A Tale of Two Cities — Page 8

Vocabulary

เรา

rao — First person pronoun meaning 'we' or 'I'

คือ

khue — To be; used to equate or define subjects

การ

kan — Prefix nominalizing verbs into abstract nouns

คืนชีพ

khuen chiip — Resurrection; returning to life after death

และ

lae — Conjunction meaning 'and'; connects words or clauses

ชีวิต

chiiwit — Life; one's existence or living state

พระเจ้า

phra chao — God; the divine supreme being

ตรัส

trat — Royal or divine speech; to speak formally

ว่า

waa — That; introduces reported speech or clauses

ผู้

phuu — Person; prefix indicating a person who does something

ที่

thii — Relative pronoun or place marker meaning 'that' or 'at'

เชื่อ

chuea — To believe or trust in someone or something

ใน

nai — Preposition meaning 'in' or 'within'

แม้

mae — Even though; concessive conjunction introducing contrast

เขา

khao — Third person pronoun meaning 'he,' 'she,' or 'they'

จะ

cha — Future tense marker indicating intention or prediction

ตาย

taai — To die; to cease living

ไป

pai — To go; also directional particle meaning 'away'

แล้ว

laeo — Already; indicates completed action or past event

ก็

ko — Then; also; particle connecting conditions and results

มี

mii — To have; to exist; there is/are

อีก

iik — Again; another; more; additionally

ครั้ง

khrang — Time; instance; counter for occurrences or events

ใด

dai — Any; which; interrogative or indefinite pronoun

อยู่

yuu — To stay; to be located; continuous aspect marker

ไม่

mai — Negation particle meaning 'not' or 'no'

วัน

wan — Day; a unit of time equal to 24 hours

เลย

loei — At all; ever; emphasizes negation or extent

เสียง

siang — Sound; voice; noise made by people or things

พึมพำ

phuem pham — To mumble or murmur quietly under one's breath

ของ

khong — Of; belonging to; possessive particle in Thai

ผู้คน

phuu khon — People; a group of human beings collectively

มากมาย

maak maai — Many; a great number or large amount

เงย

ngoei — To raise or lift one's face upward

หน้า

naa — Face; front; also next or page

ขึ้น

khuen — To go up; rise; directional particle upward

ใบหน้า

bai naa — Face; the front part of the human head

นับ

nap — To count; to number items in a sequence

ถ้วน

thuan — Complete; every single one; without exception

เบียด

biat — To press or squeeze closely against others

เสียด

siat — To jostle; rub tightly against in a crowd

เท้า

thao — Foot; the lower extremity of the leg

หลาย

laai — Many; several; more than two of something

คู่

khuu — Pair; couple; two matched items together

ชาย

chaai — Male; man; the masculine gender

ขอบ

khop — Edge; border; rim of something

ฝูงชน

fuung chon — Crowd; a large group of gathered people

จน

chon — Until; to the point of; also means 'poor'

มัน

man — It; third person pronoun for objects or animals

พุ่ง

phung — To surge; dart or shoot forward rapidly

ทะลัก

thalak — To burst or gush forth suddenly in volume

ข้างหน้า

khaang naa — Ahead; in front; the forward direction

เป็น

pen — To be; indicates state, identity, or condition

กลุ่ม

klum — Group; cluster of people or things together

ก้อน

kon — Lump; mass; chunk of a substance

คลื่น

khluuen — Wave; undulating movement of water or energy

น้ำ

naam — Water; liquid essential for life

ลูก

luuk — Child; offspring; also classifier for round objects

ใหญ่

yai — Big; large; great in size or importance

ทั้งหมด

thang mot — All; everything; the entire total amount

นั้น

nan — That; those; demonstrative pronoun for distant referents

เลือน

luean — To fade; become blurred or indistinct gradually

หาย

haai — To disappear; vanish; also to recover from illness

ยี่สิบ

yii sip — Twenty; the number 20

สาม

saam — Three; the number 3

พวกเขา

phuak khao — They; them; a group of people referred to

พูด

phuut — To speak; to talk; to say something

ถึง

thueng — To reach; until; about; regarding something

ทั่ว

thua — Throughout; all over; everywhere in an area

เมือง

mueang — City; town; country or region

คืน

khuen — Night; also means to return something back

นั่น

nan — That; that thing over there; pointing to something

ผู้ชาย

phuu chaai — Man; male person; adult male human being

สงบสุข

sa-ngop suk — Peaceful; tranquil; in a state of calm contentment

ที่สุด

thii sut — Most; superlative marker indicating the highest degree

เท่า

thao — Equal; as much as; to the same degree

เคย

khoei — Ever; used to; experienced something before

พบ

phop — To meet; to find; to encounter someone or something

เห็น

hen — To see; to perceive visually; to notice

คน

khon — Person; human being; classifier for people

เสริม

soem — To add to; supplement; enhance or complement something

ดู

duu — To look; to watch; to observe something

สง่างาม

sa-ngaa ngaam — Dignified; graceful; stately in appearance or manner

ดัง

dang — Loud; famous; as; like; as predicted

ทำนาย

tham naai — To prophesy; to predict future events or outcomes

หนึ่ง

nueng — One; the number 1; a single unit

ต้อง

tong — Must; have to; indicates necessity or obligation

ทน

thon — To endure; to tolerate; to bear difficulty

ทุกข์

thuk — Suffering; distress; pain or sorrow experienced

ทรมาน

tho-ra-maan — To torment; to suffer great pain or agony

อย่าง

yaang — Way; manner; type; like; in the manner of

น่า

naa — Worth; worthy of; prefix expressing desirability

จดจำ

chot cham — To remember; to memorize; to retain in memory

จาก

chaak — From; away from; departing a place or source

ขวาน

khwaan — Axe; a tool used for chopping wood

เล่ม

lem — Classifier for books, blades, and elongated objects

เดียวกัน

diao kan — The same; identical; one and the same thing

ซึ่ง

sueng — Which; that; relative pronoun connecting clauses

ผู้หญิง

phuu ying — Woman; female person; adult female human being

ได้

dai — Can; able to; also past tense marker

ขอร้อง

kho rong — To plead; to beg; to earnestly request something

เชิง

choeng — Foot of; aspect of; manner; base of something

นั่งร้าน

nang raan — Scaffold; temporary platform structure for construction work

นาน

naan — Long time; for a long duration of time

ก่อน

kon — Before; prior to; earlier in time or order

นี้

nii — This; these; demonstrative pronoun for nearby referents

ขอ

kho — To ask for; to request; to seek permission

ให้

hai — To give; to allow; causative or purpose marker

อนุญาต

a-nu-yaat — To permit; to allow; to grant official permission

เธอ

thoe — She; her; informal second person pronoun 'you'

จด

chot — To jot down; to write or record briefly

บันทึก

ban thuek — To record; to note down; a written record

ความคิด

khwaam khit — Thought; idea; opinion held in one's mind

แรง

raeng — Strong; hard; force; strength or intensity

บันดาลใจ

ban-daan jai — Inspiration; a feeling that motivates creative action

แก่

kae — To; for; old; elderly; gives something to someone

หาก

haak — If; in the event that; conditional conjunction

เอ่ย

oei — To utter; to mention; to begin speaking something

ตน

ton — Oneself; reflexive pronoun referring to the subject

ออก

ok — To exit; to come out; directional particle outward

มา

maa — To come; directional particle toward the speaker

เหล่า

lao — Group; those; plural marker for nouns

คำ

kham — Word; spoken unit of language or speech

คง

khong — Probably; likely; remains; presumably so

ฉัน

chan — I; me; informal first person singular pronoun

คลาย

khlaai — To loosen; to relax; to release tension or tightness

แก้แค้น

kae khaen — To take revenge; to retaliate for a wrong done

คณะ

kha-na — Group; committee; faculty; panel of people

ลูกขุน

luuk khun — Jury; a group deciding guilt in court trials

พิพากษา

phi-phak-saa — To judge; to pass a verdict in court

แถว

thaeo — Row; line; queue of people or objects

ยาว

yaao — Long; lengthy in measurement or duration

กดขี่

kot khii — To oppress; to suppress others through power or force

ใหม่

mai — New; fresh; recently made or started

ผงาด

pha-ngaat — To rise up; to stand tall prominently and powerfully

บน

bon — On; above; on top of a surface

ซาก

saak — Ruins; remains; wreckage of something destroyed

เก่า

kao — Old; aged; worn from long use or time

กำลัง

kam-lang — Currently; in the process of; strength or power

พินาศ

phi-naat — Ruin; destruction; total collapse or devastation

ด้วย

duai — Also; with; by means of; too; as well

เครื่องมือ

khrueang mue — Tool; instrument; device used to accomplish tasks

แห่ง

haeng — Of; at; classifier for places or institutions

ลงโทษ

long thot — To punish; to impose a penalty for wrongdoing

หยุด

yut — To stop; to cease an action or movement

ใช้งาน

chai ngaan — To use; to operate; to put something to work

ยุค

yuk — Era; age; a distinct period of historical time

ปัจจุบัน

pat-chu-ban — Present; current; the time existing right now