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Beyond Good and Evil — Page 4

Chinese → English Preface Level 9/10

邪恶的苏格拉底真的腐化了他吗?苏格拉底毕竟是青年的败坏者,理应饮下毒芹?

Had the wicked Socrates really corrupted him? Was Socrates after all a corrupter of youths, and deserved his hemlock?

然而,与柏拉图的斗争——或者说得更直白些,为了"大众"而进行的斗争——与基督教千年以来的教会压迫的斗争(因为基督教不过是大众版的柏拉图主义),在欧洲催生了一种宏伟的灵魂张力,这种张力在此之前任何地方都不曾存在过。

But the struggle against Plato, or--to speak plainer, and for the "people"--the struggle against the ecclesiastical oppression of millenniums of Christianity (FOR CHRISTIANITY IS PLATONISM FOR THE "PEOPLE"), produced in Europe a magnificent tension of soul, such as had not existed anywhere previously;

凭借这张拉紧的弓,如今可以瞄准最遥远的目标。

with such a tensely strained bow one can now aim at the furthest goals.

事实上,欧洲人将这种张力感受为一种困苦之态,并曾两度以宏大的方式尝试松弛这张弓:一次借助耶稣会主义,第二次则借助民主启蒙运动。

As a matter of fact, the European feels this tension as a state of distress, and twice attempts have been made in grand style to unbend the bow: once by means of Jesuitism, and the second time by means of democratic enlightenment--

后者借助新闻自由与报纸阅读之助,或许确实能使精神不那么容易陷入"困苦"之中!

which, with the aid of liberty of the press and newspaper-reading, might, in fact, bring it about that the spirit would not so easily find itself in "distress"!

(德国人发明了火药——这值得称道!但他们随后又将功过相抵——他们发明了印刷术。)

(The Germans invented gunpowder--all credit to them! but they again made things square--they invented printing.)

但我们,既非耶稣会士,也非民主主义者,甚至算不上十足的德国人——我们这些优秀的欧洲人,自由而极度自由的精灵——我们依然承担着一切精神的困苦与弓弦的全部张力!

But we, who are neither Jesuits, nor democrats, nor even sufficiently Germans, we GOOD EUROPEANS, and free, VERY free spirits--we have it still, all the distress of spirit and all the tension of its bow!

或许还有那支箭、那份使命,以及——谁知道呢?——那个值得瞄准的目标……

And perhaps also the arrow, the duty, and, who knows? THE GOAL TO AIM AT....

西尔斯-玛利亚,上恩加丁,1885年6月。

Sils Maria Upper Engadine, JUNE, 1885.

Vocabulary

wicked
邪恶的,道德败坏的
Socrates
古希腊著名哲学家,苏格拉底
corrupted
腐化、败坏了某人的道德
corrupter
腐化者,败坏他人道德的人
youths
年轻人,青少年(复数)
deserved
应得到,理应受到(某惩罚)
hemlock
毒芹,古代用于处死的毒药
struggle
斗争,奋斗,努力抗争
Plato
古希腊哲学家柏拉图
plainer
更直白地,更清楚地
ecclesiastical
教会的,与基督教教会相关的
oppression
压迫,压制,剥夺自由的统治
millenniums
数千年,千年(复数形式)
Christianity
基督教,信仰耶稣基督的宗教
PLATONISM
柏拉图主义,柏拉图哲学思想体系
produced
产生了,造就了某种结果
magnificent
壮丽的,宏伟的,令人赞叹的
tension
张力,紧张状态,内在的压力
soul
灵魂,内心,精神本质
existed
存在过,曾经存在
previously
以前,在此之前,此前
tensely
紧绷地,紧张地,用力拉紧地
strained
拉紧的,绷紧的,极度紧张的
bow
弓,射箭用的弓(此处比喻张力)
aim
瞄准,目标,旨在
furthest
最远的,最遥远的目标
goals
目标,目的,想要实现的结果
matter
事情,问题(as a matter of fact:事实上)
fact
事实,真实情况
European
欧洲人,与欧洲相关的
state
状态,状况,处境
distress
痛苦,困境,极度的精神压力
attempts
尝试,企图,试图做某事
grand
宏大的,宏伟的,壮观的
style
风格,方式,大规模的方式
unbend
放松,解除紧张,使弓松弛
means
手段,方法,方式
Jesuitism
耶稣会主义,耶稣会的思想与做法
democratic
民主的,与民主制度相关的
enlightenment
启蒙运动,启发思想的运动或状态
aid
帮助,援助,辅助
liberty
自由,人身自由,言论自由
press
新闻界,出版,媒体
spirit
精神,心灵,思想活力
invented
发明了,创造了某种新事物
gunpowder
火药,爆炸性化学物质
credit
功劳,荣誉,给予认可
square
扯平,使相抵,公平对等
printing
印刷术,印刷的技术或行为
neither
两者都不,既不……也不……
Jesuits
耶稣会士,天主教耶稣会成员
nor
也不,与neither搭配使用
democrats
民主人士,主张民主制度的人
sufficiently
足够地,充分地
free
自由的,不受束缚的
spirits
精神,心灵,自由精神者
perhaps
也许,可能,表示不确定
arrow
箭,弓箭,比喻目标与方向
duty
责任,义务,应尽的本分
GOAL
目标,目的(大写强调)
AIM
瞄准,对准目标(大写强调)
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