Beyond Good and Evil — Page 4

Vocabulary

邪恶

xié'è — Evil, wicked, morally corrupt or sinful.

的

de — Structural particle indicating possession or modification.

苏格拉底

Sūgélādǐ — Socrates, ancient Greek philosopher of Athens.

真的

zhēn de — Really, truly; used to emphasize sincerity or truth.

腐化

fǔhuà — To corrupt, degenerate morally or become rotten.

了

le — Particle indicating completed action or changed state.

他

tā — He, him; third-person singular male pronoun.

吗

ma — Question particle placed at end of yes/no questions.

毕竟

bìjìng — After all, in the end; used to emphasize a fact.

是

shì — To be; linking verb indicating identity or existence.

青年

qīngnián — Youth, young people; those in early adulthood.

腐化者

fǔhuàzhě — Corruptor, one who morally corrupts others.

理应

lǐyīng — Ought to, should rightfully or justifiably do something.

饮下

yǐn xià — To drink down, swallow a liquid completely.

但是

dànshì — But, however; introduces a contrasting statement.

反对

fǎnduì — To oppose, object to, or resist something.

柏拉图

Bólātú — Plato, ancient Greek philosopher, student of Socrates.

斗争

dòuzhēng — Struggle, fight; intense conflict or opposition effort.

或者

huòzhě — Or, alternatively; used to present another option.

说得

shuō de — To say in a certain manner; spoken as described.

更

gèng — Even more, still more; comparative degree adverb.

直白

zhíbái — Straightforward, plain-spoken, blunt in expression.

些

xiē — A little, some; indicates a small indefinite amount.

为了

wèile — In order to, for the sake of achieving a goal.

人民

rénmín — The people, the populace, the common citizens.

基督教

Jīdūjiào — Christianity, the religion based on Jesus Christ.

千年

qiānnián — A thousand years, millennium; very long time period.

教会

jiàohuì — The Church; Christian religious institution or organization.

压迫

yāpò — To oppress, suppress; exercise cruel control over others.

因为

yīnwèi — Because, since; introduces reason or cause.

就是

jiùshì — Is exactly, precisely is; used for strong affirmation.

为

wèi — For, for the sake of; preposition indicating purpose.

在

zài — At, in, on; preposition indicating location or time.

欧洲

Ōuzhōu — Europe, the continent west of Asia.

产生

chǎnshēng — To produce, generate, give rise to something.

一种

yī zhǒng — A kind of, a type of; one sort of something.

壮丽

zhuànglì — Magnificent, grand, sublime and visually impressive.

灵魂

línghún — Soul, spirit; the immaterial essence of a person.

张力

zhānglì — Tension, tautness; a state of stretched inner force.

这种

zhè zhǒng — This kind of, this type of; referring to previously mentioned.

此之前

cǐ zhī qián — Before this, prior to this point in time.

从未

cóngwèi — Never, at no time; indicates something has never occurred.

任何

rènhé — Any, whichever; used in negative or conditional contexts.

地方

dìfāng — Place, location; a particular area or region.

存在

cúnzài — To exist, to be present; existence as a concept.

过

guò — Experiential particle indicating past experience or completion.

凭借

píngjiè — By means of, relying on; using something as support.

这样

zhèyàng — Like this, in this way; referring to described manner.

一张

yī zhāng — One (flat object); measure word for bow, paper, etc.

拉紧

lājǐn — To pull tight, draw taut; tighten by pulling.

弓

gōng — Bow; a curved weapon for shooting arrows.

人们

rénmen — People, folks; referring to people in general.

如今

rújīn — Nowadays, now; at the present time.

可以

kěyǐ — Can, may; expresses permission or capability.

瞄准

miáozhǔn — To aim at, take aim; direct attention toward a target.

最

zuì — Most, -est; superlative degree adverb.

遥远

yáoyuǎn — Distant, far away; remote in space or time.

目标

mùbiāo — Goal, target, objective; something aimed for.

事实上

shìshí shàng — In fact, actually; used to state the real truth.

欧洲人

Ōuzhōurén — Europeans; people from or native to Europe.

将

jiāng — Will, shall; future tense auxiliary or preposition.

感受

gǎnshòu — To feel, experience; a feeling or sensation experienced.

困境

kùnjìng — Predicament, difficult situation; a troubling dilemma.

并且

bìngqiě — And, moreover; connects two related positive statements.

曾

céng — Once, formerly; indicates something happened in the past.

有过

yǒu guò — Have had; experienced or possessed something previously.

两次

liǎng cì — Two times, twice; occurring on two occasions.

以

yǐ — Using, by means of; preposition indicating method.

宏大

hóngdà — Grand, magnificent, great in scale or ambition.

方式

fāngshì — Way, method, manner; a mode of doing something.

试图

shìtú — To attempt, try to; make an effort to achieve.

松弛

sōngchí — To relax, loosen; reduce tautness or tension.

这张

zhè zhāng — This (flat object); this particular bow or sheet.

努力

nǔlì — Effort, hard work; to strive diligently toward a goal.

一次

yī cì — One time, once; a single occurrence or attempt.

借助

jièzhù — With the help of, by means of external aid.

主义

zhǔyì — An -ism, doctrine, ideology; a systematic belief system.

第二次

dì èr cì — The second time; occurring on the second occasion.

民主

mínzhǔ — Democracy; a system of government by the people.

启蒙

qǐméng — Enlightenment; to educate or awaken intellectual awareness.

后者

hòuzhě — The latter; referring to the second of two mentioned.

新闻

xīnwén — News, journalism; current events reported in media.

自由

zìyóu — Freedom, liberty; the state of being free.

与

yǔ — And, with; a formal connective conjunction.

阅读

yuèdú — To read; the activity of reading written material.

报纸

bàozhǐ — Newspaper; a printed daily publication of news.

帮助

bāngzhù — To help, assist; provide aid or support to someone.

实际上

shíjì shàng — In reality, actually; indicating the true situation.

或许

huòxǔ — Perhaps, maybe; expressing uncertainty or possibility.

能

néng — Can, be able to; expresses capability or possibility.

使

shǐ — To cause, make; causative verb meaning to make something happen.

精神

jīngshén — Spirit, mind, morale; mental or spiritual energy.

不

bù — No, not; negation particle used before verbs/adjectives.

那么

nàme — So, that; used to indicate degree or consequence.

容易

róngyì — Easy, simple; not requiring much effort.

地

de — Adverbial particle linking adverb to following verb.

陷入

xiànrù — To fall into, sink into; become trapped in a state.

德国人

Déguórén — Germans; people from or native to Germany.

发明

fāmíng — To invent; create something new for the first time.

火药

huǒyào — Gunpowder; explosive powder used in firearms and fireworks.

这

zhè — This; demonstrative pronoun indicating nearby object.

全

quán — All, entirely, completely; totality without exception.

归功于

guī gōng yú — To credit to, attribute merit to someone or something.

他们

tāmen — They, them; third-person plural pronoun.

但

dàn — But, however; short conjunction indicating contrast.

又

yòu — Again, also; indicates repetition or addition.

将功补过

jiāng gōng bǔ guò — Atone for faults with merits; redeem oneself through achievement.

印刷术

yìnshuāshù — Printing technique; the technology of mechanical text reproduction.

我们

wǒmen — We, us; first-person plural pronoun.

既非

jì fēi — Neither; used to negate the first of two items.

也非

yě fēi — Nor; negates the second item in a neither…nor structure.

甚至

shènzhì — Even, so much as; emphasizes an extreme case.

算不上

suàn bu shàng — Cannot be considered, does not qualify as something.

足够

zúgòu — Enough, sufficient; meeting the required amount.

这些

zhèxiē — These; plural demonstrative pronoun for nearby items.

优秀

yōuxiù — Excellent, outstanding; of superior quality or ability.

非常

fēicháng — Very, extremely; indicating a high degree of something.

精灵

jīnglíng — Spirit, elf, sprite; an agile or magical being.

依然

yīrán — Still, as before; unchanged continuation of a state.

承受

chéngshòu — To bear, endure, withstand pressure or hardship.

着

zhe — Ongoing action particle indicating a continuous state.

全部

quánbù — All, the entirety; every part without exception.

那张

nà zhāng — That (flat object); referring to the bow mentioned.

还有

hái yǒu — And also, there is also; adds another item mentioned.

那支

nà zhī — That (long, stick-like object); measure word for arrows.

箭

jiàn — Arrow; a pointed projectile shot from a bow.

那份

nà fèn — That portion, that share; referring to a portion of something.

责任

zérèn — Responsibility, duty; obligation to fulfill a role.

谁

shéi — Who; interrogative pronoun asking about a person.

知道

zhīdào — To know, to be aware of; have knowledge of something.

呢

ne — Sentence-final particle softening or continuing a question.

那个

nàge — That one; demonstrative pronoun for a distant object.

上

shàng — Above, on, upper; preposition or directional complement.

年

nián — Year; unit of time measurement.

月

yuè — Month, moon; unit of time or celestial body.