Frankenstein; or, the modern prometheus — Page 9

Vocabulary

ที่

thîi — at, place, that, which (relative pronoun or location marker)

นี่

nîi — this, here (demonstrative pronoun for nearby objects or places)

หยุด

yùt — stop, halt, cease (verb for stopping an action)

ชั่วคราว

chûa-khraao — temporary, temporarily (for a limited time, not permanent)

ไม่

mâi — not, no (negation particle used before verbs/adjectives)

รู้

rúu — know, understand (verb for knowledge or awareness)

แน่ชัด

nâe-chát — certain, sure, definite (clearly known without doubt)

ว่า

wâa — that (conjunction introducing reported speech or subordinate clauses)

จะ

jà — will, shall (future tense marker or intention particle)

ดำเนิน

dam-nəən — proceed, carry out, conduct (verb for continuing action)

ไป

pai — go, away (verb of motion or directional particle)

ตาม

taam — follow, according to, along (preposition or verb)

ทาง

thaang — way, path, direction, route (noun for direction/method)

ไหน

nǎi — which, where (interrogative word for asking location/choice)

เมื่อ

mʉ̂a — when (conjunction for time clauses or past events)

ได้ยิน

dâi-yin — hear (verb for perceiving sound with ears)

เสียง

sǐang — sound, voice, noise (noun for auditory perception)

พูดคุย

phûut-khui — talk, chat, converse (verb for having a conversation)

ซึ่ง

sʉ̂ng — which, that (relative pronoun for formal/written language)

ทำให้

tham-hâi — make, cause (causative construction to make something happen)

ซ่อนตัว

sɔ̂n-tua — hide oneself, go into hiding (verb phrase)

อยู่

yùu — be, stay, located (verb indicating existence or location)

ใต้

tâi — under, beneath, below (preposition for position under something)

ร่มเงา

rôm-ngao — shade, shadow (noun for shaded area under trees)

ของ

khɔ̌ɔng — of, belonging to (possessive particle showing ownership)

ต้น

tôn — tree, beginning, classifier for trees (noun or classifier)

แทบ

thɛ̂ɛp — almost, nearly, barely (adverb indicating something almost happened)

ยัง

yang — still, yet (adverb for ongoing state or negation)

ทัน

than — in time, catch up, able to (verb)

หญิงสาว

yǐng-sǎao — young woman, girl (noun for female person)

คน

khon — person, people (noun and classifier for humans)

หนึ่ง

nʉ̀ng — one (number, also means 'a' or 'an')

วิ่ง

wîng — run (verb for fast movement on foot)

มา

maa — come (verb of motion toward speaker)

จุด

jùt — point, spot, dot (noun for location or mark)

ซ่อน

sɔ̂n — hide, conceal (verb for making something not visible)

หัวเราะ

hǔa-rɔ́ — laugh (verb for expressing amusement with sound)

เล่น

lên — play (verb for recreational activity or performance)

ราว

raao — about, approximately, as if (preposition or conjunction)

กับ

kàp — with, and (preposition for accompaniment or conjunction)

เธอ

thəə — you, she, her (pronoun for informal second/third person)

กำลัง

kam-lang — currently, in the process of (progressive aspect marker)

หนี

nǐi — flee, escape, run away (verb for escaping danger)

ใคร

khrai — who, someone (interrogative or indefinite pronoun for person)

บางคน

baang-khon — someone, some people (indefinite pronoun for unspecified person)

อย่าง

yàang — manner, way, kind (noun for type or method)

สนุกสนาน

sà-nùk-sà-nǎan — fun, enjoyable, entertaining (adjective describing pleasant activity)

ต่อ

tɔ̀ɔ — continue, connect, toward (verb or preposition)

ริม

rim — edge, rim, beside (noun for boundary or border)

หน้าผา

nâa-phǎa — cliff (steep rock face or precipice)

แม่น้ำ

mɛ̂ɛ-náam — river (large natural stream of water)

ทันใดนั้น

than-dai-nán — suddenly, all of a sudden (adverb for unexpected event)

เท้า

tháo — foot, leg (body part below ankle)

ลื่น

lʉ̂ʉn — slip, slide, slippery (verb or adjective)

และ

lɛ́ — and (conjunction connecting words, phrases, or clauses)

ตก

tòk — fall, drop (verb for downward motion by gravity)

ลง

long — down, descend (directional verb or particle indicating downward)

ใน

nai — in, inside, within (preposition for location inside something)

กระแส

krà-sɛ̌ɛ — current, flow, stream (noun for water or trend)

น้ำ

náam — water (liquid, common beverage and natural element)

เชี่ยว

chîao — swift, rapid, strong (adjective for fast-moving water/current)

รีบ

rîip — hurry, rush (verb for doing something quickly)

ออก

ɔ̀ɔk — out, exit (directional verb or particle indicating outward)

จาก

jàak — from (preposition indicating origin or source)

ด้วย

dûai — with, also, by means of (preposition or particle)

ความ

khwaam — noun prefix (nominalizes adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns)

พยายาม

phá-yaa-yaam — try, attempt, effort (verb or noun for trying)

หนัก

nàk — heavy, hard, severe (adjective for weight or difficulty)

ท่ามกลาง

thâam-glaang — amid, amidst, in the midst of (preposition)

แรง

rɛɛng — force, strength, strong (noun or adjective)

ช่วย

chûai — help, assist (verb for providing assistance or aid)

ไว้

wái — keep, maintain (particle indicating retention or purpose)

ลาก

lâak — drag, pull (verb for pulling something along surface)

ขึ้น

khʉ̂n — up, ascend (directional verb or particle indicating upward)

ฝั่ง

fàng — shore, bank, side (noun for land beside water)

หมดสติ

mòt-sà-tì — unconscious, faint (lose consciousness, pass out)

ทุก

thúk — every, all (determiner indicating totality or entirety)

วิถีทาง

wí-thǐi-thaang — way, method, means (noun for approach or path)

ทำ

tham — do, make (general verb for actions or creation)

ได้

dâi — can, able, get (auxiliary verb or particle)

เพื่อ

phʉ̂a — for, in order to (preposition indicating purpose)

ฟื้น

fʉ́ʉn — revive, recover, regain consciousness (verb for restoration)

คืน

khʉʉn — return, give back, night (verb or noun)

ถูก

thùuk — correct, passive marker, cheap (adjective or grammar particle)

ขัด

khàt — obstruct, scrub, contradict (verb with multiple meanings)

จังหวะ

jang-wà — rhythm, timing, moment (noun for beat or occasion)

กะทันหัน

kà-than-hǎn — sudden, abrupt, unexpected (adjective or adverb)

การ

gaan — the (nominalizer turning verbs into nouns or gerunds)

เข้า

khâo — enter, into (verb or directional particle indicating inward)

ชาวชนบท

chaao-chon-ná-bòt — villager, rural people, peasant (noun for countryside residents)

น่า

nâa — worthy, likely, should (prefix making adjectives or suggestions)

เป็น

pen — be, is, are (copula verb for states)

เห็น

hěn — see, visible (verb for visual perception)

เขา

khǎo — he, she, they, him, her (third person pronoun)

พุ่ง

phûng — rush, dart, surge forward (verb for sudden movement)

หา

hǎa — look for, find, toward (verb or preposition)

ดึง

dʉng — pull, tug (verb for pulling something toward oneself)

อ้อมแขน

ɔ̂ɔm-khɛ̌ɛn — arms, embrace (noun for encircling with arms)

รีบเร่ง

rîip-rêng — hurry, rush, hasten (verb indicating urgent action)

ส่วน

sùan — part, section, portion (noun for component or division)

ลึก

lʉ́k — deep, profound (adjective for depth or intensity)

กว่า

gwàa — more than, comparative marker (particle for comparison)

ป่า

pàa — forest, jungle, wild (noun for wooded area)

รวดเร็ว

rûat-reo — fast, quick, rapid (adjective for high speed)

เลย

ləəi — at all, very, pass (particle for emphasis)

ทำไม

tham-mai — why (interrogative word asking for reason or cause)

แต่

tɛ̀ɛ — but, however, only (conjunction or particle)

ชาย

chaai — man, male (noun for adult male person)

นั้น

nán — that (demonstrative pronoun for distant objects or known things)

ใกล้

glâi — near, close, nearby (adjective or preposition for proximity)

เล็ง

leng — aim, target (verb for pointing weapon or gaze)

ปืน

pʉʉn — gun, firearm (noun for shooting weapon)

ถือ

thʉ̌ʉ — hold, carry, consider (verb for grasping or regarding)

ร่างกาย

râang-gaai — body (physical human or animal body)

ยิง

ying — shoot, fire (verb for discharging a weapon)

ล้ม

lóm — fall down, collapse, topple (verb for falling over)

พื้น

phʉ́ʉn — floor, ground, surface (noun for base or foundation)

ผู้

phûu — person who, one who (formal prefix for people)

ทำร้าย

tham-ráai — harm, hurt, assault (verb for causing injury)

ว่องไว

wɔ̂ng-wai — agile, quick, nimble (adjective for swift movement)

เพิ่ม

phəəm — add, increase (verb for making more or greater)

คือ

khʉʉ — is, that is, namely (copula for definition)

รางวัล

raang-wan — reward, prize, award (noun for recognition or prize)

แห่ง

hɛ̀ng — of, classifier for places (formal possessive or classifier)

เมตตา

mêet-taa — compassion, kindness, mercy (noun from Buddhist concept)

กรุณา

gà-rú-naa — please, mercy, compassion (polite request or Buddhist virtue)

มนุษย์

má-nút — human, mankind (formal/literary word for human being)

พินาศ

phí-nâat — perish, destroy, ruin (verb for destruction or downfall)

ตอบแทน

tɔ̀ɔp-thɛɛn — repay, reciprocate, reward (verb for returning favor/payment)

ดิ้นรน

dîn-ron — struggle, writhe (verb for struggling in difficulty or pain)

เจ็บปวด

jèp-pùat — painful, hurt, ache (adjective or verb for pain)

อัน

an — classifier, one, which (classifier for objects or relative pronoun)

บาดแผล

bàat-phlɛ̌ɛ — wound, injury (noun for cut or damage to body)

ทำลาย

tham-laai — destroy, damage, ruin (verb for causing destruction)

เนื้อ

nʉ́a — meat, flesh, substance (noun for animal tissue)

กระดูก

grà-dùuk — bone (hard tissue forming skeleton)