Joseph II. and His Court: An Historical Novel — Page 4

Vocabulary

Chúng

Chúng — We, us (plural pronoun, used with tôi)

tôi

tôi — I, me (first person singular pronoun)

cần

cần — To need, to require something

sự

sự — Nominalizer particle for abstract nouns

quyên

quyên — To collect, solicit (as in donations)

góp

góp — To contribute, to pool together resources

của

của — Of, belonging to (possessive particle)

bạn

bạn — You, friend (informal second person pronoun)

hơn

hơn — More than, greater than (comparative particle)

bao

bao — How much, ever (used in expressions of time)

giờ

giờ — Hour, time, now (common time word)

hết

hết — All, completely, to run out of

Kể

Kể — To count, to tell, to narrate a story

từ

từ — From, since (preposition of time or place)

ngày

ngày — Day, date (basic time unit word)

tháng

tháng — Month (used in dates and time expressions)

năm

năm — Year (also means five in Vietnamese)

các

các — Plural marker for nouns (definite plural)

khoản

khoản — A sum, fund, or financial contribution item

đóng

đóng — To pay, to close, to contribute money

chỉ

chỉ — Only, just, merely (limiting adverb)

được

được — To be allowed, able, or successfully done

kêu

kêu — To call out, to appeal, to cry

gọi

gọi — To call, to summon, to name something

những

những — Plural marker for indefinite or general nouns

người

người — Person, people (classifier for humans)

ở

ở — To live in, to be located at a place

và

và — And (coordinating conjunction linking items)

đã

đã — Past tense marker indicating completed action

nộp

nộp — To submit, to hand in documents or fees

hồ

hồ — File, dossier (used in hồ sơ, meaning file)

sơ

sơ — Preliminary; combined with hồ means dossier

khoảng

khoảng — About, approximately (used for estimates)

tiểu

tiểu — Small, minor; used in tiểu bang meaning state

bang

bang — State (as in US state, political unit)

nhưng

nhưng — But, however (coordinating conjunction)

đây

đây — Here, this (demonstrative pronoun for nearby)

là

là — Is, are, to be (linking verb)

duy

duy — Sole, only (used in duy nhất meaning only)

nhất

nhất — Most, only, number one (superlative marker)

phản

phản — To respond, to react, to reflect back

hồi

hồi — Response, reply; period of time (past)

Khi

Khi — When, at the time that (temporal conjunction)

yêu

yêu — To love; used in yêu cầu meaning to request

cầu

cầu — To request, to demand; also means bridge

đối

đối — Toward, facing, opposite (preposition/prefix)

với

với — With, to, toward (preposition of relation)

khác

khác — Other, different, another (adjective/pronoun)

đáp

đáp — To answer, to respond, to reply

ứng

ứng — To meet, to respond (as in đáp ứng, to meet requirements)

danh

danh — Name, fame; used in danh sách meaning list

sách

sách — Book; list (in danh sách meaning list)

này

này — This (demonstrative adjective/pronoun)

sẽ

sẽ — Will, shall (future tense marker)

bổ

bổ — To supplement, to add to (as in bổ sung)

sung

sung — To supplement; combined with bổ means to update

việc

việc — Work, task, matter, affair (common noun)

gây

gây — To cause, to raise (as in gây quỹ, fundraising)

quỹ

quỹ — Fund, treasury (financial collection)

bắt

bắt — To begin, to catch; used in bắt đầu meaning start

đầu

đầu — Head, beginning; bắt đầu means to start

đó

đó — That, there (demonstrative pronoun for distant)

Xin

Xin — Please, to request politely (polite marker)

hãy

hãy — Please do, imperative marker for requests

tự

tự — Self, by oneself (reflexive prefix)

nhiên

nhiên — Natural; tự nhiên means feel free, naturally

hỏi

hỏi — To ask, to inquire (common action verb)

để

để — In order to, to put, to allow (purpose word)

kiểm

kiểm — To check, to inspect (as in kiểm tra)

tra

tra — To check, to examine (as in kiểm tra)

tình

tình — Situation, condition, feeling (common noun)

trạng

trạng — Status, condition; tình trạng means situation

Để

Để — In order to, so that (purpose conjunction)

trả

trả — To answer, to pay back, to return

lời

lời — Word, speech; trả lời means to answer

câu

câu — Sentence, question (classifier for questions)

nhau

nhau — Each other, one another (reciprocal pronoun)

mà

mà — But, yet, that (conjunction showing contrast)

chúng

chúng — We, they (plural pronoun, informal)

nhận

nhận — To receive, to recognize, to accept

về

về — About, regarding, to return to (preposition)

vấn

vấn — Issue, question; used in vấn đề meaning problem

đề

đề — Topic, issue; vấn đề means problem or issue

liên

liên — Continuous, connected (prefix in compounds)

tục

tục — Continuous; liên tục means continuously

làm

làm — To do, to make, to work (common action verb)

hoàn

hoàn — Complete, finish; hoàn thành means to complete

thành

thành — To complete, to become; hoàn thành means done

thủ

thủ — Procedure, formality (used in thủ tục)

giấy

giấy — Paper, document (common administrative word)

tờ

tờ — Sheet of paper; classifier for documents

nhằm

nhằm — In order to, aimed at achieving a goal

hợp

hợp — Legal, suitable; used in hợp pháp meaning legal

pháp

pháp — Law; hợp pháp means legal, lawful

hóa

hóa — To make into, to transform (suffix verb)

tất

tất — All, every (used in tất cả meaning all)

cả

cả — All, entire; tất cả means everything or all

Nếu

Nếu — If (conditional conjunction for hypothetical situations)

không

không — No, not (negation word, very common)

có

có — To have, there is/are (existence verb)

trong

trong — In, inside, within (preposition of location)

muốn

muốn — To want, to desire (common modal verb)

biết

biết — To know, to be aware of something

liệu

liệu — Whether, data; used in liệu ... chưa (whether yet)

thêm

thêm — More, additionally, to add to something

nó

nó — It, he, she (third person informal pronoun)

vào

vào — Into, to enter, in (directional preposition)

kể

kể — To count, to include; kể từ means since

hay

hay — Or; interesting; good (multipurpose common word)

chưa

chưa — Not yet (negation for incomplete actions)

cứ

cứ — Go ahead, just do it (permissive adverb)

Mặc

Mặc — Although; used in mặc dù meaning even though

dù

dù — Although, even though (concessive conjunction)

thể

Can, able to (used in có thể meaning can)

đăng

đăng — To register, to post (as in đăng ký)

ký

ký — To sign, to register; đăng ký means to register

bất

bất — Any, un- (negative or universal prefix)

kỳ

kỳ — Any, period; bất kỳ means any (whatsoever)

quy

quy — Rule, regulation (used in quy định)

định

định — To regulate, to determine; quy định means regulation

nào

nào — Which, any (question word or universal quantifier)

cấm

cấm — To prohibit, to ban, to forbid

chấp

chấp — To accept, to approve (used in chấp nhận)

khi

khi — When, at the time of (temporal conjunction)

họ

họ — They, them (third person plural pronoun)

chủ

chủ — Main, active, host; used in chủ động meaning proactive

động

động — Active; chủ động means proactive or initiative

nghị

nghị — To propose, to discuss (used in đề nghị)

cho

cho — For, to give, to allow (very common verb)

Các

Các — Plural marker for definite nouns (formal)

quốc

quốc — Country, national (used in quốc tế meaning international)

tế

tế — International; quốc tế means international

BẤT

BẤT — Any, not (emphatic uppercase form of bất)

CỨ

CỨ — Any, regardless (emphatic uppercase form of cứ)

ĐIỀU

ĐIỀU — Thing, matter, article (emphatic uppercase noun)

GÌ

GÌ — What, anything (question or indefinite pronoun)

cách

cách — Way, method, manner of doing something

khấu

khấu — Deduction; used in khấu trừ meaning to deduct

trừ

trừ — To deduct, to subtract, except (common verb)

thuế

thuế — Tax (common financial and legal term)

hoặc

hoặc — Or (alternative conjunction between options)

thậm

thậm — Even, extremely (used in thậm chí meaning even)

chí

chí — Even; thậm chí means even, going so far as

CÓ

CÓ — To have, there is (emphatic uppercase form)

THỂ

THỂ — Can, able to (emphatic uppercase, có thể)

nhân

nhân — Person, staff; nhân viên means employee or staff

viên

viên — Member, staff; nhân viên means employee

xử

xử — To handle, to process, to deal with

lý

lý — To manage, reason; xử lý means to process

điều

điều — Thing, matter, article (common noun)

ngay

ngay — Right away, immediately, right (adverb of time)