Joseph II. and His Court: An Historical Novel — Page 5

Vocabulary

Tous

All, every one of a group

les

Definite plural article: the

dons

Donations or gifts given to an organization

doivent

Must, are obligated to do something

être

To be; fundamental French auxiliary verb

envoyés

Sent, dispatched to a destination

à

To, at; common French preposition

La

Definite feminine singular article: the

est

Is; third-person singular of être

une

Indefinite feminine article: a, an

organisation

A structured group working toward a goal

avec

With; preposition indicating accompaniment

le

Definite masculine singular article: the

numéro

Number, identifying numerical code or figure

d'

Contracted form of de: of, from

identification

The process of identifying someone or something

des

Of the; plural partitive article in French

employés

Employees, workers employed by an organization

et

And; basic French coordinating conjunction

a

Has; third-person singular of avoir

été

Been; past participle of être

approuvée

Approved, officially accepted by an authority

en

In, as; versatile French preposition

tant

So much; used in 'en tant que' meaning as

qu'

Contracted form of que: that, as

par

By, per; preposition indicating agent or means

Service

A department or agency providing specific functions

impôts

Taxes, levies imposed by government

américain

American, relating to the United States

Les

Definite plural article: the

sont

Are; third-person plural of être

déductibles

Deductible, able to be subtracted from taxes

dans

In, within; common French preposition

la

Definite feminine singular article: the

limite

Limit, maximum boundary or restriction allowed

maximale

Maximum, greatest permissible amount or degree

autorisée

Authorized, permitted by law or regulation

loi

Law, legal rule enacted by government

Au

Contracted form of à le: at the

fur

Used in 'au fur et à mesure': gradually

mesure

Measure; in phrase meaning gradually, as needed

que

That, which; conjunction or relative pronoun

conditions

Conditions, requirements that must be met

requises

Required, necessary conditions that must be fulfilled

pour

For, in order to; common French preposition

autres

Other, additional ones beyond those mentioned

États

States, political territories within a nation

seront

Will be; future tense of être

remplies

Fulfilled, met, satisfied (feminine plural past participle)

ajouts

Additions, items added to an existing list

cette

This; feminine demonstrative adjective

liste

List, an enumeration of items

effectués

Carried out, performed, completed (past participle)

collecte

Collection, act of gathering funds or items

de

Of, from; very common French preposition

fonds

Funds, financial resources collected or managed

commencera

Will begin, will start at a future time

ces

These, those; plural demonstrative adjective

supplémentaires

Additional, extra beyond what was initially planned

Nous

We, us; first-person plural subject pronoun

avons

Have; first-person plural of avoir

besoin

Need; used in 'avoir besoin de' meaning to need

vos

Your (plural/formal); possessive adjective

plus

More; comparative adverb or negation particle

jamais

Never; or ever in certain contexts

Vous

You (formal or plural); subject pronoun

pouvez

Can, are able to; second-person plural of pouvoir

obtenir

To obtain, to get something desired

informations

Information, data or facts about something

actualisées

Updated, made current and accurate

sur

On, about; common French preposition

l'

Contracted article le or la before vowel

adresse

Address, location identifier for mail or internet

suivante

Following, next one in sequence

Si

If; conditional conjunction in French

vous

You (formal/plural); object or subject pronoun

ne

Not; part of French negation with pas

pas

Not; second part of French negation ne...pas

contacter

To contact, to get in touch with someone

toujours

Always, still; common French adverb

envoyer

To send, to dispatch a message or item

un

Indefinite masculine article: a, an

courriel

Email, electronic message sent digitally

directement

Directly, without intermediary or detour

redirigé

Redirected, forwarded to another destination

vers

Toward, to; preposition indicating direction

si

If; conditional conjunction in French

votre

Your (formal/singular); possessive adjective

courrier

Mail, postal or electronic correspondence

rejeté

Rejected, refused or bounced back

je

I; first-person singular subject pronoun

verrai

Will see; future tense of voir

quand

When; temporal conjunction or adverb

même

Same, even; used in 'quand même' meaning anyway

s'

Reflexive pronoun se contracted before vowel

il

He, it; third-person masculine singular pronoun

vaut

Is worth; third-person singular of valoir

mieux

Better; comparative adverb of bien

renvoyer

To resend, to send again or forward back

tard

Late; adverb indicating lateness in time

Le

Definite masculine singular article: the

professeur

Professor, teacher at academic level

répondra

Will respond; future tense of répondre

message

Message, communication sent to someone

ou

Or; coordinating disjunctive conjunction

transmettra

Will transmit, forward to another person

préférerions

Would prefer; conditional of préférer

Exemple

Example, illustrative instance of something

session

Session, a period of connected computer activity

ligne

Line; 'en ligne' means online or on the line

commande

Command, instruction given to a computer

identifiant

Username or identifier used to log in

mot

Word; 'mot de passe' means password

passe

Pass; part of 'mot de passe' meaning password

jusqu'

Until, up to; preposition contracted before vowel

etc

Etcetera, indicating continuation of a pattern

voir

To see, to view something

fichiers

Files, documents stored on a computer

télécharger

To download or upload a digital file

livres

Books, written works available for reading

année

Year, a twelve-month period of time

exemple

Example, a representative case or instance

TOUS

All; emphatic capitalized form of tous

mentions

Mentions, notices or legal disclaimers noted

légales

Legal, relating to law and formal requirements

Trois

Three; the cardinal number 3

pages

Pages, individual sheets of a document

DÉBUT

Beginning, start of a section or document

DES

Of the; contracted plural definite article

MENTIONS

Notices, mentions or legal statements included

EN

In; preposition used before adjectives or nouns

PETITS

Small, little; masculine plural adjective

CARACTÈRES

Characters, letters or typeface size in print