลง

long — down; to descend; directional particle indicating downward movement

เกาะ

gòr — to cling; to hold on; to grip tightly onto

ติด

tìt — to stick; to be attached; to be close together

ยิ่ง

yîng — even more; increasingly; to a greater degree

หญิง

yǐng — woman; female; a female human being

จม

jom — to sink; to submerge; to go under water

น้ำ

nám — water; liquid; a clear essential natural substance

เสีย

sǐa — to lose; broken; ruined; aspect particle of loss

อีก

ìik — more; again; another; additionally occurring