Beowulf: An Anglo-Saxon Epic Poem — Page 3

Vocabulary

သို့သော်

thoe.thaw — However; used to introduce a contrasting statement

တစ်ခါတစ်ရံ

tit.kha tit.yan — Sometimes; occasionally; not always

၌

hnait — In; at; locative particle indicating location

သူသည်

thu. shi — He/she is; third person subject marker

ကဗျာ

ka.bya — Poetry; a poem or verse composition

ကို

ko — Object marker particle; towards; accusative case

လေ့လာ

leh.la — To study; to learn; to investigate something

သော

thaw — Relative clause particle; that; which; who

သူများ

thu. mya: — They; those people; plural third person pronoun

၏

ei — Possessive particle; of; belonging to someone

ဝေဖန်

we.fan — To criticize; to critique; to review something

ချက်

hjet — Point; aspect; item; a specific detail

များ

mya: — Plural marker; many; more than one

မှ

hma — From; since; ablative particle indicating origin

ကိုးကား

ko:.ka: — To quote; to cite; to reference a source

ထားသော

hta: thaw — That has been placed or done; existing state

ပြင်ဆင်

pyin.sin — To prepare; to fix; to arrange or edit

မှု

hmu — Nominalizer suffix; act of; instance of action

ထဲသို့

hteh. thoe. — Into; going inside something; directed inward

မိမိ

mi.mi — Oneself; reflexive pronoun; one's own self

ကိုယ်ပိုင်

ko.pine — Own; personal; belonging to oneself exclusively

ခန့်မှန်း

hkan. hmhan: — To estimate; to approximate; to predict roughly

တစ်ခု

tit.hku — One thing; a single item or unit

ထပ်မံ

htat.man — Again; additionally; once more; further

ဖြည့်စွက်

phyet.swet — To add; to supplement; to fill in additionally

ခဲ့သည်

kheh. shi — Past tense marker; did; has done previously

ဤ

i — This; demonstrative pronoun for nearby referent

စာပေ

sa.peh — Literature; written works; literary tradition

လက်ရာ

let.ya — Work; creation; a crafted or artistic piece

သည်

shi — Present tense or topic marker particle; is

စာဖတ်သူ

sa. hpat.thu. — Reader; one who reads written material

နှစ်မျိုး

hnit.myo: — Two kinds; two types of something

ဦးတည်

u:.ti — To aim at; to target; to be directed toward

ရေးသား

yeh:.tha: — To write; to compose a piece of writing

ထားသည်

hta: shi — Has been placed; indicates completed ongoing state

စလုံး

sa.lone: — Both; all of them; every one included

ထံမှ

htan hma — From someone; originating from a person

ဘာသာပြန်သူ

batha. pyan thu. — Translator; one who translates between languages

နားလည်

na: leh — To understand; to comprehend something clearly

နှင့်

hnin. — And; with; together with; conjunction particle

ပူးပေါင်း

pu:.paung: — To cooperate; to collaborate; to join together

ဆောင်ရွက်

saung ywei — To carry out; to perform; to undertake a task

တောင်းဆို

taung: so — To request; to demand; to ask for something

လျက်ရှိ

lyet shi — Is in the process of; currently doing something

အင်္ဂလို

in.ga.lo — Anglo; relating to English or Anglo-Saxon culture

ပညာရှင်

pyin.nya.shin — Scholar; expert; learned or knowledgeable person

မူရင်း

mu.yin: — Original; the source version of a text or work

ကျမ်း

kyam: — Text; scripture; an authoritative written work

အား

a: — To; for; indirect object marker; dative particle

သစ္စာ

thit.sa — Loyalty; faithfulness; truth; fidelity to something

ဆောင်

saung — To carry; to bear; to convey or bring along

ကာ

ka — While; as; continuative verbal particle

လိုက်နာ

lait.na — To follow; to comply; to adhere to rules

ခြင်း

chin: — Nominalizing suffix; the act or fact of doing

ဖြင့်

phyin. — With; by means of; instrumental case particle

နှစ်သိမ့်

hnit.thein. — To comfort; to console; to soothe someone

ပျော်ရွှင်

pyaw ywin — Happy; joyful; cheerful; feeling of delight

စေရမည်

seh ya.mi — Must cause to; shall make something happen

ဟု

hu — Quotation particle; saying that; according to

မျှော်လင့်

myaw.lin. — To hope; to expect; to look forward to something

အင်္ဂလိပ်

in.ga.lait — English; relating to England or English language

သူ

thu. — He; she; third person singular pronoun

ကျွန်ုပ်တို့

kya.nout.to. — We; us; first person plural pronoun (formal)

လူမျိုး

lu.myo: — Ethnicity; race; a group of people by origin

အထွေထွေ

a.thweh.thweh — General; various; miscellaneous; not specific

အကျ

a.kya — Fall; descent; decline; going downward

ဆုံး

zone: — End; finish; most; superlative or concluding point

ပုံပြင်

pone.pyin — Story; tale; narrative; a fictional account

ခေတ်သစ်

khet.thit — Modern era; new age; contemporary times

အသွင်

a.thwin — Form; appearance; manner; guise or style

ပေးအပ်

peh.at — To give; to hand over; to grant something

စိတ်ဝင်တစား

sait.win.da.za: — Interesting; engaging; arousing curiosity or interest

ဖြစ်စေရန်

phyit.seh yan — In order to make happen; so as to cause

ရည်မှန်း

yi.hmhan: — To aim; to intend; to have a goal or aspiration

သည်မှာ

shi hma — That is; which is; emphasizing what something is

ရဲဝံ့

yeh.wan. — Brave; courageous; daring; willing to face danger

ပြီး

pyi: — After; already; completion marker; finished

စွန့်စား

swun.za: — To risk; to venture; to take a chance boldly

ကြီး

kyi: — Big; great; large; of significant size or importance

လုပ်ငန်း

lote.ngan: — Work; business; task; an undertaking or enterprise

ဆောင်တာ

saung ta — Carrying out; performing; the act of doing

ဖြစ်သည်

phyit.shi — Is; to be; indicates a state or identity

သို့သော်လည်း

thoe.thaw leh: — However; nevertheless; yet; despite that

ရာဇဝင်

ya.za.win — History; chronicle; historical record of events

အနက်

a.net — Meaning; definition; interpretation of a word

ဝမ်းနည်း

wan:neh: — Sad; sorrowful; feeling grief or unhappiness

ရဲဘော်

yeh.baw — Comrade; fellow warrior; companion in arms

ရဲရင့်

yeh.yin. — Bold; courageous; fearless in facing challenges

ဘိုးဘေး

bo:.beh: — Ancestors; forefathers; those from previous generations

ကနဦး

ka.na.u: — Initial; earliest; first; at the very beginning

နေရပ်

neh.yat — Homeland; residence; place where one lives

၎င်းတို့

tine.to. — They; those; third person plural formal pronoun

နှလုံးသား

hnalone:tha: — Heart; innermost feelings; emotions of a person

လှုပ်ရှား

hlote.sha: — To move; to be active; to stir; to be dynamic

စေခဲ့

seh kheh. — Caused to; made someone do; past causative

ခံစား

khan.za: — To feel; to experience; to sense emotionally

စကားလုံး

za.ga:.lone: — Word; vocabulary item; a unit of language

ဖတ်ရှု

hpat.shu — To read; to peruse written material carefully

နိုင်ပါက

nain. pa. ka — If able to; if one can; conditional capability

လမ်းညွှန်

lan: nwan — Guide; guideline; to direct or show the way

တစ်ဦး

tit.u: — One person; a single individual

ကိုပင်

ko pin — Even; emphasizing the object being referred to

လိုက်ပါ

lait.pa — To follow; to accompany; to go along with

ရန်

yan — In order to; for the purpose of; purpose marker

ဆန္ဒ

san.da — Desire; wish; will; aspiration toward something

ရှိ

shi — To have; to exist; there is; existence marker

ရှိကြ

shi kya — They have; they exist; plural existence marker

မည်

mi — Future tense marker; will; shall; going to

ပိုမို

po.mo — More; increasingly; to a greater degree

များပြား

mya: pya: — Numerous; abundant; in great quantity or number

စေရန်

seh yan — In order to cause; so as to make happen

ပုံမှန်

pone.hman — Normal; regular; usual; standard or ordinary

တူညီ

tu.nyi — Same; equal; identical; to be alike or uniform

ဂီတ

gi.ta — Music; musical art; the art of musical sound

လှိုင်း

hlain: — Wave; surge; rhythm; undulating movement or pattern

အတက်

a.tet — Rise; ascent; going up; advancement upward

အသုံးပြု

a.thone:pyu — To use; to make use of; to utilize something

ထားပြီး

hta: pyi: — Having already placed or done; completed state

ထို

hto — That; those; demonstrative pronoun for distant referent

တိုင်းတာ

tine: ta — To measure; to gauge; to assess or evaluate

မရှိမဖြစ်

ma.shi ma.phyit — Indispensable; absolutely necessary; cannot do without

ဝိသေသ

wi.theh.tha — Special; particular; distinctive; characteristic feature

တို့

to. — Plural marker for pronouns; we; they; us

ထိန်းသိမ်း

htein: thein: — To preserve; to maintain; to keep and protect

ထားနိုင်

hta: nain. — Able to keep or place; capability of maintaining

ရင်း

yin: — While; as; source; at the same time doing

တစ်ဖက်

tit.hpet — On one side; one aspect; another direction

မှာ

hma — At; in; locative particle; also topic marker

ရာ

ya — Hundred; also a nominalizer or place marker

ရှေ့ဆက်

sheh. set — To continue forward; to proceed; to carry on

မည့်

mi. — Future relative marker; that will; about to be

အရာ

a.ya — Thing; matter; object; a particular item or affair

ကြိုမြင်

kyo. myin — To foresee; to anticipate; to see in advance

နိုင်ရန်

nain. yan — In order to be able; so as to succeed

ခွင့်ပြု

khwin. pyu — To allow; to permit; to grant permission

ဖြစ်နိုင်

phyit.nain. — Possible; able to happen; could be or occur

တိုင်း

tine: — Every; each; all; throughout; every time or place

မည်သို့

mi thoe. — How; in what way; by what manner

ဘာသာပြန်

batha. pyan — To translate; translation between two languages

သင့်သည်

thine. shi — Should; ought to; it is appropriate to do

ဆိုသည့်

so shi. — Called; known as; that which is said to be

အပေါ်

a.pau — On; above; upon; regarding; concerning something

မိမိပိုင်

mi.mi pine — One's own possession; personally owned or controlled

သီအိုရီ

thi.o.ri — Theory; a systematic framework of ideas or concepts

ရှိနေ

shi neh — Is present; exists continuously; is currently there

အချို့

a.cho. — Some; a few; certain ones among a group

ကြီးမြတ်

kyi: myat — Great; noble; distinguished; of elevated importance

ယူဆ

yu.sa — To assume; to think; to hold an opinion

ထံ

htan — To; toward a person; near someone; dative person

ခဲ့ကြ

kheh. kya — They did; past tense plural action marker

ရိုသေ

yo.theh — To respect; to revere; to show deference

လေးစား

leh:za: — To respect; to esteem; to hold in high regard

ပထမဆုံး

pa.hta.ma zone: — First of all; the very first; earliest among all

မဟာကဗျာ

ma.ha.ka.bya — Epic poem; a great lengthy narrative poem

တရားမျှတ

ta.ya: hmya.ta — Fair; just; equitable; righteous and balanced

စွာ

swa — Adverbial suffix; in a manner of; -ly suffix

ခေါ်ဆို

khaw so — To call; to name; to refer to as something

ခံထိုက်

khan. htite — To deserve; to be worthy of; to merit something

ဆိုသည်

so shi — Says; it is said; indicates reported speech

ပညာ

pyin.nya — Knowledge; wisdom; education; learning and intellect

မတတ်

ma.tat — Unable; not capable; lacking skill or ability

ပြသ

pya.tha — To show; to display; to demonstrate or exhibit

ပျက်ကွက်

pyet.kwet — To fail; to neglect; to miss an obligation

ဆိုခြင်း

so chin: — The act of saying; saying that; the saying of

နှိမ့်ချ

hnein. hja — To belittle; to demean; to look down upon someone

ဖြစ်ပါ

phyit.pa — Is; please be; polite assertion or confirmation

သလား

tha.la: — Question particle; is it?; are you?; yes or no