History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire — Volume 1 — Page 9

Vocabulary

が

ga — Subject marker particle in Japanese grammar.

他

ta / hoka — Other; another; the rest.

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle.

追随

tsuizui — Following; imitation; keeping pace with someone.

を

wo — Object marker particle in Japanese grammar.

許さ

yurusa — Stem of 'to permit'; allow; forgive.

ない

nai — Negative auxiliary; does not; is not.

は

wa — Topic marker particle in Japanese grammar.

まさに

masa ni — Exactly; precisely; indeed; just so.

この

kono — This; referring to something nearby or just mentioned.

崇高

suukoo — Sublime; lofty; noble; exalted in character.

な

na — Adjectival linking particle for na-adjectives.

ゴシック

Goshikku — Gothic; referring to Gothic architectural or literary style.

建築

kenchiku — Architecture; the art of designing buildings.

的

teki — Suffix meaning '-like', '-al', or '-ish'.

作品

sakuhin — Work of art, literature, or creative production.

構造

kouzou — Structure; construction; framework of something.

において

ni oite — In; at; regarding; within a given context.

で

de — Particle indicating location, means, or context.

あり

ari — Connective form of 'to be'; exists; is.

そこ

soko — There; that place; that point.

無限

mugen — Infinite; limitless; boundless in extent.

広がり

hirogari — Expanse; spread; extent of something spreading out.

無尽蔵

mujinzou — Inexhaustible; boundless supply; endless storehouse.

多様性

tayousei — Diversity; variety; multiplicity of forms or types.

そして

soshite — And; and then; connecting clauses or sentences.

一見

ikken — At first glance; seemingly; on the surface.

する

suru — To do; to perform; general-purpose action verb.

と

to — Particle meaning 'and', 'with', or quotation marker.

不調和

fuchouwa — Disharmony; discord; lack of agreement or balance.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or target.

見える

mieru — To appear; to seem; to be visible.

各

kaku — Each; every; respective individual part or member.

部分

bubun — Part; portion; section of a whole.

絢爛

kenran — Gorgeous; dazzling; brilliant and resplendent in appearance.

華麗

karei — Splendid; gorgeous; magnificent and showy.

さ

sa — Nominalizing suffix turning adjectives into nouns.

それでも

soredemo — Even so; nevertheless; despite that.

なお

nao — Still; yet; furthermore; all the more.

一つ

hitotsu — One; a single unit or item.

主要

shuyou — Main; principal; primary; most important.

かつ

katsu — And; moreover; simultaneously; both at once.

支配

shihai — Control; domination; governance; ruling over something.

理念

rinen — Principle; ideal; guiding concept or philosophy.

従属

juuzoku — Subordination; dependence; being subject to something.

して

shite — Te-form of 'suru'; connecting verb doing an action.

いる

iru — To be; to exist; auxiliary indicating ongoing state.

ある

aru — To be; to exist; used for inanimate subjects.

われわれ

wareware — We; us; first-person plural pronoun.

彼

kare — He; him; third-person masculine pronoun.

資料

shiryou — Materials; data; reference documents or sources.

集積

shuuseki — Accumulation; collection; amassing of materials or data.

し

shi — Connective te-form of suru; and; doing.

事実

jijitsu — Fact; truth; actual occurrence or reality.

時系列

jikeiretsu — Chronological order; time-series arrangement of events.

なく

naku — Without; lacking; negative connective form.

道徳

doutoku — Morality; ethics; moral principles and values.

あるいは

arui wa — Or; alternatively; either one possibility or another.

政治

seiji — Politics; government; political affairs.

関連性

kanrensei — Relevance; relatedness; degree of connection between things.

従って

shitagatte — Therefore; accordingly; following from that.

連続

renzoku — Continuity; succession; series without interruption.

グループ

guruupu — Group; cluster; set of related items or people.

配列

hairetsu — Arrangement; array; orderly sequence of items.

手法

shuhou — Method; technique; approach used in a work.

衰退

suitai — Decline; deterioration; gradual weakening or falling off.

徐々に

jojo ni — Gradually; little by little; slowly progressing.

深まって

fukamatte — Deepening; becoming more profound or intense progressively.

いく

iku — To go; auxiliary indicating ongoing progressive action.

時代

jidai — Era; age; historical period or epoch.

明確

meikaku — Clear; definite; distinct; unambiguous in meaning.

画する

kakusuru — To demarcate; to draw a boundary; distinguish clearly.

歴史

rekishi — History; the record of past events.

別々

betsubetsu — Separate; individual; each distinct from the others.

並行

heikoo — Parallel; simultaneous; running side by side.

した

shita — Past tense of 'suru'; did; performed.

流れ

nagare — Flow; current; stream; course of events.

辿り

tadori — Tracing; following a path or thread carefully.

ながら

nagara — While doing; simultaneously; concessive conjunction.

も

mo — Also; too; even; inclusive particle.

宗教

shuukyou — Religion; faith; organized system of spiritual belief.

市民

shimin — Citizen; civilian; member of a civil society.

変革

henkaku — Reform; transformation; fundamental change in system.

緩やか

yuruyaka — Gentle; gradual; slow and mild in pace.

または

mata wa — Or; alternatively; one option or the other.

急速

kyuusoku — Rapid; swift; fast-paced change or development.

共通

kyoutsuu — Common; shared; held in common by all.

趨勢

suusei — Trend; tendency; general direction of development.

示す

shimesu — To show; to indicate; to demonstrate something.

技巧

gikou — Technique; skill; artistry; technical craftsmanship.

感嘆

kantan — Admiration; exclamation; feeling of deep wonder.

せず

sezu — Without doing; negative connective form of suru.

いられ

irare — Potential/passive of 'iru'; can be; cannot help.

これら

korera — These; plural demonstrative referring to nearby items.

構成

kousei — Composition; structure; arrangement of component parts.

原理

genri — Principle; fundamental rule or law underlying something.

読者

dokusha — Reader; person who reads a text or publication.

並々ならぬ

namiNara nu — Extraordinary; exceptional; far above the ordinary level.

注意

chuui — Attention; caution; care; paying heed to something.

要求

youkyuu — Demand; requirement; request for something necessary.

かも

kamo — Might; perhaps; expresses possibility or uncertainty.

しれ

shire — Part of 'kamoshirenai'; may; might be possible.

それ

sore — That; it; third-person demonstrative pronoun.

よって

yotte — By means of; therefore; owing to; through.

のみ

nomi — Only; solely; exclusively; nothing but.

出来事

dekigoto — Event; happening; occurrence; something that took place.

真

shin / makoto — True; genuine; real; authentic nature of something.

経緯

keii — Circumstances; full story; details of how something happened.

その

sono — That; the; demonstrative modifying a nearby noun.

相対

soutai — Relative; comparative; in relation to something else.

重要性

juuyousei — Importance; significance; degree of being important.

記憶

kioku — Memory; recollection; ability to remember things.

刻み込む

kizami komu — To engrave; to impress deeply; carve into memory.

こと

koto — Thing; fact; nominalizer turning verbs into nouns.

できる

dekiru — To be able to; can; to become possible.

明晰

meiseki — Clear; lucid; sharp and distinct in reasoning.

優越性

yuuetsusei — Superiority; excellence; the state of surpassing others.

正当

seitou — Just; legitimate; proper; rightfully deserved.

評価

hyouka — Evaluation; assessment; appraisal of worth or merit.

しよう

shiyou — Volitional form of suru; let's do; intend to do.

者

mono / sha — Person; one who does something; agent suffix.

整然

seizen — Orderly; systematic; neatly organized arrangement.

退屈

taikutsu — Boring; tedious; dull; feeling of boredom.

年代記

nendaiki — Chronicle; annals; historical record by year.

それほど

sorehodo — That much; to that extent; so very much.

重く

omoku — Heavily; weightily; adverbial form of 'heavy'.

著作

chosaku — Written work; literary composition; authored publication.

読み通そう

yomitoosoou — Volitional of reading through entirely to the end.

試みる

kokoromiru — To attempt; to try; to make an effort.

べき

beki — Should; ought to; expresses obligation or expectation.

あろう

aroou — Probably is; volitional/presumptive form of 'aru'.