Cranford — Page 5

Vocabulary

ဥပမာ

u-pa-ma — Example; instance used to illustrate a point

အားဖြင့်

a-hpyin — By means of; through; via

မစ္စတာ

mis-sa-ta — Mister; honorific title for a man

သည်

thì — Topic marker particle; also means 'is/are'

သူမ

thu-ma — She; her; third-person feminine pronoun

၏

ei — Possessive particle meaning 'of' or 's

အိမ်

ein — House; home; dwelling place

လေး

lay — Four; also an endearing diminutive particle

ကလေး

ka-lay — Child; young kid; small person

တွင်

twin — In; at; inside (locative particle)

ပါတီ

pa-ti — Party; social gathering or political party

ပေး

pay — To give; to offer something to someone

သော

thaw — Relative clause marker; that; which

အခါ

a-hka — When; time; occasion; instance

ထို

htoe — That; those; demonstrative pronoun or adjective

ကလေးမ

ka-lay-ma — Little girl; young female child

ငယ်

ngè — Young; small; junior in age or rank

ဆိုဖာ

so-pha — Sofa; upholstered couch for sitting

ပေါ်

paw — On top of; above; upon a surface

မှ

hma — From; since; ablative or source particle

မိန်းမ

mein-ma — Woman; female adult; wife

များ

mya — Many; plural marker; more than one

ကို

ko — Object marker particle; to; towards

လက်ဖက်ရည်

let-hpet-yay — Tea; traditional Burmese brewed tea drink

ကြိုး

kyo — String; rope; cord; wire

ပန်းကန်

pan-gan — Plate; dish used for serving food

အောက်

owt — Below; under; beneath; lower position

ယူ

yu — To take; to carry; to get

ခွင့်

hkwin — Permission; leave; right or allowance

ပြု

pyu — To do; to make; to perform an action

ပါ

pa — Polite sentence-final particle; also 'please'

ဟု

hu — Quotative particle meaning 'saying that'

တောင်းဆို

taung-so — To demand; to request; to ask for

ကာ

ka — While; as; continuative verb particle

အနှောင့်အယှက်

a-hnaung-a-shyet — Disturbance; nuisance; interference; trouble

ခဲ့

hkè — Past tense marker; went and did something

ပြီး

pyi — After; having finished; completion marker

လူ

lu — Person; human being; people

တိုင်း

tine — Every; all; each; every time or place

ဤ

i — This; formal demonstrative pronoun (literary)

အသစ်အဆန်း

a-thit-a-hsan — Novel; strange; new and unusual thing

ဖြစ်ရပ်

hpyit-yat — Event; incident; occurrence; happening

လောက

law-ka — World; the earthly realm; society

အသဘာဝ

a-tha-ba-wa — Nature; natural state; innate character

ဆုံး

zone — Most; end; utmost; to end or finish

အရာ

a-ya — Thing; matter; object; item

ယူဆ

yu-hsa — To assume; to think; to consider

ကျွန်ုပ်တို့

kya-naw-tho — We; us; formal first-person plural pronoun

အားလုံး

a-lone — All; everyone; everything; the whole

အိမ်ထောင်သူ

ein-htaung-thu — Married person; spouse; one who keeps house

နှင့်

hnin — And; with; together with (conjunction)

ကြီးကြပ်သူ

kyi-kyat-thu — Supervisor; overseer; person in charge

အတူ

a-tu — Together; jointly; in the same place

ပုံမှန်

pone-hman — Normal; regular; usual; ordinary

အမှုထမ်း

a-hmu-htan — Servant; officer; one who performs duties

ခန်း

hkan — Room; chamber; section of a building

ဒုတိယ

du-ti-ya — Second; the second in order or rank

စားပွဲ

sa-bwè — Table; dining table; desk

ရှိ

shi — To have; to exist; there is/are

ယုံကြည်

yone-kyi — To believe; to trust; to have faith

သ

tha — Verbal suffix indicating habitual or general action

ကဲ့သို့

kè-dtho — Like; as; similar to; in the manner of

အိမ်တွင်း

ein-twin — Inside the house; domestic; household

ဓလေ့

da-lè — Custom; habit; tradition; established practice

ထုံးတမ်း

htone-tan — Tradition; convention; customary practice

အခမ်းအနား

a-hkan-a-na — Ceremony; formal occasion; ritual event

အကြောင်း

a-kyaung — Reason; cause; subject matter; about

ဆက်လက်

set-let — To continue; to proceed; to carry on

ပြောဆို

pyaw-so — To speak; to say; to converse

နေ

nay — To live; to stay; to reside; progressive marker

ကြ

kya — Plural verb marker; to do together

တကယ်တမ်း

ta-kè-tan — Truly; really; in reality; genuinely

တော့

taw — Then; so; topic-shift or emphasis particle

ကြင်နာ

kyin-na — Caring; affectionate; showing love and tenderness

ဆန်း

hsan — Strange; unusual; novel; rare

ကျောင်း

kyaung — School; monastery; educational institution

တစ်ယောက်

ta-yout — One person; alone; a single individual

တည်း

tè — Only; alone; solely; restrictive particle

သာ

tha — Only; just; merely (limiting particle)

တို

to — Short; brief; also plural/diminutive suffix

တောင်း

taung — To ask for; to beg; to request

နီရဲ

ni-yè — Bright red; flushed; deeply red in color

လက်မောင်း

let-maung — Arm; upper arm; forearm region

တိတ်တဆိတ်

tit-ta-hseit — Quietly; silently; secretly; stealthily

ကူညီ

ku-nyi — To help; to assist; to aid someone

မှု

hmu — Nominalization suffix; matter; affair; case

မ

ma — Negation prefix; not; female honorific suffix

ရ

ya — To get; to obtain; to be able to

ဘဲ

bè — Without doing; while not; negative manner particle

အပေါ်

a-paw — On; above; regarding; concerning

သို့

thoe — To; towards; in the direction of

သယ်

thè — To carry; to transport; to bring along

နိုင်

nine — To be able to; can; capable of doing

ပေ

pay — Emphatic or assertive sentence-final particle

အခု

a-hku — Now; currently; at this moment

မူ

mu — As for; regarding; contrastive topic particle

ဂုဏ်သရေ

gon-tha-yay — Honor; dignity; prestige; reputation

ဖြင့်

hpyin — With; by; using; instrumental particle

ထိုင်

htine — To sit; to be seated; to sit down

မည်သည့်

myi-thìn — Which; whatever; whichever; any

မုန့်

mone — Snack; cake; pastry; sweet food item

တင်

tin — To place on; to present; to put up

လာ

la — To come; to arrive; directional verb particle

သိ

thi — To know; to understand; to be aware

ဟန်

han — Manner; appearance; style; pretense

ဆောင်

hsaung — To carry; to bear; to perform; to conduct

သော်လည်း

thaw-lè — However; although; nevertheless; even though

ကြောင်း

kyaung — That; because; quotative/causal connector

နံနက်

nan-net — Morning; early part of the day

တစ်ခု

ta-hku — One thing; a single item or object

လုံး

lone — Whole; entire; all; round-shaped object

ကိတ်မုန့်

kite-mone — Cake; baked sweet cake or pastry

ပြုလုပ်

pyu-lote — To do; to make; to carry out an action

ရာ

ya — Hundred; also a verb nominalizer or place marker

အလုပ်

a-lote — Work; job; task; occupation

ရှုပ်

shote — Complicated; messy; confused; complex

ဟူ

hu — Called; named; literary quotative particle

၍

yway — Therefore; so; connective particle in writing

ပြောင်ပြောင်တင်းတင်း

pyaung-pyaung-tin-tin — Openly; boldly; bluntly; without hesitation

ဖော်ထုတ်

hpaw-htote — To reveal; to expose; to bring out

ထား

hta — To place; to keep; to leave in place

ဆင်းရဲ

hsin-yè — Poor; impoverished; experiencing poverty

မွဲတေ

mwè-tay — Destitute; very poor; lacking basic necessities

အလွန်

a-lwan — Very; extremely; excessively; too much

တွင်ကျယ်

twin-kjè — Widespread; broadly known; prevalent

စွာ

swa — Adverbial suffix meaning in a certain manner

အသိအမှတ်ပြု

a-thi-a-hmat-pyu — To acknowledge; to recognize; to give recognition

ယဉ်ကျေး

yin-kjay — Civilized; cultured; polite; well-mannered

သိမ်မွေ့

thein-mwè — Gentle; refined; delicate; subtle in manner

တို့

tho — Plural marker; we/us/them (group particle)

ဆက်ပွား

set-bwa — To multiply; to spread; to propagate; reproduce

ရလဒ်

ya-lat — Result; outcome; consequence; product

နှစ်ခု

hnit-hku — Two things; a pair; two items

ကောင်း

kaung — Good; well; fine; positive quality

ဟုတ်

hote — Yes; correct; true; right; indeed

လူ့အဖွဲ့အစည်း

lu-a-hpwè-a-si — Society; human organization; community structure

အသိုင်းအဝိုင်း

a-thine-a-wine — Circle; community; social group or circle

မိတ်ဆက်

meit-hset — To introduce; to present one person to another

၎င်း

din-ji — He/she/it/they; formal third-person pronoun (literary)

တိုးတက်

toe-tet — To progress; to advance; to improve; develop

ကောင်းမွန်

kaung-mwan — Good; excellent; fine quality; virtuous

စေ

say — To cause; to make someone do something

မြို့သား

myoe-tha — Townsperson; city dweller; urban resident

စော

saw — Early; soon; ahead of expected time

အိပ်ဝင်

eit-win — To fall asleep; to go to sleep

မီးပန်း

mi-pan — Fireworks; sparkler; decorative fire display

ကိုင်

kine — To hold; to grasp; to handle something

သူ

thu — He; she; they; third-person pronoun

တစ်ဦး

ta-u — One person; an individual (formal counter)

လမ်းပြ

lan-pya — Guide; to show the way; to lead

ည

nya — Night; nighttime; evening hours

ကိုး

ko — Nine; also an emphatic or citation particle

နာရီ

na-yi — Hour; clock; watch (timepiece)

လောက်

lawt — About; approximately; around (quantity marker)

ခြေချပ်

chay-chat — Sock; stocking worn on the foot

ဖိနပ်

hpa-nat — Shoe; footwear; sandal

တ

ta — Nominalizing or connective particle in sentences

ချောင်းချောင်း

chaung-chaung — Clearly audible; distinctly heard; clearly sounded

သံ

thun — Sound; voice; tone; metal (iron)

ထုတ်

htote — To take out; to produce; to extract

ပြန်

pyan — To return; to go back; to translate

မြို့

myoe — Town; city; urban area

တစ်မြို့

ta-myoe — A town; one city; a particular town

ဆယ်နာရီ

hsè-na-yi — Ten o'clock; ten hours

ခွဲ

hkwè — Half; to divide; to split; to separate

အိပ်ရာ

eit-ya — Bed; sleeping place; bedding

ဝင်

win — To enter; to go in; to come inside

အိပ်ပျော်

eit-pyaw — To be fast asleep; deeply sleeping

ပြီ

pyi — Already; completion marker; done; finished

ဖြစ်

hpyit — To be; to become; to happen; to occur