Joseph II. and His Court: An Historical Novel — Page 3

Vocabulary

သို့မဟုတ်

thoe ma hout — Conjunction meaning 'or', connecting alternative options.

သင်

thin — You; second person pronoun in Burmese.

လိုချင်

lo chin — To want or desire something.

သော

thaw — Relative particle connecting adjective or verb to noun.

ဖိုင်

pfaing — File, as in a computer or document file.

နာမည်

na meh — Name; the title given to a person or thing.

၏

e — Possessive particle meaning 'of' or belonging to.

ပထမ

pa hta ma — First; indicating the earliest or foremost position.

စာလုံး

sa lone — Letter; a single written character or alphabet unit.

ငါးလုံး

nga lone — Five letters or five characters in writing.

ဖြင့်

hpyin — Instrumental particle meaning 'with' or 'by means of'.

ကျွန်ုပ်တို့

kya nope toe — We; first person plural formal pronoun.

သတင်းလွှာ

tha ding hlwa — Newsletter; a periodical information bulletin or circular.

များ

mya — Plural marker; also means 'many' or 'a lot'.

တွင်

twin — Locative particle meaning 'in', 'at', or 'within'.

ပေါ်

paw — On top of; above a surface or location.

သည့်

thint — Relative clause marker linking verb to following noun.

အတိုင်း

a tine — According to; in accordance with a standard.

ရှာဖွေ

sha hpwe — To search or look for something actively.

လိုက်

lite — To follow; directional verb complement indicating pursuit.

ပါ။

pa — Polite sentence-final particle for requests or statements.

အကြောင်း

a kyaung — About; concerning a topic or subject matter.

သတင်း

tha ding — News or information about current events.

အချက်အလက်

a chet a let — Information or data; factual details about something.

စာမျက်နှာ

sa myat hna — Page; a single side of a written document.

တစ်မျက်နှာ

tit myat hna — One page; a single page of a document.

သည်

thì — Sentence topic marker; indicates subject of statement.

အလုပ်

a lote — Work or job; an occupation or task.

လုပ်

lote — To do or to work; general action verb.

တစ်နာရီ

tit na yi — One hour; a single unit of time measurement.

ချင်း

chin — Each; reciprocal or distributive particle in sentences.

စီ

si — Each; distributive particle meaning per unit or apiece.

အတွက်

a twet — For; indicating purpose or benefit of an action.

ဒေါ်လာ

daw la — Dollar; the US or other dollar currency unit.

ခန့်

khan — Approximately; roughly estimating a quantity or amount.

ထုတ်လုပ်

tote lote — To produce or manufacture; to create output.

တစ်ခု

tit khu — One item; a single unit of something.

ကို

ko — Object marker particle indicating the direct object.

ရွေးချယ်

yway cheh — To choose or select from available options.

ရန်

yan — In order to; purpose marker before a verb.

ထည့်သွင်း

hteh thwin — To input or insert; to put something in.

စာစစ်

sa sit — Proofreading; checking written text for errors.

တည်းဖြတ်

te hpyat — To edit; to revise or correct written content.

မူပိုင်ခွင့်

mu pine kwin — Copyright; legal right over creative intellectual property.

စစ်ဆေး

sit say — To inspect or verify; to check something carefully.

နှင့်

hnin — And; conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses.

လေ့လာ

leh la — To study or learn; to acquire knowledge.

သုံးသပ်

thone thut — To analyze or evaluate; to critically assess something.

စာ

sa — Letter, text, or writing; a written document.

ရေး

yay — To write; the act of composing written text.

စသည်

sa thì — And so on; et cetera, indicating a continuing list.

တို့

toe — Plural marker for pronouns or groups of people.

ကြာချိန်

kya chain — Duration; the length of time something takes.

သတ်မှတ်ချက်

thut hmat chet — Specification or criterion; a defined standard or requirement.

အနည်းငယ်

a nee ngeh — A little; a small amount of something.

ကျဉ်းမြောင်း

kyin myaung — Narrow; limited in scope or width.

ခန့်မှန်းချက်

khan hman chet — Estimate; an approximate calculation or projection.

အရ

a ya — According to; based on a source or standard.

နာရီ

na yi — Hour; a unit of time equal to sixty minutes.

ငါးဆယ်

nga seh — Fifty; the number fifty.

ဖြစ်

hpyit — To be or become; a copular or existential verb.

ဤ

i — This; formal demonstrative pronoun used in writing.

ခန့်မှန်း

khan hman — To estimate; to make an approximate calculation.

ထား

hta — To place or keep; resultative verb particle.

ပရိသတ်

pa yi thet — Audience; a group of listeners or readers.

မှာ

hma — Locative particle; at, in, or on a place.

စာဖတ်သူ

sa pfat thu — Reader; a person who reads written material.

စာသား

sa tha — Text; written content or body of a document.

လျှင်

hshin — If or when; conditional particle in sentences.

တန်ဖိုး

tan hpoe — Value or worth; the importance of something.

ဟု

hu — Quotative particle meaning 'said that' or 'called'.

အမည်ခံ

a myi khan — Named or called; bearing a particular title or name.

ပါက

pa ka — If; conditional particle introducing a hypothetical clause.

တစ်လ

tit la — One month; a single calendar month period.

ထုတ်ဝေ

tote weh — To publish or distribute; to release for public access.

နှစ်

hnit — Year; an annual period of twelve months.

ကြ

kya — Plural verb particle indicating multiple subjects acting.

ပြီး

pyi — After completing; done, finished with an action.

ခုနှစ်

khu hnit — Year; used in counting calendar years formally.

ထပ်မံ

htat man — Additionally; once more, again adding to something.

ကာ

ka — While doing; connective particle linking sequential actions.

စုစုပေါင်း

su su paung — Total; the grand sum of all combined amounts.

ကျော်

kyaw — Over or exceeding; surpassing a number or limit.

ရရှိ

ya shi — To obtain or receive; to gain or acquire something.

မည်

myi — Future tense marker; will or shall do something.

ယင်းတို့

yin toe — Those; third person plural demonstrative pronoun.

ကမ္ဘာ့

kamba — World's; possessive form of the world.

လူဦးရေ

lu u yay — Population; the total number of people living somewhere.

သာ

tha — Only; restrictive particle limiting scope of statement.

ရောက်ရှိ

yout shi — To reach or arrive at a destination or target.

နှစ်ကုန်

hnit kone — End of year; the close of a calendar year.

ပေးကမ်း

pay khan — To offer or provide freely; to donate or give.

ဘီလီယံ

bi li yan — Billion; the number one thousand million.

သင့်

thint — Your; second person singular possessive pronoun.

ရည်မှန်းချက်

yi hman chet — Goal or ambition; a target one aims to achieve.

ရက်နေ့

yet neh — Date; a specific day on the calendar.

ခေါင်းစဉ်

khaung sin — Title or heading; a label for a document or section.

၎င်း

da gin — It or that; formal third person pronoun or reference.

လက်ရှိ

let shi — Current or present; existing at this moment in time.

ကွန်ပျူတာ

kone pyu ta — Computer; an electronic device for processing information.

သုံးစွဲသူ

thone sweh thu — User; a person who uses a product or service.

အရေအတွက်

a yay a twet — Quantity or number; the count of something.

ပြင်ဆင်

pyin qin — To prepare or fix; to adjust or repair something.

ထုတ်လုပ်မှု

tote lote hmu — Production; the process of creating or manufacturing output.

နှုန်း

hnone — Rate; a measure of speed, frequency, or proportion.

တကယ့်

ta keh — Real or genuine; truly or actually in practice.

ရန်ပုံငွေ

yan pone ngway — Fund; money reserved for a specific purpose.

မှ

hma — From; ablative particle indicating source or origin.

မဟုတ်

ma hout — Not; negation word meaning is not or are not.

ကုန်

kone — To run out or finish; goods or commodities.

ထို

htoe — That; demonstrative pronoun referring to something distant.

နိုင်

nine — Can or able to; modal verb indicating capability.

နောက်ထပ်

nout htat — Additional; another or further item beyond existing ones.

အထိ

a hti — Until or up to; indicating an extent or limit.

အနာဂတ်

a na gat — Future; the time period yet to come.

ခိုင်မာ

khine ma — Solid or firm; stable and strong in nature.

စေ

say — Causative particle; to make or cause something to happen.

တည်ထောင်

te htaung — To establish or found; to set up an organization.

ခဲ့

kheh — Past tense marker; indicates a completed past action.