Cranford — Page 11

Vocabulary

Tôi

First person singular pronoun meaning 'I' or 'me'

không

Negation word meaning 'no' or 'not'

biết

To know or be aware of something

cô

Pronoun or title for a young woman

ấy

Demonstrative meaning 'that' referring to someone

có

To have or there is or exists

xinh

Pretty or cute in appearance

đẹp

Beautiful or attractive in appearance

hay

Or; also means interesting or good

nhưng

Conjunction meaning 'but' showing contrast

tôi

First person singular pronoun meaning 'I'

thích

To like or enjoy something

khuôn

Shape or frame, often used with 'mặt'

mặt

Face or surface of a person

của

Possessive particle meaning 'of' or 'belonging to'

và

Conjunction meaning 'and' connecting elements

mọi

Every or all, referring to all people or things

người

Person or people, human being

cũng

Also or too, indicating similarity

vậy

So or like that, indicating manner

nghĩ

To think or believe something

thể

Can or able to, indicating possibility

che

To cover or shield something

giấu

To hide or conceal something from others

được

To be able to or successfully accomplish

những

Plural marker for nouns indicating multiple items

đồng

Vietnamese currency unit; also means copper

tiền

Money or currency in general

lúm

Dimple on the cheek or chin

mình

Oneself or one's own body

Cô

Title or pronoun for a young woman

đôi

A pair or couple of things

chút

A little bit or small amount

dáng

Figure or posture of a person

vẻ

Appearance or look of something

hoạt

Active or lively in movement

bát

Lively, brisk; also means bowl

trong

In, inside, or within a space

bước

Step or stride while walking

đi

To go or walk somewhere

cử

Gesture or movement of the body

chỉ

Gesture; also means only or just

cha

Father or male parent

bất

Prefix meaning 'any' or 'un-' negation

kỳ

Any; used in 'bất kỳ' meaning 'any'

quan

To observe or relate to observation

sát

To observe closely or examine carefully

nào

Which or any, used in questions

là

To be, linking subject and predicate

phụ

Female or auxiliary, used in compounds

nữ

Woman or female gender

đều

All or equally, indicating uniformity

nhận

To receive or recognize something

ra

Out or outward; indicates realization

một

One or a single item

sự

Nominalizing particle for abstract nouns

khác

Different or other than expected

biệt

Distinct or separate from others

nhỏ

Small or little in size

trang

Page or attire, used in 'trang phục'

phục

Clothing or costume, used in compounds

hai

The number two

chị

Older sister or respectful term for woman

em

Younger sibling or humble first person

đắt

Expensive or costly in price

hơn

More than, comparative marker

khoảng

About or approximately a quantity

bảng

British pound currency unit; also board

mỗi

Each or every individual item

năm

Year; also means the number five

Hai

Two; used here as 'both' or 'two'

khoản

Item or amount of expenditure

lớn

Large or big in size or amount

các

Plural marker for definite nouns

chi

To spend or expenditure in finance

tiêu

To spend money or consume resources

hàng

Goods or row; used in 'hàng ngày'

Thuyền

Boat or vessel on water

trưởng

Leader or chief of a group

Đó

That, demonstrative pointing to something

ấn

To press or impress; used in 'ấn tượng'

tượng

Impression or statue; used in 'ấn tượng'

mà

But or which; relative or contrast particle

gia

Family or household, used in compounds

đình

Family; used in 'gia đình' meaning family

để

To put, leave, or in order to

lại

Again or to leave behind

khi

When, indicating a point in time

lần

Time or instance of an occurrence

đầu

First or head, beginning of something

tiên

First; used in 'đầu tiên' meaning first

nhìn

To look at or observe visually

thấy

To see or perceive with eyes

họ

They or them, third person plural

cùng

Together or at the same time

nhau

Each other or one another

tại

At a specific location or place

Nhà

House or building; used in compounds

thờ

To worship; 'nhà thờ' means church

đã

Past tense marker indicating completed action

gặp

To meet or encounter someone

vị

Honorific classifier for respected persons

trước

Before or in front of something

đó

That or there, demonstrative pronoun

vào

Into or on, indicating entry or time

dịp

Occasion or opportunity for an event

chiếc

Classifier for single objects like vehicles

ống

Tube or pipe, cylindrical object

khói

Smoke from fire or engine

bị

Passive voice marker for negative actions

ông

He or grandfather, respectful male title

khắc

To engrave or carve into a surface

bằng

By means of or made of material

cách

Way or method of doing something

thay

To replace or change something

đổi

To change or exchange something

đơn

Simple or single, not complicated

giản

Simple; used in 'đơn giản' meaning simple

dẫn

To lead or guide in a direction

Trong

Inside or within a space

nhà

House or home, place of residence

đưa

To give or hand something to someone

kính

Glasses or eyewear; also means respect

mắt

Eye or eyes of a person

lên

Up or upward direction

suốt

Throughout or all along a duration

bài

Lesson, song, or written piece

Thánh

Holy or sacred, used in compounds

ca

Song or hymn, especially religious

Buổi

Session or period of the day

sáng

Morning or bright light

rồi

Then or already, indicating completion

ngẩng

To raise or lift the head up

thẳng

Straight or directly without bending

hát

To sing a song

to

Loud or big in sound or size

vui

Happy or joyful in mood

Ông

He or Mr., respectful title for older man

đáp

To reply or respond to someone

cả

All or even, inclusive marker

thư

Letter or secretary in compounds

ký

To sign or secretary role

lão

Old or elderly, often used for older men

với

With or together with someone

giọng

Voice tone or accent of speaking

yếu

Weak or feeble in strength

ớt

Chili pepper; in 'yếu ớt' means feeble

the

High-pitched or shrill in voice quality

thé

Shrill or piercing sound of voice

cảm

To feel or sense an emotion

bực

Annoyed or irritated feeling

bội

Annoyed; 'bực bội' means irritated or vexed

trầm

Deep or low in tone or sound

vang

Resonant or echoing sound

vì

Because or for the reason that

run

To shake or tremble involuntarily

rẩy

To tremble; 'run rẩy' means to shiver

cao

High or tall in position or pitch

Khi

When, a conjunction of time

khỏi

Away from or recovered from something

dành

To reserve or dedicate for someone

tâm

Heart or mind, inner self

ga

Station; in this context part of a phrase

lăng

Gallant; 'ga lăng' means chivalrous

nhất

Most or superlative degree marker

cho

For or to give to someone

con

Child or classifier for animals

gái

Girl or daughter, female child