History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire — Volume 1 — Page 10

Vocabulary

この

kono — This (adjective modifying a noun nearby)

二人

futari — Two people; a pair of persons

の

no — Possessive or linking particle between nouns

著者

chosha — Author; writer of a book or text

は

wa — Topic-marking particle indicating the subject

ほぼ

hobo — Almost; nearly; approximately

完全

kanzen — Complete; perfect; entire; thorough

に

ni — Particle indicating location, direction, or manner

年代順

nendaijun — Chronological order; arranged by date

従っ

shitagat(te) — Following; in accordance with (te-form of 従う)

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting verb phrases

おり

ori — Continuative form of いる; being; existing (formal)

その

sono — That; those (adjective referring to previously mentioned thing)

結果

kekka — Result; outcome; consequence of an action

と

to — Particle meaning 'and,' 'with,' or quotation marker

し

shi — Conjunctive form of する; also listing conjunction

帝国

teikoku — Empire; imperial nation or dominion

各地

kakuchi — Various places; everywhere throughout a region

で

de — Particle indicating location of action or means

繰り広げ

kurihirome — Unfolding; spreading out; developing (a scene or conflict)

られる

rareru — Passive or potential auxiliary verb ending

六つ

muttsu — Six (native Japanese counter for general objects)

か

ka — Question or alternative particle meaning 'or,' 'whether'

八つ

yattsu — Eight (native Japanese counter for general objects)

戦争

sensou — War; armed conflict between nations or groups

糸

ito — Thread; string; narrative thread or storyline

を

wo — Object-marking particle indicating direct object

何度

nando — How many times; many times; repeatedly

も

mo — Also; too; even; emphatic particle

断ち切っ

tachikitte — Cutting off; severing completely (te-form of 断ち切る)

再び

futatabi — Again; once more; a second time

拾い直す

hiroinaоsu — To pick up again; resume a dropped thread

こと

koto — Thing; fact; matter (nominalizer for verb phrases)

余儀なく

yoginaku — Unavoidably; compulsorily; having no other choice

さ

sa — Nominalizing suffix or casual sentence-ending particle

れ

re — Passive auxiliary (part of される construction)

宮廷

kyuutei — Royal or imperial court; palace environment

陰謀

inbou — Conspiracy; plot; secret scheming

ため

tame — For the sake of; because of; in order to

軍事

gunji — Military affairs; matters relating to armed forces

遠征

ensei — Expedition; military campaign to distant territory

経緯

keii — Details of circumstances; background and process of events

中断

chuudan — Interruption; suspension; breaking off midway

包囲戦

houisen — Siege; military encirclement and attack of a fortification

から

kara — From; starting point particle; because

会議

kaigi — Meeting; conference; assembly for discussion

へ

e — Directional particle meaning 'toward' or 'to'

慌ただしく

awatadashiku — Hurriedly; in a flustered, hectic manner

駆け回る

kakemawaru — To run around; to rush about frantically

なる

naru — To become; to result in; to turn into

そし

soshi — Short form of そして meaning 'and then; moreover'

同じ

onaji — Same; identical; equal in quality or kind

ページ

peeji — Page (of a book or document)

中

naka — Inside; within; in the middle of

我々

wareware — We; us (formal, plural first-person pronoun)

野蛮人

yabanjin — Barbarian; uncivilized or savage person

戦役

sen'eki — Military campaign; a specific war or battle campaign

只中

tadanaka — Right in the middle of; midst of something

置か

oka — Placed; put (passive/causative stem of 置く)

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary; completed action marker

思え

omoe — Think; feel (conditional/imperative form of 思う)

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'when'

論争

ronsou — Controversy; debate; dispute over an issue

深み

fukami — Depth; deep part; profound depths of something

引き込ま

hikokoma — Drawn into; pulled in (passive stem of 引き込む)

れる

reru — Passive or potential verb auxiliary ending

ある

aru — To exist; there is/are (for inanimate things)

著作

chosaku — Written work; literary or scholarly publication

おい

oi — At; in; upon (formal locative, part of において)

正確

seikaku — Accurate; precise; exact; correct

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjective to noun

日付

hizuke — Date; the calendar date of an event

常に

tsuneni — Always; constantly; at all times

念頭

nentou — Mind; keeping something in mind or consideration

置く

oku — To place; to put; to keep in mind

が

ga — Subject marker particle; also conjunctive 'but'

容易

youi — Easy; simple; not difficult

ない

nai — Negative auxiliary; does not exist; is not

出来事

dekigoto — Event; happening; occurrence; incident

流れ

nagare — Flow; current; stream; sequence of events

明確

meikaku — Clear; definite; unambiguous; distinct

判然

hansen — Clearly distinguishable; plainly evident; distinct

いる

iru — To be; to exist (for animate beings)

巧み

takumi — Skillful; clever; dexterous; ingenious

将軍

shougun — General; military commander; shogun

よう

you — Like; as if; in the manner of; seeming

たとえ

tatoe — Even if; even though; no matter what

軍勢

gunzei — Military forces; troops; armed contingent

最も

mottomo — Most; extremely (superlative adverb)

遠く

tooku — Far away; at a great distance

離れ

hanare — Separated; apart; distant (from 離れる)

相対

soutai — Relative; facing each other; opposing

する

suru — To do; to perform; general-purpose action verb

方角

houkou — Direction; compass bearing; way toward something

進軍

shingune — Advance; military march toward enemy or objective

くる

kuru — To come; to arrive (movement toward speaker)

それ

sore — That; it (pronoun for something previously mentioned)

ら

ra — Pluralizing suffix for pronouns or nouns

絶えず

taezu — Ceaselessly; without pause; constantly; incessantly

一点

itten — One point; a single spot or location

向かい

mukai — Facing; toward; opposite direction

集中

shuuchuu — Concentration; convergence; focusing on one point

いく

iku — To go; auxiliary indicating progressive continuation

すなわち

sunawachi — That is; namely; in other words

いまだ

imada — Still; yet; as of now (often with negative)

ローマ

rooma — Rome; the city or ancient Roman civilization

いう

iu — To say; called; named; referred to as

名

na — Name; reputation; title

衰え

otorое — Decline; weakening; loss of strength or power

ゆく

yuku — To go; to proceed (literary form of いく)

権力

kenryoku — Power; authority; political or governmental control

よっ

yotte — By means of; due to (te-form of よる)

占め

shime — Occupying; holding (a position or place)

彼

kare — He; him; third-person masculine pronoun

敵対

tekitai — Hostility; antagonism; being in opposition to

宗教

shuukyou — Religion; faith; organized system of belief

進展

shinten — Progress; development; advancement of a situation

辿る

tadoru — To trace; to follow along a path or process

せよ

seyo — Whether; be it (imperative/conjunctive of する)

岸辺

kishibe — Shore; bank; edge of sea, lake, or river

や

ya — And; or (listing particle among items)

中国

chuugoku — China; the country in East Asia

辺境

henkyou — Frontier; border region; remote borderland

相次ぐ

aitsugu — To follow in succession; to occur one after another

大群

taigun — Large horde; massive crowd or swarm

率いる

hikiiru — To lead; to command; to head a group

一つ

hitotsu — One (native Japanese counter for general objects)

波

nami — Wave; surge; successive wave of attack or movement

ようやく

youyaku — Finally; at last; barely; with great difficulty

砕け散っ

kudakechitte — Shattered and scattered; broken apart completely

また

mata — Again; also; and; another time

別

betsu — Another; separate; different; distinct

膨らみ

fukurami — Swelling; bulging; growing larger

迫っ

sematte — Pressing; closing in; approaching threateningly

すべて

subete — All; everything; entirely; every single one

方向

houkou — Direction; way; orientation toward a goal

流れる

nagareru — To flow; to stream; to drift along

仕向け

shimuke — Directing; steering; causing to move toward something

それぞれ

sorezore — Each; respectively; individually; one by one

偉大

idai — Great; grand; magnificent; of enormous significance

揺らぐ

yuragu — To waver; to shake; to become unstable

構造物

kouzoubutsu — Structure; constructed object; building or framework

与える

ataeru — To give; to provide; to impart to someone

衝撃

shougeki — Shock; impact; powerful blow or jolt

動き

ugoki — Movement; motion; activity; stirring

結びつけ

musubitsuke — Linking; connecting; tying together elements

壮大

soudai — Grand; magnificent; vast in scale or scope

パノラマ

panorama — Panorama; sweeping wide view or overview

的

teki — Suffix meaning '-like,' '-esque,' or 'pertaining to'

歴史

rekishi — History; the record of past events

与え

atae — Giving; providing (stem/te-form of 与える)

重要性

juuyousei — Importance; significance; degree of being critical

測る

hakaru — To measure; to gauge; to assess the extent