History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire — Volume 1 — Page 12

Vocabulary

그는

geu-neun — He (subject marker attached); refers to a male person

정당한

jeongdanghan — Legitimate, justifiable, rightful, or warranted

분노로

bunno-ro — With anger or rage; expressing intense displeasure

자극된

jageukdoen — Stimulated, provoked, or incited by something

신학적

sinhakjeok — Theological; relating to the study of religion

열정

yeoljeong — Passion, enthusiasm, or intense devotion toward something

문학적

munhakjeok — Literary; relating to literature or literary studies

경쟁심

gyeongjaengsim — Competitive spirit; desire to surpass or outdo others

그리고

geurigo — And; conjunction connecting words or clauses

명성이

myeongseong-i — Fame or reputation (subject marker attached)

확립된

hwangnipttoen — Established, firmly set, or well-founded

작가들의

jakgadeul-ui — Of writers or authors; possessive form

오류를

oryureul — Errors or mistakes (object marker attached)

찾아내는

chaj-anaeneun — Finding out, detecting, or uncovering something

데서

deseo — From the act of; in doing something (grammatical form)

기쁨을

gippeum-eul — Joy or pleasure (object marker attached)

얻는

eomneun — Obtaining, gaining, or deriving something

비열하고

biyeolhago — Mean, despicable, or base in character; and

악의적인

agwijeok-in — Malicious, spiteful, or ill-intentioned

허영심이라는

heoyeongsim-iraneun — Called vanity; excessive pride or self-conceit

세

se — Three; a cardinal number

겹의

gyeob-ui — Layers of; fold or layer (possessive form)

심사를

simsa-reul — Examination, scrutiny, or judgment (object marker)

받았다

bad-atda — Received or underwent something (past tense)

그

geu — That; definite article or demonstrative pronoun

심사의

simsa-ui — Of the examination or judgment (possessive form)

결과에

gyeolgwa-e — Regarding the result or outcome (locative marker)

대해

daehae — About, regarding, or concerning something

우리는

uri-neun — We (topic marker attached); first person plural

우리

uri — We or our; first person plural pronoun

자신의

jasin-ui — One's own; possessive reflexive pronoun

판단을

pandan-eul — Judgment or decision (object marker attached)

내리기

naerigi — Making or rendering a judgment; verbal noun form

전에

jeone — Before; prior to a certain time or event

적절한

jeokjeolhan — Appropriate, suitable, or fitting for a purpose

증인들을

jeungindeul-eul — Witnesses (plural, object marker attached)

소환하는

sohwanhaneun — Summoning or calling forth witnesses or people

것이

geot-i — The thing or act of (nominalizer with subject marker)

허용될

heoyongdoel — To be permitted or allowed (future/prospective form)

수

su — Ability or possibility; used in grammar constructions

있을

isseul — Will be or can be (prospective form of 있다)

것이다

geosida — It is the case that; declarative sentence ending

씨는

ssi-neun — Mr./Ms. (honorific title with topic marker)

그의

geu-ui — His; third person masculine possessive pronoun

서문에서

seomun-eseo — In the preface or foreword of a book

영국뿐만

yeonguk-ppunman — Not only England; restrictive particle attached

아니라

anira — But also; not only... but also construction

즉

jeuk — That is, namely; clarifying conjunction

가장

gajang — Most; superlative adverb modifier

계몽된

gyemongdoen — Enlightened; having advanced knowledge and reason

나라들에서

naradeul-eseo — In the countries; plural with locative marker

권위자로서

gwonuija-roseo — As an authority or expert on a subject

끊임없이

kkeunimeopsi — Continuously, incessantly, without interruption

인용된다고

inyongdoendago — Is cited or quoted (reported speech form)

밝힌

balkin — Stated, revealed, or clarified (past modifier form)

뒤

dwi — After; behind or following in time

다음과

daeum-gwa — With the following; next content marker

같이

gachi — Like, as, or in the same way as

계속한다

gyesokanda — Continues; proceeds further (present tense verb)

나는

na-neun — I (topic marker attached); first person singular

나의

na-ui — My; first person singular possessive pronoun

작업

jageop — Work, task, or project undertaken by someone

과정에서

gwajeong-eseo — In the course or process of doing something

제국의

jeguk-ui — Of the empire; imperial possessive form

재정을

jaejeong-eul — Finances or fiscal affairs (object marker attached)

다룬

dareun — Dealt with or handled (past modifier form)

철학자들의

cheolhakjadeul-ui — Of philosophers; plural possessive form

저술

jeosul — Writing, literary work, or authored publication

연대기를

yeondaegi-reul — Chronicles or annals (object marker attached)

연구한

yeonguhan — Studied or researched (past modifier form)

학자들의

hakjadeul-ui — Of scholars or academics; plural possessive

교회사의

gyohoesa-ui — Of church history; ecclesiastical history possessive

깊이를

gipi-reul — Depth or profundity (object marker attached)

탐구한

tamguhan — Explored or investigated deeply (past modifier)

신학자들의

sinhakjadeul-ui — Of theologians; plural possessive form

법학을

beopak-eul — Law or jurisprudence (object marker attached)

면밀히

myeonmilhi — Carefully, thoroughly, or meticulously examined

법률

beopryul — Law, statute, or legal regulation

저술가들의

jeosulgadeul-ui — Of legal writers or authors; plural possessive

몰두한

molduhan — Absorbed in or devoted to (past modifier form)

동양학자들의

dongyanghakjadeul-ui — Of orientalists; scholars of Eastern studies

영향에

yeonghyang-e — On influence or effect (locative marker attached)

관한

gwanhan — Related to, concerning, or about a topic

광범위한

gwangbeomwiham — Extensive, wide-ranging, or broad in scope

연구에

yeongu-e — In research or study (locative marker attached)

착수한

chaksuhan — Commenced or embarked on (past modifier form)

근대

geundae — Modern era; referring to recent historical period

역사가들의

yeoksagadeul-ui — Of historians; plural possessive form

저술을

jeosul-eul — Writings or works (object marker attached)

참고할

chamgohal — To refer to or consult (future/prospective modifier)

기회가

gihoe-ga — Opportunity or chance (subject marker attached)

있었다

isseotda — There was; existed (past tense declarative form)

이

i — This; demonstrative pronoun or article

저술가들

jeosulgadeul — Writers or authors; plural noun form

각각은

gakgak-eun — Each one (topic marker); referring to individuals separately

제국

jeguk — Empire; large state ruled by an emperor

쇠망사

soemangsa — History of decline and fall of an empire

에서

eseo — In or from; locative or source marker particle

몇몇

myeotmyeot — Some, several, or a few of something

부주의한

bujuuihan — Careless, inattentive, or negligent in behavior

점들

jeomdeul — Points or aspects; plural noun form

거짓되거나

geojitdogeona — False or untrue; or (conjunction of alternatives)

불완전한

burwanjeonhan — Incomplete, imperfect, or lacking in some way

견해들

gyeonhaedeul — Views or opinions; plural noun form

의도적이라고

uidojeogirago — Said to be intentional; reported speech form

가정하지

gajeongaji — Assuming or supposing (negative construction follows)

않을

aneul — Will not; negative future modifier form

없는

eomneun — Without; lacking or nonexistent (modifier form)

누락들을

nurakdeul-eul — Omissions or missing items (plural, object marker)

지적하고

jijeokago — Pointed out or indicated; and (connective form)

언급하였다

eongeupayeotda — Mentioned or noted (formal past tense form)

그들은

geudeul-eun — They (topic marker); third person plural pronoun

사실들을

sasildeul-eul — Facts (plural, object marker attached)

바로잡고

barojapgo — Corrected or set right; and (connective form)

주장들에

jujangdeul-e — Regarding claims or arguments (locative marker)

유리하게

yurihage — Advantageously or favorably toward something

반박하였다

banbakayeotda — Refuted or countered (formal past tense form)

그러나

geureona — However, but; adversative conjunction

일반적으로

ilbanjeog-euro — Generally, in general, or typically speaking

연구와

yeongu-wa — Research and; study with conjunctive particle

사상을

sasang-eul — Ideas or thought (object marker attached)

출발점으로

chulbaljjeom-euro — As a starting point or departure point

혹은

hogeun — Or; alternative conjunction between options

자신들이

jasindeul-i — They themselves (subject marker); reflexive plural

제시한

jesihan — Presented or proposed (past modifier form)

연구나

yeongu-na — Research or study; alternative conjunction attached

새로운

saeroun — New or novel; fresh and previously unseen

견해들의

gyeonhaedeul-ui — Of views or opinions; plural possessive form

증거로

jeunggeo-ro — As evidence or proof (instrumental marker)

삼았다

samatda — Regarded as or used as (past tense form)

씨

ssi — Mr./Ms.; honorific title used with names