Beyond Good and Evil — Page 4

English → Japanese CHAPTER I. PREJUDICES OF PHILOSOPHERS Level 9/10

Having kept a sharp eye on philosophers, and having read between their lines long enough, I now say to myself that the greater part of conscious thinking must be counted among the instinctive functions, and it is so even in the case of philosophical thinking; one has here to learn anew, as one learned anew about heredity and "innateness."

哲学者たちを鋭く観察し、その行間を十分に読み続けてきた結果、私は今、意識的思考の大部分は本能的機能の中に数えられなければならないと自分自身に言い聞かせている。そしてそれは哲学的思考の場合においても同様である。ここでは、遺伝と「生得性」について改めて学んだように、人は改めて学ばなければならない。

As little as the act of birth comes into consideration in the whole process and procedure of heredity, just as little is "being-conscious" OPPOSED to the instinctive in any decisive sense; the greater part of the conscious thinking of a philosopher is secretly influenced by his instincts, and forced into definite channels.

出生という行為が遺伝の全過程と手続きにおいてほとんど考慮されないのと同様に、「意識であること」も決定的な意味では本能に対立するものではない。哲学者の意識的思考の大部分は、密かに彼の本能によって影響を受け、一定の方向へと強制されている。

And behind all logic and its seeming sovereignty of movement, there are valuations, or to speak more plainly, physiological demands, for the maintenance of a definite mode of life For example, that the certain is worth more than the uncertain, that illusion is less valuable than "truth" such valuations, in spite of their regulative importance for US, might notwithstanding be only superficial valuations, special kinds of _niaiserie_, such as may be necessary for the maintenance of beings such as ourselves.

そしてあらゆる論理と、その運動の見かけ上の主権の背後には、一定の生の様式を維持するための価値評価、あるいはより平易に言えば、生理学的要求が存在する。たとえば、確実なものは不確実なものより価値があるとか、幻想は「真理」より価値が低いといった価値評価は、私たちにとっての規制的重要性にもかかわらず、表面的な価値評価に過ぎない可能性があり、私たち自身のような存在の維持に必要とされる特別な種類の愚かさ（niaiserie）かもしれない。

Supposing, in effect, that man is not just the "measure of things."

要するに、人間が単に「万物の尺度」ではないと仮定するならば。

4. The falseness of an opinion is not for us any objection to it: it is here, perhaps, that our new language sounds most strangely.

４．ある意見の虚偽性は、私たちにとってそれに対する異議申し立てにはならない。おそらくここにこそ、私たちの新しい言語が最も奇異に響く点がある。

Vocabulary

哲学者: tetsugakusha — A philosopher; one who studies philosophy professionally.
たち: tachi — Plural suffix indicating a group of people.
を: wo — Object marker particle in Japanese grammar.
鋭く: するどく — Sharply; keenly; with acute perception or insight.
観察: kansatsu — Observation; the act of carefully watching something.
その: sono — That; referring to something previously mentioned.
行間: gyōkan — Space between lines; reading between the lines.
十分: jūbun — Sufficient; enough; thoroughly; adequately.
に: ni — Particle indicating location, direction, time, or manner.
読み: yomi — Reading; the act of reading text or content.
続け: tsuzuke — Continue doing; keep on performing an action.
て: te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential or related actions.
た: ta — Past tense auxiliary verb indicating completed action.
結果: kekka — Result; outcome; consequence of an action or process.
私: watashi — I; first-person singular pronoun in Japanese.
は: wa — Topic marker particle indicating the sentence's main topic.
今: ima — Now; at this moment; currently; the present time.
意識: ishiki — Consciousness; awareness; being conscious of something.
的: teki — Suffix meaning '-like', '-ish', or '-al'; adjectival suffix.
思考: shikō — Thought; thinking; cognitive mental process or deliberation.
の: no — Possessive or nominalizing particle connecting nouns or clauses.
大部分: daibubun — The greater part; most of; the majority of something.
本能: honno — Instinct; innate natural impulse or drive in creatures.
機能: kinō — Function; capability; the role something performs.
中: naka — Inside; among; within; in the middle of something.
数え: kazoe — Counting; to count or enumerate items or elements.
られ: rare — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix in Japanese grammar.
なけれ: nakere — Conditional negative form; 'if not'; must/have to (with ば).
ば: ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'when' in Japanese.
なら: nara — Conditional form meaning 'if it is' or 'in that case'.
ない: nai — Negative auxiliary; indicates negation or absence of action.
と: to — Particle meaning 'and', 'with', or quotation marker.
自分: jibun — Oneself; one's own self; reflexive pronoun in Japanese.
自身: jishin — Oneself; emphasizes personal identity or individuality.
言い: ii — Saying; speaking; to say or tell (conjunctive form).
聞かせ: kikase — Making someone listen; telling oneself; self-persuasion.
いる: iru — To be; to exist (for animate beings); ongoing state.
そして: soshite — And then; furthermore; connecting sequential or added ideas.
それ: sore — That; referring to something previously mentioned or nearby.
哲学: tetsugaku — Philosophy; the academic study of fundamental questions.
場合: baai — Case; situation; circumstance; occasion when something occurs.
も: mo — Also; too; even; particle adding inclusion or emphasis.
同様: dōyō — Same; likewise; in the same way or manner.
で: de — Particle indicating means, location of action, or state.
ある: aru — To be; to exist; copula for inanimate objects or facts.
ここ: koko — Here; this place; referring to the current location or topic.
遺伝: iden — Heredity; genetic inheritance passed from parent to offspring.
生得: seitoku — Innate; inborn; natural quality present from birth.
性: sei — Suffix indicating nature, character, property, or gender.
つい: tsui — Unintentionally; inadvertently; just; concerning (about).
改め: aratame — Renewing; revising; reconsidering something anew or formally.
学ん: manan — Learned; studied; past conjunctive form of 'manabu'.
だ: da — Copula; informal form of 'desu' meaning 'is/are/am'.
よう: yō — Appearance; seeming; like; expresses resemblance or manner.
人: hito — Person; human being; people in general.
学ば: manaba — Conditional stem of 'learn'; base for 'if one learns'.
出生: shussho / shusshō — Birth; the event of being born into the world.
いう: iu — To say; to call; to be called; to be termed.
行為: kōi — Act; action; deed; deliberate human behavior or conduct.
が: ga — Subject marker particle; also marks contrast or emphasis.
全: zen — All; entire; whole; complete; prefix meaning 'total'.
過程: katei — Process; course of events; a series of progressive stages.
手続き: tetsuzuki — Procedure; process; formal steps required to accomplish something.
ほとんど: hotondo — Almost; mostly; nearly; the greater part of something.
考慮: kōryo — Consideration; taking something into account or deliberation.
さ: sa — Nominalizing suffix; also softens statements in conversation.
こと: koto — Thing; fact; matter; nominalizes verbs into noun phrases.
決定: kettei — Decision; determination; final resolution of a matter.
な: na — Adjectival copula suffix; or negative command particle.
意味: imi — Meaning; significance; the sense conveyed by something.
対立: tairitsu — Opposition; confrontation; standing in contrast or conflict.
する: suru — To do; to perform; versatile verb making nouns into verbs.
もの: mono — Thing; object; person; nominalizer with nuance of quality.
密か: hisoka — Secret; covert; done quietly without others knowing.
彼: kare — He; him; third-person masculine singular pronoun.
よっ: yot(te) — By means of; due to; because of (contraction of 'yotte').
影響: eikyō — Influence; effect; impact one thing has on another.
受け: uke — Receiving; accepting; undergoing an effect or influence.
一定: ittei — Fixed; constant; certain; a definite or set level.
方向: hōkō — Direction; course; the way something is headed or oriented.
へ: e — Directional particle meaning 'toward' or 'to' a destination.
強制: kyōsei — Compulsion; coercion; forcing someone to do something.
あらゆる: arayuru — All; every; any and all kinds of things or people.
論理: ronri — Logic; logical reasoning; systematic and rational argument.
運動: undō — Movement; motion; exercise; a campaign or social movement.
見かけ: mikake — Appearance; outward look; how something appears on the surface.
上: ue / jō — Above; on top; on the surface; in terms of.
主権: shuken — Sovereignty; supreme authority or power over a domain.
背後: haigo — Behind; the back; what lies in the background or rear.
生: sei / nama — Life; living; raw; birth; prefix meaning 'living' or 'natural'.
様式: yōshiki — Style; mode; pattern; a particular form or method.
維持: iji — Maintenance; preservation; keeping something in its current state.
ため: tame — For the sake of; purpose; benefit; because of.
価値: kachi — Value; worth; the importance or usefulness of something.
評価: hyōka — Evaluation; assessment; judging the value or quality of something.
より: yori — Than; from; compared to; more than (comparative particle).
平易: heii — Simple; plain; easy to understand; not complicated.
言え: ie — Potential or imperative form of 'iu'; can say; say it.
生理: seiri — Physiology; biological bodily functions; also menstruation.
学: gaku — Learning; study; academic discipline or field of knowledge.
要求: yōkyū — Demand; request; requirement; strongly asking for something.
存在: sonzai — Existence; being; presence; the state of existing.
たとえ: tatoe — Even if; even though; supposing that; hypothetically speaking.
確実: kakujitsu — Certain; definite; reliable; without doubt or uncertainty.
不確実: fukakujitsu — Uncertain; unreliable; not definite or guaranteed.
か: ka — Question particle; or; whether; marks interrogative sentences.
幻想: gensō — Illusion; fantasy; a false or imagined perception or belief.
真理: shinri — Truth; a fundamental and universal fact or principle.
低い: hikui — Low; short in height; inferior in rank or degree.
規制: kisei — Regulation; restriction; control imposed by rules or law.
重要: jūyō — Important; significant; of great consequence or value.
かかわら: kakawara — Regardless of; despite; notwithstanding (used with ず).
ず: zu — Classical negative suffix; without doing; not doing.
表面: hyōmen — Surface; the outer face or exterior of something.
過ぎ: sugi — Too much; exceeding; passing; going beyond a limit.
可能: kanō — Possible; feasible; capable of being done or achieved.
あり: ari — Existence; there is/are; conjunctive form of 'aru'.
必要: hitsuyō — Necessary; essential; required; something that must be done.
れる: reru — Passive or potential verb suffix indicating receiving or ability.
特別: tokubetsu — Special; particular; extraordinary; not ordinary or common.
種類: shurui — Kind; type; category; a class or variety of things.
愚か: oroka — Foolish; stupid; unwise; lacking good sense or judgment.
要する: yōsuru — To require; to need; to take (time or effort).
人間: ningen — Human being; mankind; a person as a social creature.
単: tan — Single; simple; mere; just one; prefix meaning 'simple'.
万物: banbutsu — All things; everything in the universe; all creation.
尺度: shakudo — Measure; standard; criterion used to evaluate something.
仮定: katei — Assumption; hypothesis; supposition taken as a starting point.
意見: iken — Opinion; view; one's thoughts or stance on a matter.
虚偽: kyogi — Falsehood; lie; something false or deceptive; untruth.
対する: taisuru — To face; to be directed at; in relation to something.
異議: igi — Objection; dissent; a challenge or protest against something.
申し立て: mōshitate — Complaint; formal claim; filing an objection or statement.
おそらく: osoraku — Probably; perhaps; most likely; expressing probability.
こそ: koso — Emphatic particle stressing the preceding word or phrase.
新しい: atarashii — New; novel; fresh; recently made or not existing before.
言語: gengo — Language; a system of communication using words or signs.
最も: mottomo — Most; the most; superlative degree marker in Japanese.
奇異: kii — Strange; odd; peculiar; strikingly unusual or bizarre.
響く: hibiku — To resound; to echo; to have an impact or ring out.
点: ten — Point; aspect; dot; a specific spot or particular matter.

← Previous Next →

Unlock audio playback, vocabulary games, and reading progress tracking.

Create free account →