Crime and Punishment — Page 3

Vocabulary

Ông

ông — He/him (respectful pronoun for older male)

đã

đã — Past tense marker indicating completed action

có

có — To have; to exist

dấu

dấu — Sign, mark, or trace of something

hiệu

hiệu — Signal, sign, or indication

của

của — Possessive particle meaning 'of' or 'belonging to'

một

một — The number one; indefinite article 'a'

căn

căn — Classifier for houses, rooms, or illnesses

bệnh

bệnh — Illness, disease, or sickness

thần

thần — Spirit, deity; relating to nerves or mind

kinh

kinh — Nerve; scripture; relating to neural system

mơ

mơ — To dream; vague or hazy

hồ

hồ — Lake; vague or unclear

nào

nào — Which; some (interrogative or indefinite word)

đó

đó — That; there (demonstrative pronoun)

trước

trước — Before, in front of, previously

khi

khi — When; at the time of

bị

bị — Passive marker indicating undesirable experience

bắt

bắt — To catch, arrest, or seize someone

và

và — And (conjunction connecting words or clauses)

này

này — This (demonstrative pronoun, near speaker)

nay

nay — Now, nowadays, at present

phát

phát — To develop, emit, or issue forth

triển

triển — To expand or develop (used in compounds)

thành

thành — To become; city or fortress

những

những — Plural marker for nouns in Vietnamese

cơn

cơn — Classifier for sudden episodes like seizures

động

động — To move; convulsion or trembling motion

dữ

dữ — Fierce, violent, or severe

dội

dội — Intense, violent, or reverberating

mà

mà — But, yet; relative clause connector

ông

ông — He/him (respectful pronoun for older male)

phải

phải — Must, have to; correct or right

chịu

chịu — To endure, bear, or tolerate suffering

đựng

đựng — To contain; to endure or put up with

cho

cho — For; to give; until (preposition/conjunction)

đến

đến — To arrive; until; to (direction)

hết

hết — To end, finish, run out completely

cuộc

cuộc — Classifier for events, contests, or life

đời

đời — Life, lifetime, or generation

Các

các — Plural determiner meaning 'the' or 'various'

co

co — To contract, shrink; spasm or cramp

giật

giật — To jerk, twitch, or convulse suddenly

xảy

xảy — To occur or happen (used in compounds)

ra

ra — To come out; directional particle outward

ba

ba — The number three

hoặc

hoặc — Or (conjunction presenting alternatives)

bốn

bốn — The number four

lần

lần — Time, instance, occurrence of an event

năm

năm — Year; the number five

thường

thường — Often, usually, commonly; ordinary

xuyên

xuyên — Through, continuous; used in 'thường xuyên' (frequently)

hơn

hơn — More than; comparative particle

trong

trong — In, inside, within; clear or transparent

giai

giai — Stage, phase, or period (in compounds)

đoạn

đoạn — Segment, phase, or period of time

căng

căng — Tense, tight, stretched; stressful

thẳng

thẳng — Straight; tense (in 'căng thẳng' = stress)

lớn

lớn — Large, big, great in size or degree

Vào

vào — In, into; at a specific time

được

được — To be allowed; to receive; positive passive marker

phép

phép — Permission, rule, or polite manner

trở

trở — To return or turn back

về

về — To return; about, concerning a topic

Nga

Nga — Russia (country name in Vietnamese)

sáng

sáng — To found/establish; bright; morning

lập

lập — To establish or set up (in compounds)

tờ

tờ — Classifier for newspapers, sheets of paper

tạp

tạp — Miscellaneous; used in 'tạp chí' (magazine)

chí

chí — Will, ambition; magazine (in 'tạp chí')

cơ

cơ — Agency, organ, or mechanism (in compounds)

quan

quan — Official, organ, or authority body

kiểm

kiểm — To check, inspect, or control

duyệt

duyệt — To review, approve, or censor

cấm

cấm — To prohibit, ban, or forbid

do

do — Due to, because of; by (cause marker)

sự

sự — Nominalizer for abstract nouns and events

hiểu

hiểu — To understand or comprehend something

lầm

lầm — Mistake, error; to misunderstand

Năm

năm — Year; the number five

mất

mất — To lose; to die; to be gone

người

người — Person, people; human being

vợ

vợ — Wife (one's female spouse)

đầu

đầu — Head; first; beginning of something

anh

anh — Older brother; respectful male pronoun

trai

trai — Male; boy (used in 'anh trai' = older brother)

đang

đang — Progressive marker indicating ongoing action

cảnh

cảnh — Scene, situation, or circumstance

nghèo

nghèo — Poor, impoverished, lacking money

túng

túng — Destitute, in dire financial straits

khủng

khủng — Terrible, horrifying, enormous (in compounds)

khiếp

khiếp — Frightening, dreadful; to be terrified

thế

thế — Like that; world; posture or situation

nhưng

nhưng — But, however (adversative conjunction)

tự

tự — Self, by oneself; voluntarily

gánh

gánh — To carry on a shoulder pole; to bear burden

lấy

lấy — To take; reflexive marker indicating self-action

việc

việc — Work, task, matter, or affair

trả

trả — To pay back, return, or repay

các

các — Plural determiner for multiple specific things

món

món — Classifier for dishes, items, or debts

nợ

nợ — Debt; to owe someone something

thêm

thêm — More, additional, extra amount

khác

khác — Other, different, another

cũng

cũng — Also, too, as well

chỉ

chỉ — Only, just, merely

vòng

vòng — Around, within; circle or loop

vài

vài — A few, several (small indefinite number)

tháng

tháng — Month (unit of time)

đè

đè — To press down, weigh down, oppress

nặng

nặng — Heavy, weighty, serious, severe

bởi

bởi — Because of, due to, caused by

gia

gia — Family, household (used in compounds)

đình

đình — Family; communal house (in 'gia đình')

phụ

phụ — To depend; secondary; female (in compounds)

thuộc

thuộc — To belong to; to depend on

vào

vào — Into, in; at a specific time

buộc

buộc — To force, compel, or be obliged to

viết

viết — To write (text, letters, or books)

với

với — With; at a rate or speed

tốc

tốc — Speed, pace, rate (in compounds)

độ

độ — Degree, level, speed (in compounds)

đau

đau — Painful, hurting; aching

lòng

lòng — Heart, mind, feelings; interior

ta

ta — We, us; I (informal first person)

nói

nói — To speak, say, or tell

rằng

rằng — That (complementizer introducing reported speech)

chưa

chưa — Not yet (negation of incomplete action)

bao

bao — Ever, how much; envelope (in compounds)

giờ

giờ — Hour; now; time

sửa

sửa — To revise, fix, or correct something

lại

lại — Again; back; directional particle returning

tác

tác — Work, creation (used in 'tác phẩm')

phẩm

phẩm — Work, product; quality (in compounds)

mình

mình — Oneself; body; intimate pronoun

Những

những — Plural marker for nouns in Vietnamese

cuối

cuối — End, last, final part of something

làm

làm — To do, make, or perform an action

dịu

dịu — Gentle, mild, soothing, softened

đi

đi — To go; directional particle; imperative marker

rất

rất — Very, extremely (intensifying adverb)

nhiều

nhiều — Many, much, a lot of

nhờ

nhờ — Thanks to; to ask a favor of

dàng

dàng — Easy (in 'dễ dàng'); graceful manner

tận

tận — Utterly, completely; devoted to the end

tụy

tụy — Dedicated, devoted (in 'tận tụy')

thứ

thứ — Ordinal marker (second, third); type or kind

hai

hai — The number two

Sáu

sáu — Six; June (tháng sáu)

bài

bài — Classifier for speeches, essays, songs

biểu

biểu — To express, display; speech (in compounds)

nổi

nổi — To float; famous, prominent, outstanding

tiếng

tiếng — Sound, voice; language; famous

tại

tại — At, in (a specific location)

lễ

lễ — Ceremony, festival, or ritual event

khánh

khánh — Celebration; used in 'khánh thành' (inauguration)

tượng

tượng — Statue, monument, or image

đài

đài — Monument, tower, or broadcasting station

ở

ở — To live at; located at; at (place)

đón

đón — To welcome, receive, or greet someone

tiếp

tiếp — To receive, continue, or welcome guests

hiện

hiện — Present, current; to appear or manifest

phi

phi — Beyond, extraordinary; non- (prefix)

tình

tình — Love, feeling, emotion, sentiment

yêu

yêu — To love; love (romantic or affectionate)

tôn

tôn — To respect, revere, or honor someone

kính

kính — To respect; glasses; mirror

Vài

vài — A few, several (small indefinite number)

sau

sau — After, later, behind, following

qua

qua — To pass; to pass away; through

tiễn

tiễn — To see off, bid farewell to someone

đưa

đưa — To give, bring, escort, or lead

nơi

nơi — Place, location, or spot

an

an — Peaceful, safe, at rest

nghỉ

nghỉ — To rest, take a break, repose

cùng

cùng — Together with; same; at the same time

đám

đám — Crowd, group; classifier for gatherings

đông

đông — Crowded, full of people; east; winter

tang

tang — Funeral, mourning (in 'đám tang' = funeral)

đảo

đảo — Island; to reverse or overturn

dành

dành — To dedicate, reserve, or set aside for

đàn

đàn — Group, flock; musical instrument

bất

bất — Unfortunate, ill-fated (negative prefix)

hạnh

hạnh — Happiness, fortune; virtue (in compounds)

xứng

xứng — Worthy, deserving, befitting of

tầm

tầm — Level, caliber, range, or scope

bậc

bậc — Rank, level, step; a person of status

vương

vương — Royal, kingly, princely status

giả

giả — Person (suffix); false or fake

vẫn

vẫn — Still, yet, continuing as before

lẽ

lẽ — Reason, logic; 'lẽ ra' means 'should have'

là

là — To be (copula verb in Vietnamese)

nhà

nhà — House; home; person of a field

văn

văn — Literature, writing, culture

đọc

đọc — To read (text, books, or writing)

rộng

rộng — Wide, broad, spacious, widespread

rãi

rãi — Spread out, widely (in 'rộng rãi')

nhất

nhất — Most (superlative marker); number one