History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire — Volume 1 — Page 5

Vocabulary

အပိုင်း

a-paing — Part or section of a larger work

၇

khun-hna-it — The numeral seven in Burmese script

အခန်း

a-khan — Chapter or room within a building or book

၁၅

hsé-nga — The numeral fifteen in Burmese script

ခရစ်ယာန်

kha-yit-yan — Christian; relating to the religion of Christianity

ဘာသာ

ba-tha — Religion or language of a people

၏

e — Genitive particle indicating possession or attribution

တိုးတက်

to-tet — To progress, advance, or develop positively

မှု

hmu — Nominalizing suffix turning verbs into abstract nouns

၈

shit — The numeral eight in Burmese script

၉

ko — The numeral nine in Burmese script

နိဒါန်း

ni-dan — Introduction or preface of a book or text

အယ်ဒီတာ

et-di-ta — Editor; person who edits written material

စကား

za-ga — Words, speech, or language spoken by someone

ဂစ်ဘင်

git-bin — Gibbon; referring to historian Edward Gibbon

ကျော်ကြား

kyaw-kya — Famous, well-known, or celebrated widely

သော

thaw — Relative clause marker similar to 'that' or 'which'

လက်ရာ

let-ya — Work, handiwork, or crafted piece of writing

သည်

thi — Topic marker or present tense verb particle

သမိုင်း

tha-maing — History; the recorded past of events or people

ကို

go — Object marker particle indicating the direct object

လေ့လာ

leh-la — To study, learn, or investigate something carefully

သူ

thu — He, she, or that person; third person pronoun

များ

mya — Plural marker; many or multiple things or people

အတွက်

a-tweq — For the sake of; on behalf of something

မရှိ

ma-shi — Does not exist; there is none or nothing

မဖြစ်

ma-pyit — Cannot be; does not happen or occur

လိုအပ်

lo-at — To be necessary or needed for something

ဥရောပ

u-yaw-pa — Europe; the continent of Europe

စာပေ

za-bé — Literature; written works of a language or culture

တွင်

twin — Locative particle meaning in, at, or within

ရောမ

yaw-ma — Rome; the ancient city and empire of Rome

အင်ပါယာ

in-pa-ya — Empire; a large dominion ruled by an emperor

ကျဆင်း

kya-zin — To decline, fall, or decrease in status or power

နှင့်

hnin — And; together with; conjunction linking nouns or clauses

ပြိုလဲ

pyo-lé — To collapse, fall apart, or crumble completely

အစား

a-za — Instead of; in place of something else

ထိုး

hto — To replace, substitute, or pierce into something

နိုင်

naing — To be able to; can; capable of doing something

မည်

myi — Future tense marker indicating something will happen

သည့်

thit — Relative clause marker modifying a preceding noun

မျှ

hmya — Only; just; as much as; a limiting particle

ပေ

pé — Particle emphasizing assertion or mild obviousness

ထို

hto — That; demonstrative pronoun referring to something distant

စာအုပ်

za-oat — Book; a bound collection of written pages

မိမိ

mi-mi — One's own; reflexive pronoun indicating self-ownership

လွှမ်းခြုံ

hlwan-chon — To cover comprehensively or dominate a wide area

ကျယ်ပြန့်

kyé-pyan — Broad, wide, or extensive in scope or range

ကာလ

ka-la — Period of time; era or duration of events

တရားဝင်

ta-ya-win — Official, legitimate, or legally recognized status

ပိုင်ဆိုင်

paing-saing — To own or possess something as one's property

အဖြစ်

a-pyit — As; in the role or capacity of something

အငြင်း

a-nyin — Dispute, argument, or controversial subject matter

မပွား

ma-bwa — Not to multiply or proliferate; to not spread further

နေရာ

né-ya — Place, location, or position where something exists

ရယူ

ya-yu — To obtain, acquire, or take possession of something

ထား

hta — To place, keep, or put something somewhere

ပြီး

pyi — After completing; already done; completion marker

ဖြစ်

pyit — To be; to become; to exist or occur

ပါဝင်

pa-win — To include, participate in, or be part of

အချို့

a-cho — Some; a few of a larger group or set

အကြောင်းအရာ

a-kyaung-a-ya — Subject matter, topic, or content of a text

ပိုမို

po-mo — More; to a greater extent or degree

ပြည့်စုံ

pyi-zon — Complete, thorough, or fully comprehensive in content

ပြုလုပ်

pyu-loat — To do, make, or carry out an action

ခဲ့

khé — Past tense marker indicating completed action previously done

သော်လည်း

thaw-lé — However; although; despite that; concessive conjunction

တစ်ခု

tit-khu — One thing; a single item or unit

လုံး

lon — Whole; entire; all of something; classifier for round objects

အကျဉ်းချုပ်

a-kyin-choat — Summary or brief overview of a larger text

ကြည့်ရှု

kyi-shu — To look at, view, or observe something carefully

လျှင်

hlin — If; when; conditional particle in a sentence

ဤ

i — This; formal demonstrative pronoun for nearby things

အားလုံး

a-lon — All; everyone; everything without exception

က

ga — Subject marker particle indicating the agent of action

လိုက်နာ

laik-na — To follow, comply with, or adhere to rules

လေးစား

lé-za — To respect, esteem, or hold in high regard

တည်း

ti — Only; alone; a restrictive or emphatic particle

အာဏာပိုင်

a-na-paing — Authority figure; official or authoritative body or source

ရင်းမြစ်

yin-myit — Source, origin, or root of something fundamental

ဖြစ်ပြီး

pyit-pyi — Being; having become; and therefore; resultative conjunction

မူရင်း

mu-yin — Original; the first or authentic version of something

စာရေး

za-yé — Writer; one who writes texts or literature

ဆရာ

hsa-ya — Teacher, master, or respected professional person

ဆီသို့

hsi-tho — Toward; in the direction of a person or place

သို့မဟုတ်

tho-ma-hoat — Or; otherwise; alternatively between two options

ခေတ်မီ

khet-mi — Modern, contemporary, or up-to-date with current times

စုစည်း

zu-zin — To gather, compile, or bring together into one

ပြန်လှည့်

pyan-hlin — To return, turn back, or revisit something again

နည်းပါး

ni-pa — Few, scarce, or limited in quantity or number

ပင်ကို

pin-go — Emphatic particle meaning even; indeed; truly so

စိတ်ဝင်စား

seit-win-za — To be interested in; to find something fascinating

ဖွယ်

phwé — Worthy of; likely to; deserving a certain quality

၎င်း

din-ji — He, she, it, or they; formal third person pronoun

သုံးစွဲ

thon-zwé — To use, spend, or employ something for a purpose

မပြတ်

ma-pyat — Continuously; without stopping or interruption

မဆုတ်

ma-hsoat — Without retreating or giving up; persistently onward

အားထုတ်

a-htoat — To exert effort or strive toward achieving something

အချက်အလက်

a-chet-a-let — Facts, data, or specific pieces of information

များပြား

mya-pya — Abundant, numerous, or plentiful in quantity

ထွန်းလင်း

hton-lin — To shine, illuminate, or be brilliantly enlightened

စီစဉ်

si-zin — To arrange, organize, or plan something systematically

ယေဘုယျ

yé-bu-ya — General; in broad terms; not specific or detailed

တိကျ

ti-kya — Precise, accurate, or exact in detail or expression

တစ်သမတ်တည်း

tit-tha-mat-ti — Consistently uniform; same throughout without variation

ကျက်သရေ

kyet-tha-yé — Dignity, prestige, or honorable grace and bearing

တည်ငြိမ်

ti-nyein — Stable, calm, or steady without disturbance or change

ကြောင့်

kyaung — Because of; due to; on account of a reason

တစ်ထပ်တည်း

tit-htat-ti — In complete agreement; unanimous; exactly the same view

တတ်

tat — To be skilled at; able to; habitually does something

တစ်ခါတစ်ရံ

tit-kha-tit-yan — Sometimes; occasionally; from time to time

ချဲ့ကား

ché-ka — To expand, exaggerate, or elaborate beyond normal extent

ဆန်းကျယ်

hsan-kyé — Profound, deep, or mysteriously complex and abstruse

ငြီးငွေ့

nyi-ngwé — To be bored, weary, or tired of something

အတိုင်းအတာ

a-taing-a-ta — Degree, extent, or measure of something's magnitude

အားကောင်း

a-kaung — Strong, powerful, or having great force or intensity

သက်ဝင်

thet-win — To take effect; to be effective or impactful

ကြက်သီးထစောင်

kyet-thi-hta-zaung — Goosebumps; thrilling sensation causing skin to prickle

ဖွယ်ရာ

phwé-ya — Worthy of; capable of causing a certain reaction

မြင်ကွင်း

myin-kwin — Scene, view, or visual panorama one observes

မကြာခဏ

ma-kya-hka-na — Frequently, often, or repeatedly occurring many times

ဖော်ကျူး

phaw-kyu — To depict, portray, or describe something vividly

အမြဲ

a-myé — Always, constantly, or at all times without exception

ဆွဲဆောင်

zwé-zaung — To attract, captivate, or draw someone's attention

အလေးပေး

a-lé-pé — To emphasize, give weight to, or prioritize something

စွမ်းအင်

swan-in — Energy, power, or capability to accomplish things

ဖြင့်

hpyin — With, by means of; instrumental particle in sentences

အဓိပ္ပာယ်

a-di-pé — Meaning, significance, or the definition of something

ထုတ်ဖော်

htoat-phaw — To reveal, express, or bring something out openly

ပြောဆို

pyaw-hso — To say, speak, or express something verbally

ထူးခြား

htu-cha — Unique, special, or distinctively different from others

သစ္စာဝပ်

thit-sa-wat — Faithful, loyal, or devoted to someone or something

နှိုင်းယှဉ်

hnine-shin — To compare or contrast two or more things together

ပြောစကား

pyaw-za-ga — Spoken words; things said or expressed verbally

ချောမွေ့

chaw-mwé — Smooth, fluent, or flowing without difficulty or obstruction

ဆို

hso — To say; quotative marker introducing reported speech

ရေးဟန်

yé-han — Writing style or manner of literary expression

မှ

hma — From; ablative particle indicating source or origin

အစ

a-za — Beginning, start, or the first part of something

မြင့်မြတ်

myin-myat — Noble, lofty, or exalted in character or virtue

အရည်အသွေး

a-yi-a-thwé — Quality, standard, or level of excellence of something

အမြဲတမ်း

a-myé-dan — Always, permanently, or perpetually without any exception

ရရှိ

ya-shi — To obtain, receive, or achieve something desired

စေပြီး

zé-pyi — Causing something to happen; making someone do something

ဆက်လက်

zet-let — To continue, proceed, or carry on doing something

ဟု

hu — Quotative particle meaning 'saying that' or 'called'

ထင်ရ

htin-ya — To seem, appear, or be perceived as something