Beyond Good and Evil — Page 3

Vocabulary

なぜなら

nazenara — because; the reason being that

まず

mazu — first of all; to begin with

第

dai — prefix indicating ordinal numbers

一

ichi / hito — the number one

に

ni — particle indicating direction, time, or purpose

対立

tairitsu — opposition; conflict; confrontation between two sides

命題

meidai — proposition; thesis; problem to be addressed

が

ga — subject-marking particle in Japanese grammar

存在

sonzai — existence; being; presence of something

する

suru — to do; to perform an action

か

ka — question particle; or; whether

どう

dō — how; in what way

疑わしく

utagawashiku — doubtfully; in a suspicious or questionable manner

二

ni / futa — the number two

形而上学

keijijōgaku — metaphysics; branch of philosophy studying abstract reality

者

sha / mono — person; one who does something

たち

tachi — plural suffix for people or beings

その

sono — that; the (referring to something previously mentioned)

刻印

kokuin — stamp; seal; imprint; brand mark

を

wo / o — object-marking particle in Japanese grammar

押し

oshi — pushing; pressing; stamping

て

te — conjunctive particle linking verbs or clauses

き

ki — auxiliary indicating completed past action

た

ta — past tense auxiliary verb marker

通俗

tsūzoku — popular; common; vulgar; ordinary and accessible

的

teki — suffix meaning '-ic', '-al', or '-like'

な

na — adjectival linking particle; negative imperative

価値

kachi — value; worth; merit of something

評価

hyōka — evaluation; assessment; appraisal of value

や

ya — particle listing examples; and; or

の

no — possessive or nominalizing particle

おそらく

osoraku — probably; perhaps; most likely

は

wa — topic-marking particle in Japanese grammar

ただ

tada — merely; only; just; for free

表面

hyōmen — surface; face; outward appearance of something

見積もり

mitsumori — estimate; assessment; rough calculation

過ぎ

sugi — too much; excessive; passing beyond a limit

ず

zu — negative auxiliary; without doing (classical)

単なる

tannaru — mere; simple; nothing more than

暫定

zantei — provisional; temporary; tentative arrangement

視点

shiten — viewpoint; perspective; point of view

ない

nai — not; does not exist; negative form

で

de — particle indicating place, means, or reason

しかも

shikamo — moreover; furthermore; and yet

ある

aru — to exist; to be; to have (inanimate)

片隅

katasumi — corner; nook; out-of-the-way place

から

kara — from; because; after; particle of origin

い

i — verb stem of いる; to be (animate)

下方

kahō — lower direction; downward; below

作ら

tsukura — stem of 作る; to make, create

れ

re — passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix

もの

mono — thing; object; matter; something

画家

gaka — painter; artist who paints pictures

間

aida / ma / kan — between; among; interval; space

流通

ryūtsū — circulation; distribution; flow of goods or ideas

し

shi — conjunctive verb form; and; moreover

いる

iru — to be; to exist (for animate beings)

表現

hyōgen — expression; representation; manner of conveying meaning

借りれ

karire — conditional form of 借りる; to borrow

ば

ba — conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'when'

いわば

iwaba — so to speak; as it were; in a sense

蛙

kaeru — frog; small amphibian living near water

と

to — particle meaning 'and', 'with', or quotation marker

疑う

utagau — to doubt; to suspect; to question something

こと

koto — thing; fact; matter (abstract nominalizer)

できる

dekiru — to be able to; to be possible; can do

真

shin / makoto — truth; genuine; real; authentic

なる

naru — to become; to be (classical attributive form)

積極

sekkyoku — positivity; proactiveness; affirmative attitude

そして

soshite — and then; and; moreover; after that

無私

mushi — selflessness; unselfishness; absence of self-interest

属する

zokusuru — to belong to; to be affiliated with

も

mo — also; too; even; as well (particle)

しれ

shire — conditional form of しれる; may be; might

あらゆる

arayuru — all; every; any kind of thing

かかわら

kawara — stem of にかかわらず; regardless of; despite

見せかけ

misekake — pretense; appearance; facade; show

妄想

mōsō — delusion; fantasy; wild or baseless imagination

へ

e — directional particle meaning 'to' or 'toward'

意志

ishi — will; volition; intention; determination

利己

riko — selfishness; self-interest; egoism

心

kokoro / shin — heart; mind; spirit; feelings; soul

貪欲

don'yoku — greed; avarice; insatiable desire for more

対し

taishi — toward; against; in contrast to (対する)

生

sei / nama / sho — life; living; raw; birth

全般

zenpan — overall; in general; all aspects of something

とって

totte — for; from the standpoint of (にとって)

より

yori — than; from; more (comparative particle)

高く

takaku — highly; at a high level; expensively

根本

konpon — root; foundation; basis; fundamental principle

与え

atae — stem of 与える; to give; to grant

られる

rareru — passive/potential auxiliary; can be; is given

べき

beki — should; ought to; must (obligation marker)

可能

kanō — possible; feasible; capable of being done

性

sei / sho — suffix for nature, quality, or possibility

それどころ

soredokoro — far from it; on the contrary; even more so

それら

sorera — those (things); those items previously mentioned

善く

yoku — well; in a good manner; virtuously

尊ば

tattoba — conditional of 尊ぶ; to respect, revere

れる

reru — passive auxiliary verb suffix; is done to

構成

kōsei — composition; structure; making up of something

まさに

masani — exactly; precisely; certainly; just as expected

これら

korera — these (things); referring to nearby items

悪しき

ashiki — evil; bad; wicked (classical attributive form)

一見

ikken — at first glance; apparently; on the surface

事物

jibutsu — things; matters; objects and affairs collectively

陰険

inken — sinister; underhanded; treacherous; sly and malicious

関係

kankei — relationship; connection; involvement; relevance

結び

musubi — tying; binding; ending; connection

つき

tsuki — attached to; per; stem of つく (to be linked)

絡み合っ

karamiat(te) — intertwined; entangled with each other

本質

honshitsu — essence; true nature; fundamental character

同一

dōitsu — identical; the same; one and the same

さえ

sae — even; as long as; if only (emphasis particle)

しかし

shikashi — however; but; nevertheless; yet

誰

dare — who; which person; someone

そのような

sono yōna — such; that kind of; like that

危険

kiken — danger; risk; hazardous situation

関わり

kakawari — involvement; connection; relationship with something

たい

tai — desiderative suffix meaning 'want to do'

思う

omou — to think; to feel; to believe

だろう

darō — probably; I suppose; right? (conjecture)

探究

tankyū — investigation; inquiry; pursuit of knowledge

ため

tame — for the sake of; in order to; because of

これまで

koremade — until now; up to this point; so far

支配

shihai — domination; control; rule over something

あった

atta — past tense of ある; there was; existed

逆

gyaku / saka — reverse; opposite; contrary; inverse

別

betsu — different; separate; another; distinction

趣味

shumi — hobby; taste; interest; aesthetic preference

傾向

keikō — tendency; trend; inclination toward something

持つ

motsu — to have; to hold; to possess something

新た

arata — new; fresh; newly; anew

種類

shurui — type; kind; sort; category of things

哲学

tetsugaku — philosophy; love of wisdom; philosophical study

到来

tōrai — arrival; advent; coming of something new

待た

mata — stem of 待つ; to wait for something

なけれ

nakere — conditional negative; must; unless (ば follows)

なら

nara — if; in that case; speaking of (conditional)

意味

imi — meaning; significance; sense of something

おける

okeru — in; at; concerning (literary locative expression)

真剣

shinken — serious; earnest; in dead earnest

語る

kataru — to speak; to tell; to narrate a story

私

watashi / watakushi — I; me; first-person pronoun

新しい

atarashii — new; fresh; novel; recently made or arrived

現れ

araware — appearance; manifestation; emergence of something

始め

hajime — beginning; start; to begin doing something

見える

mieru — to appear; to seem; to be visible

三

san / mi — the number three