Beyond Good and Evil — Page 4

Vocabulary

ဖိလိုဆိုဖာ

phi-lo-so-pha — A philosopher; one who studies fundamental questions

များကို

mya-go — To/for the (plural); plural object marker

နှစ်ရှည်

hnit-shay — Many years; long years; lengthy period of time

လများ

la-mya — Many months; plural of month

စောင့်ကြည့်

saung-kji — To observe; to watch carefully over time

လျက်

lyet — While doing; simultaneous action particle

သူတို့

thu-doh — They; them; third person plural pronoun

၏

e — Possessive/genitive particle; of; belonging to

စာများ

sa-mya — Letters; writings; texts; plural of writing

ကြား

kja — Between; among; to hear; in the middle of

မှ

hma — From; since; ablative/source particle

အဓိပ္ပာယ်

a-dei-ppa-ye — Meaning; significance; definition of something

ဖတ်ရှု

phat-shu — To read; to peruse written material

လာပြီး

la-byi — Having come; came and then; sequential particle

နောက်

nauk — After; behind; next; following something

ယခု

ya-khu — Now; at this time; currently

ကျွန်ုပ်

kja-noup — I; me; formal first-person singular pronoun

ကိုယ့်

ko — One's own; self's; possessive reflexive form

ဘာသာ

ba-tha — Language; religion; subject; discipline

ကိုယ်

ko — Self; body; oneself; informal first-person pronoun

ပြောဆို

pyaw-so — To speak; to say; to converse

မိသည်

mi-thit — Happened to do; accidentally or naturally did

မှာ

hma — At; in; on; locative particle; also 'to order'

သတိစိတ်

tha-di-seit — Mindfulness; conscious awareness; attentive mind

ဖြင့်

phyint — With; by means of; using; instrumental particle

တွေးခေါ်

twe-khaw — To think; to reason; philosophical thinking

မှု

hmu — Abstract nominalizer; act of; process of something

အကြီးမားဆုံး

a-kji-ma-zone — The greatest; the largest; the most significant

သော

thaw — Relative clause marker; which; that; who

အစိတ်

a-seit — Part; portion; component; segment of something

အပိုင်း

a-paing — Section; part; division; portion of a whole

ကို

go — Object marker; to; toward; accusative particle

တွန်းအား

twun-a — Driving force; motivation; impulse; push

ပေးသော

pay-thaw — That gives; which provides; giving (relative form)

လုပ်ဆောင်

loat-saung — To carry out; to perform; to execute an action

ချက်များ

chet-mya — Points; factors; actions; plural of key point

တွင်

twit — In; at; within; locative particle

ထည့်သွင်း

hte-thwing — To include; to incorporate; to insert into

ရေတွက်

yay-twaik — To count; to enumerate; to calculate

ရမည်

ya-myi — Must obtain; will have to; obligatory future form

ဖြစ်ပြီး

phyit-byi — Having become; being the case; and then

ဖိလိုဆိုဖီ

phi-lo-so-phi — Philosophy; the study of fundamental knowledge

ကိစ္စ

kei-sa — Matter; issue; affair; concern; case

ပင်

ping — Indeed; even; emphasizing particle; very

ထိုသို့

hto-tho — In that way; like that; thus; in such manner

ဖြစ်သည်

phyit-thit — Is; exists; becomes; to be (present tense)

မျိုးရိုး

myo-yo — Lineage; ancestry; hereditary line; family descent

ဗီဇ

bi-za — Gene; genetic factor; hereditary trait

နှင့်

hnint — And; with; together with; conjunction particle

မွေးရာပါ

mway-ya-pa — Innate; inborn; natural from birth

တို့

doh — Plural marker; we; group suffix for pronouns

ပတ်သက်

pat-thet — Related to; concerning; pertaining to something

၍

yway — Therefore; because; connective subordinating particle

တစ်ဖန်

ta-hpan — Again; once more; on another occasion

သင်ယူ

thin-yu — To learn; to study; to acquire knowledge

ခဲ့သ

khe-tha — Past tense marker fragment; did; have done

ကဲ့သို့

ke-tho — Like; as; similar to; in the manner of

ဤတွင်

i-twit — Here; in this place; at this point

ရန်

yan — In order to; for the purpose of; purpose marker

လိုအပ်

lo-at — To need; to require; to be necessary

သည်

thit — Present tense marker; topic/subject particle

မွေးဖွားမှု

mway-phwa-hmu — Birth; the act of being born; nativity

ချက်

chet — Point; instant; factor; key element

လုပ်ငန်းစဉ်

loat-ngan-sin — Process; procedure; course of action; operation

တစ်ခု

ta-khu — One (thing); a; one unit; single item

လုံး

lone — Whole; entire; all; entirely; completely

အလေးထား

a-lay-hta — To emphasize; to prioritize; to give weight to

စဉ်းစား

sin-sa — To consider; to think about; to deliberate

ခြင်း

chin — Nominalizer; act of; the fact of doing something

ခံရ

khan-ya — To receive; to undergo; to be subjected to

နည်းပါး

ni-pa — Few; scarce; little in amount; insufficient

သကဲ့သို့

tha-ke-tho — Just as; like; in the same way as

သတိရှိသော

tha-di-shi-thaw — Mindful; careful; aware; having consciousness

ဖြစ်တည်

phyit-ti — To exist; to come into being; to be established

မည်သည့်

myi-thit — Which; whatever; whichever; any (interrogative)

အဆုံးအဖြတ်

a-zone-a-phyat — Decision; conclusion; final determination

ပြုသော

pyu-thaw — That does; which performs; doing (relative form)

မျှ

hmya — Only; just; as much as; equality particle

သဘော

tha-baw — Idea; notion; concept; nature; understanding

သဘာဝ

tha-ba-wa — Nature; natural state; inherent characteristic

ဆန့်ကျင်

san-kjin — To oppose; to contradict; to go against

ဘက်

bet — Side; direction; toward; on the part of

မဟုတ်

ma-hoat — Is not; negative copula; not being

ဘဲ

be — Without; not doing; negative connective particle

တစ်ဦး

ta-u — One person; a single individual; one (person)

သူ

thu — He; she; that person; third person singular

ခံစား

khan-sa — To feel; to experience; to sense emotionally

လျှို့ဝှက်

hlyoh-hwet — Secret; hidden; mysterious; concealed from others

သြဇာ

aw-za — Influence; authority; power; sway over others

ပြီး

byi — Completed; after; already; completion particle

သတ်မှတ်

thet-hmat — To define; to determine; to designate officially

ထားသော

hta-thaw — That has been kept/set; placed (relative form)

လမ်းကြောင်း

lan-jaung — Path; course; direction; route; trajectory

များသို့

mya-tho — To the (plural); toward multiple things/people

တွန်းပို့

twun-poh — To push toward; to drive; to propel forward

ထို့ပြင်

htoh-pyint — Furthermore; moreover; in addition to that

ယုတ္တိ

yoat-ti — Logic; rational reasoning; logical argument

ဗေဒ

be-da — Science; study of; discipline; field of knowledge

ထင်ရှား

hting-sha — Clear; obvious; prominent; well-known; evident

လွတ်လပ်

lwat-lat — Free; independent; liberated; having freedom

စွာ

swa — Adverbial suffix; in a manner; -ly suffix equivalent

လှုပ်ရှား

hlyoat-sha — To move; to be active; to stir; activity

နိုင်

naing — Can; able to; capable of; ability marker

အနောက်

a-nauk — The West; behind; the back side

တန်ဖိုး

tan-boh — Value; worth; importance; price; significance

ထားမှု

hta-hmu — The act of keeping/placing; retention; maintenance

များ

mya — Many; plural marker; more; multiple

ရှိနေ

shi-nay — To exist; to be present; to be there continuously

သို့မဟုတ်

tho-ma-hoat — Or; otherwise; alternatively; either-or conjunction

ပိုမို

poh-mo — More; even more; increasingly; to a greater degree

ရှင်းလင်း

shin-lin — Clear; clear; to explain; to clarify something

ပြောရ

pyaw-ya — To have to say; must speak; can say

လျှင်

hlyin — If; when; conditional particle; as soon as

ဘဝ

ba-wa — Life; existence; state of being; livelihood

ပုံစံ

poun-san — Form; shape; style; pattern; format

ထိန်းသိမ်း

htain-thain — To preserve; to maintain; to take care of

အတွက်

a-twet — For; for the sake of; benefactive particle

ရုပ်ခန္ဓာ

yoat-khan-da — Physical body; corporeal form; material body

ဆိုင်ရာ

saing-ya — Related to; pertaining to; concerning; relevant

ဥပမာ

u-pa-ma — Example; for instance; illustration of a point

အားဖြင့်

a-phyint — By means of; through; via; instrumental phrase

သေချာ

thay-cha — Certain; sure; definite; reliable; accurate

အရာ

a-ya — Thing; matter; object; affair; something

မသေချာ

ma-thay-cha — Uncertain; unsure; not definite; doubtful

ထက်

htet — Than; more than; comparative marker

ပို

poh — More; additionally; to excess; comparative adverb

မြင့်

myint — High; tall; elevated; lofty; superior in level

ဟူသော

hu-thaw — Called; named; so-called; quotative relative marker

အချက်

a-chet — Point; fact; detail; key element; aspect

မြင်ကွင်း

myint-kwing — View; perspective; scene; field of vision

လှည့်ဖျား

hle-phya — To deceive; to trick; to mislead; to manipulate

အမှန်တရား

a-hman-ta-ya — Truth; reality; what is genuinely true

နည်း

ni — Method; way; means; technique; also 'few/little'

ကျွန်ုပ်တို့

kja-noup-doh — We; us; formal first-person plural pronoun

၎င်းတို့

thingdoh — They; those; third person plural formal pronoun

ထိန်းညှိ

htain-hni — To regulate; to adjust; to calibrate; to balance

အရေးပါ

a-yay-pa — Important; significant; crucial; matters greatly

ရှိ

shi — To have; to exist; to be present; there is

သော်ငြား

thaw-nya — Nevertheless; although; even so; concessive particle

သို့သော်

tho-thaw — However; but; nevertheless; contrastive conjunction

လည်း

le — Also; too; even; additive/contrastive particle

မျက်နှာပြင်

myet-hna-byin — Surface; face; facade; outer layer of something

သာ

tha — Only; just; merely; restrictive emphasis particle

ဖြစ်နိုင်

phyit-naing — Possible; can be; may happen; feasible

သတ္တဝါ

that-ta-wa — Living creature; being; animal; sentient being

သည့်

thit — Relative clause marker; which; that (attributive)

အထူး

a-htu — Special; particular; especially; extraordinary

အမျိုးအစား

a-myo-a-sa — Type; kind; category; sort; variety

လက်တွေ့

let-tway — Practical; hands-on; in reality; actual practice

လူသား

lu-tha — Human being; humanity; person; humankind

အရာဝတ္ထု

a-ya-wat-htu — Object; material thing; physical item; substance

တိုင်းတာ

taing-ta — To measure; to assess; to evaluate; measurement

စံနှုန်း

san-hnoun — Standard; criterion; norm; benchmark; measure

ဟု

hu — Quotative particle; saying that; called; known as

ယူဆ

yu-hsa — To assume; to believe; to consider; to suppose

မြင်ခြင်း

myint-chin — Seeing; the act of seeing; perception; vision

မှားယွင်း

hma-ywin — Wrong; incorrect; mistaken; erroneous; in error

၎င်း

thinge — It; that; he/she; formal third person pronoun

ကန့်ကွက်

kan-kwet — To object; to protest; to oppose; to reject

ပေ

pay — Emphatic or assertive sentence-final particle

ဤနေရာ

i-nay-ya — This place; here; this location; this spot

ဘာသာစကား

ba-tha-sa-ka — Language; spoken language; tongue; idiom

သစ်

thit — New; fresh; wood; timber; novel

ဆန်းကြယ်

san-kje — Wonderful; marvelous; extraordinary; amazing

ဆုံး

zone — End; most (superlative); to end; final point

အသံထွက်

a-than-htwaik — Pronunciation; sound output; phonetic expression

နေသည်

nay-thit — Is staying; is (continuous); lives; present continuous