Joseph II. and His Court: An Historical Novel — Page 4

Vocabulary

今まで

ima made — Until now; up to this point in time.

以上

ijō — More than; above; that is all.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, time, or target.

皆様

mina-sama — Everyone; ladies and gentlemen (polite form).

の

no — Possessive or linking particle between nouns.

ご寄付

go-kifu — Donation; charitable contribution (honorific form).

が

ga — Subject-marking particle in a sentence.

必要

hitsuyō — Necessary; needed; required for something.

です

desu — Polite copula meaning 'is' or 'are'.

年

nen — Year; counter for years.

月

tsuki / gatsu — Month; the moon.

日

nichi / hi — Day; sun; counter for days.

現在

genzai — Currently; at the present time.

寄付

kifu — Donation; act of giving money to charity.

お願い

onegai — Request; please; a polite ask for something.

は

wa — Topic-marking particle highlighting the subject.

以下

ika — Below; less than; the following items listed.

州

shū — State; province; administrative region.

お住まい

o-sumai — Place of residence; where someone lives (polite).

方

kata — Person; people (polite reference to someone).

を

wo — Object-marking particle indicating direct object.

対象

taishō — Target; subject; object of an action or policy.

と

to — Particle meaning 'and', 'with', or quotation marker.

し

shi — Te-form of suru; to do (connective form).

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting verbs or actions.

い

i — Stem of iru; to be (progressive/existential).

ます

masu — Polite verb ending indicating present or future.

および

oyobi — And; as well as; used to connect nouns formally.

約

yaku — Approximately; about; roughly a certain amount.

申請

shinsei — Application; formal request submitted to an authority.

行い

okonai — Conduct; action; carrying out a task or deed.

まし

mashi — Polite past tense auxiliary verb form.

た

ta — Past tense ending for verbs in Japanese.

返答

hentō — Reply; response; answer to a question or inquiry.

あっ

a' — Oh!; expression of sudden realization or surprise.

これら

korera — These; referring to multiple nearby things or items.

他

hoka — Other; another; the rest; besides this.

要件

yōken — Requirement; condition; necessary qualification or criteria.

満たさ

mitasa — Satisfy; meet (a requirement or condition); fulfill.

れ

re — Passive or potential verb suffix in Japanese grammar.

次第

shidai — As soon as; depending on; upon completion of.

この

kono — This; referring to something near the speaker.

リスト

risuto — List; an ordered collection of items or names.

追加

tsuika — Addition; adding something to an existing group.

さ

sa — Suffix turning adjective to noun; or casual filler.

で

de — Particle indicating location of action or means.

募金

bokin — Fundraising; collecting donations for a cause.

活動

katsudō — Activity; campaign; organized effort toward a goal.

開始

kaishi — Start; beginning; commencement of an activity.

状況

jōkyō — Situation; current state or circumstances of something.

ご確認

go-kakunin — Confirmation; checking something (honorific usage).

たい

tai — Want to; desire to do something (verb suffix).

場合

baai — Case; situation; circumstance in which something occurs.

お気軽

o-kigaru — Feel free; casually; without hesitation (polite form).

お問い合わせ

o-toiawase — Inquiry; contacting someone with a question (polite).

ください

kudasai — Please do; polite request form in Japanese.

件

ken — Matter; case; counter for incidents or affairs.

関し

kanshi — Regarding; concerning; relating to a topic.

お寄せ

o-yose — Send in; submit; contribute (polite request form).

いただい

itadai — Receive; get (humble form of receiving something).

さまざま

samazama — Various; diverse; many different kinds of things.

な

na — Adjective-linking particle connecting na-adjectives to nouns.

ご質問

go-shitsumon — Question; inquiry (honorific and polite form).

へ

e — Particle indicating direction or destination.

お答え

o-kotae — Answer; response to a question (polite form).

私

watashi — I; me; first-person singular pronoun.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people; us; they; group.

全

zen — All; entire; total; every one included.

合法

gōhō — Legal; lawful; in accordance with the law.

的

teki — Suffix meaning '-ic', '-al', or '-ly'; like.

募る

tsunoru — To solicit; to gather; to collect donations or support.

ため

tame — For the purpose of; in order to; for sake of.

書類

shorui — Documents; paperwork; official written materials.

手続き

tetsuzuki — Procedure; process; steps required to complete something.

完了

kanryō — Completion; finishing; bringing a task to an end.

せる

seru — Causative verb ending; to make or let someone do.

べく

beku — In order to; so as to (formal/literary expression).

継続

keizoku — Continuation; keeping something going over time.

取り組ん

torikumon — Working on; tackling; engaging with an issue or task.

掲載

keisai — Publication; listing; posting content in a medium.

ず

zu — Negative verb suffix meaning 'without doing'.

お手元

o-temoto — At hand; in your possession; right with you.

以降

ikō — On and after; from a certain point forward.

か

ka — Question particle at end of sentence; or; whether.

どう

dō — How; in what way; what is the situation.

お知り

o-shiri — To know; to be aware of (polite/humble form).

なり

nari — Become; or; either...or (conjunctive/formal form).

お尋ね

o-tazune — Inquiry; asking; polite form of seeking information.

まだ

mada — Still; not yet; continuing up to the present.

登録

tōroku — Registration; enrollment; signing up officially.

ない

nai — Not; negative form of verbs and adjectives.

方々

katagata — People; persons (polite plural reference to individuals).

こと

koto — Thing; fact; abstract concept or matter.

でき

deki — Can; be able to; possible (stem of dekiru).

ませ

mase — Polite imperative or negative auxiliary verb form.

ん

n — Negative contraction; explanatory or softening particle.

その

sono — That; referring to something near the listener.

よう

yō — Like; as if; in the manner of; seems.

ドナー

donā — Donor; person who gives money or resources.

自ら

mizukara — Oneself; personally; of one's own accord.

申し出

mōshide — Offer; proposal; volunteering to do something.

くださる

kudasaru — To give; to do for someone (honorific verb).

それ

sore — That; referring to something near the listener.

受け入れる

ukeireru — To accept; to receive; to take in something offered.

禁じる

kinjiru — To prohibit; to forbid; to ban an action.

規定

kitei — Regulation; rule; stipulation set by an authority.

存在

sonzai — Existence; presence; being something that exists.

認識

ninshiki — Recognition; awareness; understanding of a fact.

国際

kokusai — International; relating to multiple countries or nations.

受け付け

uketsuke — Reception; acceptance; processing of a request.

税控除

zei kōjo — Tax deduction; reduction of taxable income legally.

する

suru — To do; to perform; basic action verb in Japanese.

方法

hōhō — Method; way; means of doing something.

ある

aru — To exist; to be; to have (inanimate things).

そもそも

somosomo — In the first place; to begin with; originally.

控除

kōjo — Deduction; subtraction; reduction from a total amount.

可能

kanō — Possible; feasible; capable of being done.

つい

tsui — Unintentionally; just; only a short time ago.

一切

issai — All; entirely; not at all (used with negatives).

把握

haaku — Grasp; understanding; having a firm knowledge of.

仮

kari — Temporary; provisional; hypothetical; assumed for now.

も

mo — Also; too; even; as well (inclusive particle).

対応

taiō — Response; handling; corresponding to a situation.

る

ru — Dictionary-form verb ending for ru-verbs (ichidan).

スタッフ

sutaffu — Staff; employees; team members of an organization.

おり

ori — Humble form of 'iru'; to be; to exist (polite).