Cranford — Page 1

Vocabulary

XÃ

xã — commune, township; smallest administrative unit in Vietnam

HỘI

hội — society, association, organization, community group

CỦA

của — of, belonging to; possessive particle

CHÚNG

chúng — they, them; plural pronoun for people or things

TÔI

tôi — I, me; first-person singular pronoun

Trước

trước — before, in front of, prior to something

hết

hết — all, finished, completely; to run out of

nằm

nằm — to lie down; to be located or situated somewhere

trong

trong — in, inside, within a place or group

tay

tay — hand; arm; person handling something

những

những — plural marker for nouns; those, these, several

người

người — person, people; human being

phụ

phụ — female; auxiliary, assistant, supplementary

nữ

nữ — woman, female; feminine gender

quyền

quyền — right, power, authority over something

lực

lực — force, strength, power, capability

tất

tất — all, every, entire; used in tất cả

cả

cả — all, whole, entire; even, including everything

ai

ai — who, whoever, anyone, somebody

sở

sở — office, department; to own or possess

hữu

hữu — to own, possess; right side; friendship

nhà

nhà — house, home, building; family

với

với — with, together with; to reach toward

mức

mức — level, rate, degree, standard of something

thuê

thuê — to rent, hire; rental fee or payment

nhất

nhất — most, number one; superlative marker

định

định — to determine, fix, decide; certain, set

trở

trở — to return, become; used in directional phrases

lên

lên — up, upward; to go up, increase

đều

đều — all, equally, without exception; evenly

là

là — to be; linking verb for identity or description

Nếu

nếu — if, in the event that; conditional conjunction

một

một — one; a, an; indefinite article equivalent

cặp

cặp — pair, couple; a set of two things or people

vợ

vợ — wife, married woman, spouse

chồng

chồng — husband, male spouse

đến

đến — to come, arrive, reach a destination

cư

cư — to reside, dwell, live in a place

thị

thị — town, urban area; market, city district

trấn

trấn — town; to guard, suppress; small settlement

bằng

bằng — by means of, using; equal, flat, level

cách

cách — way, method, manner of doing something

nào

nào — which, what, any; interrogative or indefinite pronoun

đó

đó — that, there; demonstrative pronoun for distant things

đàn

đàn — group, herd; musical instrument; to play music

ông

ông — grandfather; Mr.; respectful term for older man

sẽ

sẽ — will, shall; future tense marker

biến

biến — to disappear, transform, change suddenly

mất

mất — to lose, disappear, be gone; to die

anh

anh — older brother; he/him for young adult males

ta

ta — we, us; I, me in informal contexts

hoặc

hoặc — or, either; used for alternatives or choices

bị

bị — passive marker; to suffer, undergo something negative

sợ

sợ — to fear, be afraid of something

hãi

hãi — frightened, terrified; used in sợ hãi (afraid)

thất

thất — to lose, fail; seven; house, room

thần

thần — spirit, god, deity; mind, consciousness

vì

vì — because, for the sake of; causal conjunction

duy

duy — only, solely, unique; used in compounds

các

các — plural marker; the, various, several things

buổi

buổi — session, period of day; occasion or event time

tiệc

tiệc — party, banquet, feast, celebratory meal

tối

tối — evening, night; dark, darkest

ở

ở — at, in; to live, reside, stay somewhere

được

được — to be able to, can; to receive or obtain

giải

giải — to explain, solve, release; prize, award

thích

thích — to like, enjoy; to explain (giải thích)

đang

đang — currently, in the process of; present tense marker

cùng

cùng — together, along with; same, at the same time

trung

trung — middle, central; loyal, faithful

đoàn

đoàn — regiment, group, delegation, organization unit

con

con — child; classifier for animals and some objects

tàu

tàu — ship, vessel, train; Chinese (informal)

mình

mình — oneself, myself; body; intimate pronoun between spouses

hay

hay — or; interesting, good; often, habitually

bận

bận — busy, occupied; to be preoccupied with tasks

rộn

rộn — bustling, busy, noisy, hectic

công

công — work, labor, merit; public, official

việc

việc — work, job, task, matter, affair

suốt

suốt — throughout, all through, the whole duration

tuần

tuần — week; period of seven days

tại

tại — at, in a location; because of, due to

thương

thương — trade, commerce; to love, feel sorry for

mại

mại — commerce, trade; used in thương mại (commerce)

lớn

lớn — large, big, great, grown-up

lân

lân — neighboring, adjacent; unicorn (mythical creature)

cận

cận — near, close, adjacent; nearby

chỉ

chỉ — only, just, merely; to point at something

hai

hai — two; the number 2

mươi

mươi — tens digit marker; used in numbers 20–90

dặm

dặm — mile; unit of distance measurement

theo

theo — to follow, according to, along with

đường

đường — road, street, path; sugar

sắt

sắt — iron, steel; firm, rigid; railroad (đường sắt)

Nói

nói — to speak, say, talk, tell something

tóm

tóm — to summarize, grasp, seize; in short

lại

lại — again, back; to come; however, in contrast

dù

dù — although, even though, regardless of

số

số — number, quantity; fate, destiny

phận

phận — fate, lot, destiny assigned to someone

ấy

ấy — that, those; demonstrative pronoun for nearby referent

ra

ra — to go out, come out; outward direction

sao

sao — star; how, why; so, thus

họ

họ — they, them; family clan, surname

không

không — no, not, zero; negation word

có

có — to have, possess; there is/are; yes

mặt

mặt — face; surface; presence, to be present

Họ

họ — they, them; family name, clan

thể

thể — can, able to; body, form; style

làm

làm — to do, make, work, perform an action

gì

gì — what, anything; interrogative pronoun

nếu

nếu — if, supposing that; conditional conjunction

Vị

vị — position, status; classifier for respected persons

bác

bác — uncle/aunt; doctor (informal); older relative

sĩ

sĩ — scholar, professional; suffix for doctor or officer

phẫu

phẫu — surgical, relating to surgery; to operate on

thuật

thuật — technique, art, skill; surgical procedure

vòng

vòng — round, circle, loop; to go around

tra

tra — to investigate, inspect, examine; rounds of inspection

ba

ba — three; father (informal)

và

và — and; conjunction joining words or clauses

ngủ

ngủ — to sleep, rest at night

nhưng

nhưng — but, however; adversative conjunction

phải

phải — must, have to; right, correct; right side

cũng

cũng — also, too, as well; likewise

Để

để — to let, allow; in order to, so that

trì

trì — to maintain, delay; used in duy trì (maintain)

khu

khu — area, zone, district, section of a place

vườn

vườn — garden, yard, orchard, cultivated outdoor space

gọn

gọn — neat, tidy, compact, orderly

gàng

gàng — tidy, orderly; used in gọn gàng (neat and tidy)

đầy

đầy — full, filled, abundant with something

ắp

ắp — overflowing, packed full; used in đầy ắp

loài

loài — species, kind, type of living thing

hoa

hoa — flower, blossom; flower pattern or design

quý

quý — precious, rare, valuable; to treasure something

mà

mà — but, yet, whereas; relative particle

cọng

cọng — stalk, stem, strand of a plant

cỏ

cỏ — grass, weed, herb growing on ground

dại

dại — wild, undomesticated; foolish, reckless

vẩn

vẩn — turbid, murky, cloudy; used in vẩn đục

đục

đục — cloudy, opaque, murky; to drill, chisel

để

để — to place, put; in order to; to let

xua

xua — to chase away, drive off, shoo away

đuổi

đuổi — to chase, pursue, drive away, dismiss

cậu

cậu — young boy; maternal uncle; informal you/I

bé

bé — small, little; young child, baby

nhìn

nhìn — to look, gaze, watch, observe something

đắm

đắm — to sink; deeply absorbed, infatuated, enchanted

đuối

đuối — exhausted; drowning; used in đắm đuối (longingly)

vào

vào — into, in; to enter; inward direction

bông

bông — flower, blossom; cotton; fluffy object

qua

qua — through, past, across; to pass by

hàng

hàng — row, line; goods, merchandise; shop

rào

rào — fence, barrier, hedge around an area

chạy

chạy — to run, flee, operate, function

ngỗng

ngỗng — goose; domestic waterfowl bird

thỉnh

thỉnh — occasionally; to request respectfully; used in thỉnh thoảng

thoảng

thoảng — occasionally, sometimes, now and then

lạc

lạc — to get lost, stray; peanut; to wander

khi

khi — when, at the time that; temporal conjunction

cổng

cổng — gate, main entrance of a house or building

ngỏ

ngỏ — open, ajar; to express, state openly

quyết

quyết — to decide, resolve firmly; determined

mọi

mọi — every, all, each; every single one

vấn

vấn — question, matter, issue; used in vấn đề

đề

đề — topic, issue, problem, subject matter

về

về — about, regarding; to return home

văn

văn — literature, writing, culture, language arts

học

học — to study, learn; academic, scholarly

chính

chính — political; main, principal, official

trị

trị — politics; to govern, treat, manage

cần

cần — to need, require; diligent, hardworking

tâm

tâm — heart, mind, center; psychology, spirit

lý

lý — reason, logic, principle; psychology

lẽ

lẽ — reason, logic, principle; perhaps, maybe

lập

lập — to establish, set up, found; independent

luận

luận — argument, reasoning, discussion, theory

thiết

thiết — essential, necessary; to establish, set up

nắm

nắm — to grasp, hold, seize; to master knowledge

bắt

bắt — to catch, grab, arrest; to begin

thông

thông — to communicate, connect; clear, fluent, thorough

tin

tin — news, information; to believe, trust

rõ

rõ — clear, evident, distinct, obvious

ràng

clear, definite; used in rõ ràng (clearly)

xác

xác — accurate, precise; corpse, body; to confirm

giáo

giáo — religion; teaching; parish (giáo xứ)

xứ

xứ — parish, region, land, territory

giữ

giữ — to keep, hold, maintain, guard something

cho

cho — for, to give; so that, in order to

hầu

hầu — servant, maid; to serve; almost, nearly

gái

gái — girl, female; daughter

trật

trật — order, discipline; wrong, incorrect

tự

tự — self, by oneself; order, discipline (trật tự)

đáng

đáng — worthy, deserving, worth something

khâm

khâm — to admire greatly; used in khâm phục

phục

phục — to admire, submit; to restore; admiration

lòng

lòng — heart, mind, feelings, inner self

tốt

tốt — good, kind, nice, well, fine

đôi

đôi — pair, couple; somewhat, a little bit

phần

phần — part, portion, share; somewhat, to some degree

độc

độc — alone, single; toxic, poisonous; authoritarian

đoán

đoán — to guess, predict; authoritarian (độc đoán)

đối

đối — toward, with regard to; opposite, facing

nghèo

nghèo — poor, impoverished, lacking financial resources

sự

sự — nominalizer for abstract concepts; matter, affair

giúp

giúp — to help, assist, aid someone

đỡ

đỡ — to support, hold up; to help; better, relieved

chân

chân — foot, leg; sincere, genuine, true

thành

thành — sincere, honest; city wall; to become

dịu

dịu — gentle, soft, mild, tender in manner

dàng

dàng — gentle, graceful; used in dịu dàng (gently)

dành

dành — to reserve, set aside, dedicate for someone

nhau

nhau — each other, one another; reciprocal pronoun

mỗi

mỗi — each, every individual one

gặp

gặp — to meet, encounter, face a situation

khó

khó — difficult, hard, tough, challenging

khăn

khăn — cloth, towel, scarf; difficulty (khó khăn)

bà

bà — grandmother; Mrs.; respectful term for older woman

hoàn

hoàn — complete, whole; to return, restore fully

toàn

toàn — completely, entirely, wholly; all, total

đủ

đủ — enough, sufficient, adequate for a purpose

sức

sức — strength, energy, capacity, physical ability