Cranford — Page 11

Vocabulary

그녀가

geunyeoga — She (subject marker attached); referring to a female subject

예뻤는지

yeppeonneunji — Whether she was pretty or not

아닌지는

aninjineun — Whether it is not; used in uncertain contrast

모르겠지만

moreugessjiман — I'm not sure, but; expressing uncertainty with contrast

나는

naneun — I (topic marker attached); first-person subject

그녀의

geunyeoui — Her; possessive form of 'she'

얼굴이

eolguri — Face (subject marker attached); referring to someone's face

마음에

maeume — To one's heart/mind; used in the phrase 'to one's liking'

들었고

deureotgo — Was pleasing and; liked (connected clause form)

모든

modeun — Every, all; used before nouns to mean 'every'

사람도

saramdo — People too; also everyone, indicating inclusivity

그러했으며

geureohaeseumyeo — It was so, and; formal connective meaning 'likewise'

보조개를

bojogaereul — Dimples (object marker); referring to facial dimples

어쩔

eojjeol — What to do about; used in 'can't help but' expressions

수

su — Ability, possibility; used after verbs to express 'can'

없었으리라

eopseosseuriра — There would have been none; speculative past negative

생각한다

saenggakhanda — Think, believe; expressing one's opinion or thought

그녀는

geunyeoneun — She (topic marker); introducing a female topic

아버지의

abeojiye — Father's; possessive referring to one's father

경쾌한

gyeongkwaehan — Light, cheerful, brisk; describing a lively manner

걸음걸이와

georeumgeoriwa — Gait and; manner of walking, connected to next item

태도를

taeдoreul — Attitude, manner (object marker); one's bearing or demeanor

어느

eoneu — Some, a certain; used before nouns meaning 'a certain degree'

정도

jeongdo — Degree, extent; indicating a certain level or amount

닮아

dalma — Resembling, taking after; similar to someone

있었으며

isseossеumyeo — Was, existed, and; formal connective past tense

여성

yeoseong — Woman, female; referring to the female gender

관찰자라면

gwanchaljаramyeon — If one were an observer; conditional observer reference

두

du — Two; the number two used before a noun

자매의

jamaeui — Sisters'; possessive referring to two sisters

옷차림에서

otcharimeeseo — In the clothing/attire; from or in the way of dressing

미묘한

mimyohan — Subtle, delicate; describing a fine or nuanced difference

차이를

chaireul — Difference (object marker); a distinction between two things

발견할

balgyeonhal — To discover, to find; future/adnominal form of 'discover'

있었을

isseosseul — Would have been able to; speculative past possibility

것이다

geosida — It is the case that; assertive sentence-ending expression

양의

yangui — Miss's; honorific title for an unmarried woman, possessive

옷이

osi — Clothes (subject marker); referring to someone's clothing

것보다

geotboda — Than (something); comparative particle meaning 'more than'

연간

yeongan — Per year, annually; on a yearly basis

약

yak — Approximately, about; indicating an approximate amount

더

deo — More; comparative adverb indicating greater degree

비쌌다

bissatda — Was expensive; past tense of 'to be expensive'

대위의

daewіui — Captain's; possessive of military rank 'captain'

지출에서

jichuleseo — In expenditure; from or within one's spending

큰

keun — Big, large; adjective describing large size or significance

금액이었다

geumaegiеotda — Was a (large) sum of money; past tense monetary statement

교회에서

gyohoeeseo — At the church; location marker indicating inside a church

가족을

gajоgeul — Family (object marker); referring to one's family group

처음으로

cheoeumeuro — For the first time; indicating something happening initially

모두

modu — All, altogether; everyone or everything included

함께

hamkke — Together; doing something jointly or in unison

보았을

boasseul — Would have seen; past speculative adnominal form

때

ttae — Time, moment, when; indicating a specific point in time

내가

naega — I (subject marker); first-person subject in a sentence

받은

badeun — Received; past adnominal form of 'to receive'

인상이

insangi — Impression (subject marker); the feeling or image received

바로

baro — Exactly, right, just; emphasizing directness or precision

그러했다

geureohаetda — It was so; formal past tense meaning 'that was the case'

대위는

daewineun — The captain (topic); military captain as the topic

전에

jeone — Before, previously; indicating a prior point in time

만난

mannan — Met; past adnominal form of 'to meet someone'

적이

jeogi — Experience of (subject); used with 있다/없다 for experience

있었는데

isseonnеunde — There was/had been, and; background past connective form

연기가

yeongiga — Smoke (subject marker); referring to smoke as subject

굴뚝

gulttuk — Chimney; a structure for venting smoke from a building

때문이었으며

ttaemunіeossеumyeo — Because of, and; formal connective 'due to' in past tense

연통을

yeontоngeul — Stovepipe, flue (object marker); pipe connecting to chimney

간단히

gandanhi — Simply, easily; in a straightforward or brief manner

수정하여

sujeonghayeo — By modifying, adjusting; gerund form of 'to correct/modify'

그

geu — That, the; demonstrative or definite article equivalent

문제를

munjereul — Problem (object marker); an issue or difficulty to be solved

해결했었다

haegyeolhaesseotda — Had resolved/solved; past perfect form of 'to solve'

아침

achim — Morning; the early part of the day

찬송가가

chansonggaga — Hymn (subject marker); a religious song sung in worship

울려

ullyeo — Ringing, resounding; causing sound to spread or echo

퍼지는

peojineun — Spreading, diffusing; present adnominal form of 'to spread'

동안

dongan — During, while; for the duration of a period

쌍안경을

ssanggyeongеul — Binoculars (object marker); optical device for seeing far

눈에

nune — To the eyes; placing something at or against one's eyes

대고

daego — Placing against and; holding something to a surface

있다가

itdaga — Was doing and then; transitioning from one action to another

이내

inae — Soon, shortly after; indicating a short time later

머리를

meorireul — Head (object marker); referring to one's head

꼿꼿이

kkotkkosi — Upright, erect; holding one's head or body straight

들고

deulgo — Lifting and; raising something then continuing an action

크고

keugo — Loudly and; large/loud (connective form)

즐겁게

jeulgeopge — Joyfully, cheerfully; in a happy or pleasant manner

노래를

noraereul — Song (object marker); a musical piece one sings

불렀다

bulleotda — Sang; past tense of 'to sing a song'

교회

gyohoe — Church; a Christian place of worship

서기보다

seogiboda — More than the clerk; comparative form with 'church clerk'

크게

keuge — Loudly, greatly; in a big or loud manner

응답

eungdap — Response, reply; an answer given to a call or prayer

기도를

gidoreul — Prayer (object marker); a religious supplication or petition

외쳤는데

oecheonnеunde — Shouted, and; cried out loudly (background connective)

서기는

seogineun — The clerk (topic); a church official as topic

가늘고

ganеulgo — Thin, slender, and; describing a slim or weak quality

가냘픈

ganyalpеun — Frail, delicate; describing a weak or thin quality

목소리를

moksorireul — Voice (object marker); referring to the sound of one's voice

가진

gajin — Having, possessing; adnominal form of 'to have/possess'

노인으로

noinеuro — As an old man; elderly person (with role-marking particle)

우렁찬

ureongchan — Resonant, booming; describing a powerful, deep sound

저음에

jeoеume — At the low pitch; in or at a low musical tone

불쾌감을

bulkwaegameul — Displeasure, discomfort (object); a feeling of unpleasantness

느낀

neukkіn — Felt; past adnominal form of 'to feel/sense'

나머지

nameoji — As a result, remainder; 'so much so that' consequence

점점

jeomjeom — Gradually, increasingly; getting more and more over time

높은

nopеun — High; adnominal adjective describing elevated pitch or height

음으로

eumeuro — In/to a pitch/note; moving toward a musical note

떨며

tteolmyeo — Trembling and; quivering while doing something else

노래했던

noraehаetdeon — Had been singing; past retrospective adnominal of 'to sing'

것

geot — Thing, fact; nominalizer making a verb clause into a noun

같다

gatda — Seems like, appears; expressing resemblance or supposition

나오면서

naomyeonseo — While coming out; exiting and simultaneously doing something

활기찬

hwalgichan — Lively, energetic; full of vitality and spirit

딸에게

ttarege — To the daughter; dative marker directing action toward daughter

더없이

deoeopsi — Supremely, incomparably; the most, without anything more

정중한

jeongJunghan — Polite, courteous; showing great respect and consideration

관심을

gwansimeul — Interest, attention (object); care or concern directed at someone

기울였다

giuryeotda — Devoted, paid (attention); leaned or directed effort toward