Beyond Good and Evil — Page 7

Vocabulary

ある

aru — To exist; to be (for inanimate things)

さら

sara — Base of 'furthermore; even more; anew'

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or purpose

それ

sore — That; it (refers to something near listener)

以上

ijō — More than; beyond; the above-mentioned amount

が

ga — Subject marker particle; but; however

数学

sūgaku — Mathematics; the study of numbers and quantities

的

teki — Suffix meaning '-ic' or '-like'; adjectival suffix

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns

形式

keishiki — Form; format; formality; prescribed structure

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating direct object

まとっ

matot(te) — Wearing; cloaked in (conjunctive form of matou)

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb; indicates completion

よっ

yot(te) — By means of; due to (conjunctive form of yoru)

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting verb phrases

いわ

iwa — Stem of 'to say'; as it were (in iwaba)

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if; when; as it were'

自ら

mizukara — Oneself; by oneself; personally

の

no — Possessive or linking particle between nouns

哲学

tetsugaku — Philosophy; the academic study of fundamental questions

鎧

yoroi — Armor; protective covering worn in battle

と

to — And; with; quotation particle

仮面

kamen — Mask; disguise worn over the face

で

de — Particle indicating means, location of action, or cause

包ん

tsutsun(de) — Wrapping; enclosing (conjunctive form of tsutsumu)

だ

da — Copula; plain form of 'to be'

こと

koto — Thing; fact; matter (nominalizer for verbs)

実際

jissai — In reality; actually; in practice

ところ

tokoro — Place; situation; point; circumstance

その

sono — That (demonstrative adjective near listener)

言葉

kotoba — Word; language; speech; expression

率直

sotchoku — Frankly; straightforwardly; honestly and directly

訳せ

yakuse — Translate (imperative or conditional form of yakusu)

彼

kare — He; him; that man

自身

jishin — Oneself; himself; herself; itself

知恵

chie — Wisdom; intelligence; wit; cleverness

へ

e — Directional particle meaning 'toward; to'

愛

ai — Love; affection; deep emotional attachment

これ

kore — This; this thing (near the speaker)

は

wa — Topic marker particle highlighting the subject

あの

ano — That (over there); that well-known thing or person

無敵

muteki — Invincible; unrivaled; without equal or match

乙女

otome — Maiden; young woman; virgin girl

視線

shisen — Gaze; line of sight; one's look or stare

投げかけ

nageкake — Casting; directing (a glance or question) at someone

よう

yō — Appearing to; seeming like; in order to

する

suru — To do; to perform; to make happen

大胆

daitan — Bold; daring; audacious; fearlessly aggressive

攻撃

kōgeki — Attack; assault; offensive action against someone

者

mono / sha — Person; one who does something; agent suffix

心

kokoro — Heart; mind; spirit; inner feelings

即座

sokuza — Immediately; instantly; on the spot

恐怖

kyōfu — Fear; terror; dread; intense fright

植えつける

uetsukeru — To instill; to plant (fear, ideas) into someone

ため

tame — For the sake of; in order to; because of

もの

mono — Thing; object; person; nominalizing noun

あっ

at(te) — Being; existing (conjunctive form of aru)

この

kono — This (demonstrative adjective near the speaker)

病弱

byōjaku — Weak constitution; sickly; chronically frail health

仮装

kasō — Disguise; costume; masquerade; dressing up as

個人

kojin — Individual; personal; a single private person

臆病

okubyō — Cowardice; timidity; being easily frightened

さ

sa — Suffix nominalizing adjectives into abstract nouns

傷つき

kizutsuki — Being wounded; getting hurt; vulnerability

やす

yasu — Suffix meaning 'easy to; prone to doing'

露わ

arawa — Exposed; revealed; laid bare; unconcealed

し

shi — Verb conjunctive ending; also listing particle

いる

iru — To be; to exist (animate beings); progressive marker

か

ka — Question particle; or; uncertainty marker

まで

made — Until; up to; as far as; even

あらゆる

arayuru — Every; all; any possible kind of thing

偉大

idai — Great; grand; magnificent; of exceptional significance

何

nani / nan — What; which; something; anything

から

kara — From; since; because; out of

成り立っ

naritat(te) — Being composed of; consisting of; coming to be

すなわち

sunawachi — That is; namely; in other words

告白

kokuhaku — Confession; declaration of love or truth

あり

ari — Existence; being; there is (classical/formal form)

一種

isshu — A kind of; a sort of; a type of

非

hi — Prefix meaning 'non-; un-; not-'

意図

ito — Intention; purpose; deliberate aim or plan

かつ

katsu — And; moreover; simultaneously; at the same time

無意識

muishiki — Unconscious; unaware; the unconscious mind

自伝

jiden — Autobiography; an account of one's own life

という

to iu — Called; known as; the fact that

私

watashi — I; me; first-person singular pronoun

次第

shidai — Depending on; as soon as; order; circumstances

明らか

akiraka — Clear; obvious; evident; plainly apparent

なっ

nat(te) — Becoming (conjunctive form of naru)

おける

okeru — In; at; concerning; pertaining to (formal usage)

道徳

dōtoku — Morality; ethics; moral principles and conduct

あるいは

arui wa — Or; alternatively; perhaps; on the other hand

目的

mokuteki — Purpose; goal; objective; intended aim

こそ

koso — Emphatic particle meaning 'indeed; precisely; it is'

植物

shokubutsu — Plant; vegetation; flora

全体

zentai — Whole; entirety; overall; the entire thing

常

tsune — Always; usually; constancy; the normal state

そこ

soko — There; that place; therein

育っ

sodat(te) — Growing up; being raised (conjunctive form of sodatsu)

真

shin / ma — Truth; genuine; real; authentic

生命

seimei — Life; living; vitality; existence as a living being

構成

kōsei — Composition; structure; forming; making up a whole

も

mo — Also; too; even; as many as (inclusive particle)

最も

mottomo — Most; extremely; to the greatest degree

難解

nankai — Difficult to understand; abstruse; hard to comprehend

主張

shuchō — Claim; assertion; insistence; argument put forward

いかに

ikani — How; in what way; to what degree

導き出さ

michibikiidasa — Deriving; drawing out; leading to a conclusion

れ

re — Passive or potential auxiliary suffix

理解

rikai — Understanding; comprehension; grasping meaning

まず

mazu — First of all; to begin with; for now

問いかける

toikakeru — To ask; to pose a question; to inquire of

有益

yūeki — Useful; beneficial; profitable; advantageous

賢明

kenmei — Wise; sensible; prudent; showing good judgment

それら

sorera — Those; those things (plural demonstrative pronoun)

いかなる

ikanaru — Whatever kind of; any sort of; no matter what

目指し

mezashi — Aiming at; targeting; heading toward a goal

たがっ

tagat(te) — Wanting; desiring (conjunctive of tagaru)

知識

chishiki — Knowledge; information; learning; understanding

衝動

shōdō — Impulse; urge; sudden strong desire or drive

父

chichi — Father; dad; one's male parent

考え

kangae — Thought; idea; opinion; way of thinking

ない

nai — Not; does not exist; negation of verbs/adjectives

むしろ

mushiro — Rather; instead; on the contrary; preferably

別

betsu — Separate; different; another; distinct

ここ

koko — Here; this place (near the speaker)

他

hoka / ta — Other; another; the rest; elsewhere

場合

baai — Case; situation; occasion; circumstance

同様

dōyō — Same; likewise; in the same way or manner

そし

soshi(te) — And then; and so; conjunction linking clauses

誤っ

ayamat(te) — Mistaken; erring; being wrong (conjunctive of ayamaru)

単なる

tan naru — Mere; simple; nothing more than; only

道具

dōgu — Tool; instrument; utensil; means to an end

利用

riyō — Use; utilization; making use of something

すぎ

sugi — Too much; excessive; going beyond a limit

考える

kangaeru — To think; to consider; to ponder; to reflect