History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire — Volume 1 — Page 6

Vocabulary

၏

e — Possessive or linking particle in Burmese grammar

ဤ

i — This; formal demonstrative pronoun

ကျယ်ပြန့်

kjɛ pjɛ̃ — Vast, wide, extensive in scope or area

သော

ðɔ — Relative clause marker; that, which, who

အစီအစဉ်

a si a sɛ̃ — Plan, program, arrangement, or schedule

ရှေး

ʃé — Ancient, old, of former times

ယဉ်ကျေးမှု

jɪ̃ tɕé m̥u — Civilization, culture, cultural heritage

ယိုယွင်း

jo jwɪ̃ — To deteriorate, decay, decline in quality

ပျက်စီးမှု

pjɛʔ sí m̥u — Destruction, ruin, damage, deterioration

နှင့်

n̥ɪ̃ — And, with; conjunction or preposition

ပျက်စီး

pjɛʔ sí — To be destroyed, ruined, or damaged

ဆုံးရှုံးမှု

sʰóun ʃóun m̥u — Loss, defeat, deprivation of something valuable

ကို

ko — Object marker particle in Burmese sentences

သူ

ðù — He, she, that person; third-person pronoun

ကောင်းစွာ

kɔ̃ zwà — Well, excellently, thoroughly, in a good manner

ဖော်ကြား

pʰɔ tɕá — To reveal, express, describe, disclose information

ထားသည့်

tʰá ðɪ̃ — That has been placed or kept; relative marker

ထူးကဲ

tʰú kɛ — Exceptional, extraordinary, outstanding, remarkable

အလုံးစုံ

a lóun sóun — Complete, entire, all-encompassing, comprehensive

အရာဝတ္တု

a jà waʔ tu — Object, thing, material item or substance

အသစ်

a θɪʔ — New, fresh, recently made or acquired

များ

mjá — Many, plural marker; more, numerous

ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံ

pʰwɛ̃ sí boùn — Structure, constitution, organizational framework

မွေးဖွားမှု

mwé pʰwá m̥u — Birth, the act of being born

တို့

tò — Plural marker for pronouns and nouns

သည်

ðɪ̃ — Topic or subject marker; present tense marker

ကြီးကျယ်

tɕí tɕɛ — Grand, great, magnificent, on a large scale

အကောင်အထည်

a kɔ̃ a tʰɛ̃ — Concrete form, manifestation, realization of something

ဖော်ရန်

pʰɔ jɛ̃ — In order to reveal, express, or realize

ကြိုးပမ်း

tɕó pã — To strive, endeavor, make an effort

အားထုတ်မှု

á tʰouʔ m̥u — Effort, exertion, putting forth energy

သီးခြား

θí tɕʰá — Separate, distinct, apart, individual

ပင်

pɪ̃ — Indeed, even, still; emphasis particle

ရောမ

jɔ̀ ma — Rome; the ancient Roman city or empire

အင်ပါယာ

ɪ̃ pá já — Empire; a large state under one ruler

ကျဆင်းမှု

tɕa sʰɪ̃ m̥u — Decline, fall, descent, deterioration of status

တိမ်မြုပ်မှု

tɛ̃ mjouʔ m̥u — Submersion, disappearance, being buried or lost

နောင်

nɔ̃ — Future, later, afterward, in the future

သမိုင်း

θa mɔ̃ — History; the record of past events

ပညာရှင်

pjɪ̀ ɲà ʃɪ̃ — Scholar, expert, learned person in a field

အတွက်

a twɛʔ — For, for the sake of, regarding

မချဉ်းကပ်

ma tɕʰɪ̃ kaʔ — Cannot approach or tackle; not able to address

နိုင်

nɛ̃ — Can, to be able to, capable of doing

အကြောင်းအရာ

a tɕɔ̃ a jà — Subject matter, topic, content, reason

တစ်ခု

tɪʔ kʰu — One thing, a single item or unit

အဖြစ်

a pʰjɪʔ — As, in the role of, in the form of

ရပ်တည်

jaʔ tɛ̃ — To stand, exist, maintain a position

စေမည်

sé mɛ̃ — Will cause, will make (something happen)

ဖြစ်သည်

pʰjɪʔ ðɪ̃ — Is, am, are; to be, to exist

၎င်း

ði ɡɪ̃ — It, that, the aforementioned; formal reference pronoun

မကြာ

ma tɕà — Not long, soon, not much time elapsed

သေးမီ

ðé mì — Before, prior to, not yet passed

က

ka — Subject marker or agent particle in Burmese

ဖြစ်သော

pʰjɪʔ ðɔ — Which is, being; relative clause verb marker

ပြင်သစ်

pjɪ̃ θɪʔ — France; the country of France

တည်းဖြတ်

tɛ̃ pʰjaʔ — To edit, revise, or cut a text

ရဲဝံ့

jɛ wʊ̃ — Brave, bold, courageous, daring

ဘာသာစကား

bàða zəɡá — Language; system of spoken or written communication

ဖြင့်

pʰjɪ̃ — With, by means of, using; instrumental particle

ပြန်လည်

pjɛ̃ lɛ̃ — Again, back, returning to a previous state

ရည်ညွှန်း

jɛ̃ ɲʊ̃ — To refer to, allude to, indicate something

နိဒါန်းစာ

nḭdã zà — Preface, introduction, foreword of a book

အနည်းငယ်

a né ŋɛ — A few, a little, a small amount

မက

ma ka — Not only, beyond, more than just

အပိုင်း

a pɔ̃ — Part, section, portion, division of something

တွင်

twɪ̃ — In, at, within; locative particle

လူထု

lù tʰu — The public, the masses, general population

သို့

θò — To, toward; directional or addressee particle

ကျွန်ုပ်တို့

tɕənoup tò — We, us; formal first-person plural pronoun

မတိုင်မီ

ma tɔ̃ mì — Before reaching, prior to, not yet arrived

ထုတ်ဖော်

tʰouʔ pʰɔ — To reveal, expose, bring to light

ပြသ

pjà θa — To show, demonstrate, display, present

ခဲ့

kʰɛ — Past tense marker; did, has done

ပြီး

pjí — After, already, finished; completion marker

ကမ္ဘာ

kəmbà — World, earth, the globe

တစ်ဖန်

tɪʔ pʰɛ̃ — Again, once more, on another occasion

ဝင်ရောက်

wɪ̃ jɔʔ — To enter, come in, invade, infiltrate

သိမ်းပိုက်

θɛ̃ pɔʔ — To seize, capture, take over, annex

ကာ

ká — While, doing so; connective participle

နှိပ်စက်

n̥ɪʔ sɛʔ — To oppress, torment, persecute cruelly

ချုပ်ကိုင်

tɕʰouʔ kɔ̃ — To control, dominate, hold power over

ခဲ့သော

kʰɛ ðɔ — That did, which had done; past relative marker

အထူးတလည်

a tʰú ta lɛ̃ — Especially, particularly, with special attention

ကြီးသော

tɕí ðɔ — Which is great, big, large; relative form

အချုပ်အခြာ

a tɕʰouʔ a tɕʰà — Sovereignty, supreme authority, absolute power

အာဏာ

àná — Power, authority, command, jurisdiction

တဖြည်းဖြည်း

ta pʰjɛ̃ pʰjɛ̃ — Gradually, slowly, little by little

နိုင်ငံ

nɛ̃ ŋɛ̃ — Country, nation, state

ပေါင်း

pɔ̃ — To combine, add together; total, joint

များစွာ

mjá zwà — Many, a great number, a lot

သမ္မတ

θa mmaʔ ta — President; head of a republican government

ရိုင်းစိုင်း

jɔ̃ sɔ̃ — Barbaric, savage, uncivilized, wild in behavior

ယဉ်ကျေး

jɪ̃ tɕé — Civilized, cultured, refined, well-mannered

အပေါ်

a pɔ — On, upon, above, over; regarding

တည်ဆောက်

tɛ̃ sɔʔ — To build, construct, establish, create

ထို

tʰo — That, those; demonstrative adjective or pronoun

ကြီးမား

tɕí má — Great, enormous, very large, immense

ခွဲခြမ်းမှု

kʰwɛ tɕʰɛ̃ m̥u — Analysis, division, dissection, separation into parts

အားဖြင့်

á pʰjɪ̃ — By, through, by means of, via

ဖြစ်ပေါ်လာ

pʰjɪʔ pɔ là — To arise, emerge, come into being

ခြင်း

tɕʰɪ̃ — Nominalizer suffix; the act of, -ing

ဂရိ

ɡa jḭ — Greece; the ancient or modern Greek nation

ဘာသာတရား

bàða tájá — Religion, faith, a system of religious belief

ဖျက်သိမ်း

pʰjɛʔ θɛ̃ — To abolish, dismantle, dissolve, do away with

ခံရမှု

kʰɛ̃ já m̥u — Suffering, being subjected to something negative

အလှဆုံး

a l̥a sʰóun — Most beautiful, the prettiest, most attractive

ဒေသ

dèθa — Region, area, locality, district

ဝေမျှ

wé mjà — To share, divide among, distribute equally

ပိုင်ဆိုင်

pɔ̃ sɔ̃ — To own, possess, have ownership of

ထားသော

tʰá ðɔ — Which has been placed, kept; past relative marker

သစ်

θɪʔ — New, fresh; also wood or timber

နှစ်ခု

n̥ɪʔ kʰu — Two things, a pair, two items

တိုးတက်မှု

tó tɛʔ m̥u — Progress, advancement, development, improvement

အိုမင်း

o mɪ̃ — Old, aged, elderly; to grow old

ပြိုကွဲမှု

pjo kwɛ m̥u — Collapse, fragmentation, breaking apart, disintegration

ကွယ်ပျောက်

kwɛ pjɔʔ — To disappear, vanish, pass away, become extinct

တော့မည့်

tɔ mɛ̃ — That will, about to; future relative marker

ဂုဏ်ရည်

ɡòun jɛ̃ — Virtue, merit, quality, prestige, distinction

အကျင့်စရိုက်

a tɕɪ̃ za jɔʔ — Character, moral conduct, habits, disposition

မြင်ကွင်း

mjɪ̃ kwɪ̃ — Scene, view, panorama, visual landscape

ခေတ်သစ်

kʰɛʔ θɪʔ — Modern era, new age, contemporary times

မိသားစု

mḭ θá zu — Family, household, family unit

ဘဝ

bawa — Life, existence, livelihood, way of living

ကာလ

kàla — Period, time, era, duration

ပထမဆုံး

pa tʰa ma sʰóun — First of all, the very first

လူ့

lú — Human, of humanity; possessive of person

စိတ်ထား

seɪʔ tʰá — Attitude, mindset, disposition, mental state

ကိုယ်ကျင့်တရား

ko tɕɪ̃ tájá — Personal ethics, morality, individual moral conduct

အား

á — To, for; object particle, or strength, power

ပေးအပ်

pé aʔ — To give, bestow, hand over to someone

လမ်းညွှန်မှု

lɛ̃ ɲʊ̃ m̥u — Guidance, direction, instruction, showing the way

ပုံဆောင်ချက်

pòun sɔ̃ tɕɛʔ — Representation, model, embodiment, figurative form

ကဲ့သို့

kɛ θò — Like, such as, similar to, as if

ကောင်းမွန်

kɔ̃ mʊ̃ — Good, excellent, of high quality, virtuous

ဤသို့

i θò — Thus, in this way, like this

ဆိုသည့်

sʰo ðɪ̃ — That says, called, which is said to be

သတိ

θa tḭ — Mindfulness, awareness, caution, attention

မမူ

ma mù — Not paying attention, disregarding, not minding

ကြည့်ရှု

tɕʰɪ ʃu — To look at, observe, watch, view

ရာ

já — Hundred; also a verb suffix indicating tendency

ဂရု

ɡa jù — Care, attention, heed, regard for something

မစိုက်

ma sɔʔ — Not paying attention, not planting, not focusing

ဘဲ

bɛ — Without doing, instead of; negative connective

မနေ

ma né — Not staying; cannot help but do something

အာရုံ

àjoùn — Attention, focus, sense organ, concentration

စိတ်ဝင်တစား

seɪʔ wɪ̃ ta zá — Interested, fascinated, engaged with keen interest

ဖြစ်မှု

pʰjɪʔ m̥u — Occurrence, happening, the fact of being

မလွဲ

ma lwɛ — Without fail, certainly, inevitably, must

မသွေ

ma θwé — Certainly, without deviation, assuredly

ဆွဲဆောင်

swɛ sɔ̃ — To attract, draw in, captivate, allure

ရမည်

já mɛ̃ — Must get, will receive, shall obtain