Beyond Good and Evil — Page 5

English → Japanese CHAPTER I. PREJUDICES OF PHILOSOPHERS Level 9/10

The question is, how far an opinion is life-furthering, life-preserving, species-preserving, perhaps species-rearing, and we are fundamentally inclined to maintain that the falsest opinions (to which the synthetic judgments a priori belong), are the most indispensable to us, that without a recognition of logical fictions, without a comparison of reality with the purely IMAGINED world of the absolute and immutable, without a constant counterfeiting of the world by means of numbers, man could not live--that the renunciation of false opinions would be a renunciation of life, a negation of life.

問題は、ある意見がどこまで生を促進し、生を保存し、種を保存し、あるいは種を育成するものであるか、ということであり、われわれは根本的に、最も虚偽な意見（先験的な綜合判断もそれに属する）こそがわれわれにとって最も不可欠であり、論理的虚構を認識することなく、現実を絶対的かつ不変のものという純粋に想像された世界と比較することなく、数によって世界を絶えず偽造することなくしては、人間は生きられなかったであろう――虚偽の意見を放棄することは、生の放棄であり、生の否定であろうという考えを支持する傾向にある。

TO RECOGNISE UNTRUTH AS A CONDITION OF LIFE; that is certainly to impugn the traditional ideas of value in a dangerous manner, and a philosophy which ventures to do so, has thereby alone placed itself beyond good and evil.

非真理を生の条件として認識すること――それは確かに、価値に関する伝統的な観念を危険な仕方で論駁することであり、あえてそれを試みる哲学は、それだけですでに善悪の彼岸に身を置いたことになる。

That which causes philosophers to be regarded half-distrustfully and half-mockingly, is not the oft-repeated discovery how innocent they are--how often and easily they make mistakes and lose their way, in short, how childish and childlike they are,--but that there is not enough honest dealing with them, whereas they all raise a loud and virtuous outcry when the problem of truthfulness is even hinted at in the remotest manner.

哲学者たちが半ば不信の目で、半ば嘲りの目で見られる原因は、彼らがいかに無邪気であるか――いかにしばしばたやすく誤りを犯し、道に迷うか、要するにいかに幼稚で子供っぽいか――がくり返し発見されることではなく、彼らに対して十分に誠実に向き合おうとする姿勢が欠けているという点にある。それにもかかわらず、誠実さの問題がごくかすかにほのめかされるだけで、彼らは皆、声高に徳義を叫ぶのである。

Vocabulary

問題: mondai — Problem, issue, or question under discussion.
は: wa — Topic-marking grammatical particle in Japanese.
ある: aru — To exist, to be (for inanimate things).
意見: iken — Opinion, view, or personal judgment on something.
が: ga — Subject-marking grammatical particle in Japanese.
どこ: doko — Where; an interrogative word indicating location.
まで: made — Until, up to, as far as a point.
生: sei / nama — Life; living; raw or unprocessed state.
を: wo — Direct object-marking grammatical particle in Japanese.
促進: sokushin — Promotion, furtherance, acceleration of something.
し: shi — Conjunctive form of する; and/or connector.
保存: hozon — Preservation, conservation, or storage of something.
種: shu / tane — Species, kind, or variety; seed in biology.
あるいは: aruiwa — Or, alternatively; used to present another option.
育成: ikusei — Cultivation, nurturing, or development of something.
する: suru — To do; general-purpose action verb in Japanese.
もの: mono — Thing, object, or matter; nominalizing expression.
で: de — Particle indicating means, location of action, or cause.
か: ka — Question-marking sentence-final particle in Japanese.
という: to iu — Called, known as; used to quote or define something.
こと: koto — Thing, fact, or matter (abstract nominalizer).
あり: ari — Existence; classical/formal form of ある.
われわれ: wareware — We, us; first-person plural pronoun (formal).
根本: konpon — Root, foundation, fundamental basis of something.
的: teki — Suffix meaning '-ic', '-al', '-like' or pertaining to.
に: ni — Particle indicating direction, time, location, or target.
最も: mottomo — Most; superlative adverb in Japanese.
虚偽: kyogi — Falsehood, lie, untruth, or deception.
な: na — Adjectival suffix linking na-adjectives to nouns.
判断: handan — Judgment, decision, or assessment of a situation.
も: mo — Also, too; inclusive particle meaning 'even' or 'as well'.
それ: sore — That; demonstrative pronoun referring to something nearby.
属する: zokusuru — To belong to, to be classified under a category.
こそ: koso — Emphatic particle stressing the preceding word or phrase.
とって: totte — For, from the perspective of someone or something.
不可欠: fukaketsu — Indispensable, essential, absolutely necessary.
論理: ronri — Logic, reasoning, or logical structure.
虚構: kyokou — Fiction, fabrication, or something artificially constructed.
認識: ninshiki — Recognition, cognition, or understanding of something.
なく: naku — Without; negative conjunctive form of ない.
現実: genjitsu — Reality, actuality, the real world as it exists.
絶対: zettai — Absolute, unconditional; definitely, without exception.
かつ: katsu — And, moreover; conjunction linking two conditions simultaneously.
不変: fuhen — Invariable, unchanging, constant, or immutable.
の: no — Possessive or nominalizing particle in Japanese.
純粋: junsui — Pure, genuine, unadulterated; free from impurity.
想像: souzou — Imagination, fancy, or mental image of something.
さ: sa — Suffix nominalizing adjectives; or light filler particle.
れ: re — Passive/potential auxiliary verb suffix attached to verb stems.
た: ta — Past tense auxiliary; indicates completed action or state.
世界: sekai — World, universe, or sphere of existence.
と: to — Particle meaning 'with', 'and', or quotation marker.
比較: hikaku — Comparison, contrasting two or more things together.
数: suu / kazu — Number, numeral, or quantity of something.
によって: ni yotte — By means of, depending on, due to something.
絶えず: taezu — Constantly, ceaselessly, without interruption.
偽造: gizou — Forgery, counterfeiting, or falsification of something.
して: shite — Conjunctive form of する; doing and then continuing.
人間: ningen — Human being, humankind, or human nature.
生き: iki — Living; conjunctive stem of 生きる (to live).
られ: rare — Passive or potential suffix attached to verb stems.
なかっ: nakatt- — Negative past conjunctive form; could not/did not.
あろう: arou — Volitional/speculative form of ある; probably is/would be.
放棄: houki — Abandonment, renunciation, or giving up something.
否定: hitei — Negation, denial, or rejection of something.
考え: kangae — Thought, idea, or way of thinking about something.
支持: shiji — Support, backing, or endorsement of something or someone.
傾向: keikou — Tendency, inclination, or trend toward something.
非: hi — Prefix meaning non-, un-, or contrary to something.
真理: shinri — Truth, ultimate reality, or fundamental principle.
条件: jouken — Condition, requirement, or prerequisite for something.
として: to shite — As, in the capacity of, or functioning as something.
確か: tashika — Certain, sure, definite; probably, if I recall correctly.
価値: kachi — Value, worth, or merit of something.
に関する: ni kansuru — Regarding, concerning, related to a topic.
伝統: dentou — Tradition, convention, or long-established custom.
観念: kannen — Idea, notion, or mental concept of something.
危険: kiken — Danger, risk, or hazardous situation.
仕方: shikata — Way, method, or manner of doing something.
あえて: aete — Daring to, deliberately doing something despite difficulty.
試みる: kokoromiru — To attempt, try, or make an effort to do.
哲学: tetsugaku — Philosophy; the study of fundamental questions of existence.
だけ: dake — Only, just, merely, limited to that extent.
すでに: sudeni — Already, by now, at this point in time.
善悪: zen'aku — Good and evil; moral distinction between right and wrong.
彼岸: higan — The other shore; beyond; transcendence of this world.
身: mi — Body, oneself, one's own person or position.
置い: ooi / oite — Placing, putting; conjunctive stem of 置く (to place).
なる: naru — To become; indicates transformation or change of state.
者: mono / sha — Person, one who does something; individual.
たち: tachi — Plural suffix for people or animate beings.
半ば: nakaba — Halfway, midway, half; partially or in the middle.
不信: fushin — Distrust, suspicion, lack of faith in someone.
目: me — Eye; gaze, look, or viewpoint toward something.
嘲り: azakeri — Mockery, ridicule, scornful derision of someone.
見: mi — Seeing, looking; conjunctive stem of 見る (to see).
られる: rareru — Passive or potential auxiliary; to be done or can do.
原因: gen'in — Cause, reason, or origin of an event or situation.
彼ら: karera — They, them; third-person plural pronoun.
いかに: ikani — How, in what way; to what extent (literary/formal).
無邪気: mujaki — Innocent, naive, guileless, without malicious intent.
しばしば: shibashiba — Often, frequently, repeatedly over time.
たやすく: tayasuku — Easily, readily, without much difficulty.
誤り: ayamari — Error, mistake, or blunder in thought or action.
犯し: okashi / okashite — Committing; stem of 犯す (to commit a mistake/crime).
道: michi — Road, path, way; course or direction in life.
迷う: mayou — To be lost, wander, or be uncertain about direction.
要するに: you suru ni — In short, to sum up, in other words.
幼稚: youchi — Childish, immature, infantile in thought or behavior.
子供: kodomo — Child, children; young person not yet an adult.
っぽい: -ppoi — Suffix meaning '-ish', '-like', tending toward a quality.
くり返し: kurikaeshi — Repetition, doing something over and over again.
発見: hakken — Discovery, finding something previously unknown.
れる: reru — Passive or potential suffix for godan verb stems.
に対して: ni taishite — Toward, against, in contrast to, with respect to.
十分: juubun — Sufficient, enough, fully adequate for a purpose.
誠実: seijitsu — Sincere, honest, faithful, earnest in character.
向き合おう: mukiaou — Let us face, confront, or deal with something directly.
姿勢: shisei — Posture, attitude, or stance toward something.
欠け: kake — Lacking, missing; stem of 欠ける (to lack/chip).
て: te — Conjunctive particle connecting verbs or clauses.
いる: iru — To be, to exist (for animate beings); progressive marker.
点: ten — Point, aspect, dot; a specific element or regard.
かかわらず: kakawarazu — Regardless of, despite, notwithstanding a circumstance.
ごく: goku — Extremely, very, quite; intensifier before adjectives.
かすか: kasuka — Faint, dim, feeble, barely perceptible.
ほのめかさ: honomekasa — Hinting, suggesting; stem of ほのめかす (to hint).
皆: mina / minna — Everyone, all people, everybody together.
声高: koedata / kogoe — Loud-voiced, clamoring, speaking in a raised voice.
叫ぶ: sakebu — To shout, cry out, or yell loudly.

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