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Leviathan — Page 5

English → De Preface Level 9/10

If notwithstanding this, you find my labour generally decryed, you may be pleased to excuse your selfe, and say that I am a man that love my own opinions, and think all true I say, that I honoured your Brother, and honour you, and have presum'd on that, to assume the Title (without your knowledge) of being, as I am,

Wenn Ihr nichtsdestoweniger meine Arbeit allgemein verachtet findet, so möget Ihr Euch belieben, Euch zu entschuldigen und zu sagen, daß ich ein Mann bin, der seine eigenen Meinungen liebt und alles für wahr hält, was ich sage, daß ich Euren Bruder geehrt habe und Euch ehre, und daß ich mich darauf vermessen habe, den Titel anzunehmen (ohne Euer Wissen), derjenige zu sein, der ich bin,

Sir,

Mein Herr,

Your most humble, and most obedient servant, Thomas Hobbes.

Euer demütigster und gehorsamster Diener, Thomas Hobbes.

Paris APRILL 15/25 1651.

Paris, den 15./25. April 1651.

CONTENTS OF THE CHAPTERS

INHALT DER KAPITEL

THE FIRST PART

DER ERSTE TEIL

OF MAN

VOM MENSCHEN

INTRODUCTION

EINLEITUNG

1. OF SENSE

1. VOM SINNESWAHRNEHMUNG

2. OF IMAGINATION

2. VON DER EINBILDUNGSKRAFT

3. OF THE CONSEQUENCES OR TRAIN OF IMAGINATIONS

3. VON DEN FOLGEN ODER DEM ZUGE DER EINBILDUNGEN

4. OF SPEECH

4. VON DER SPRACHE

5. OF REASON AND SCIENCE

5. VON DER VERNUNFT UND DER WISSENSCHAFT

6. OF THE INTERIOUR BEGINNINGS OF VOLUNTARY MOTIONS, COMMONLY CALLED THE PASSIONS; AND THE SPEECHES BY WHICH THEY ARE EXPRESSED

6. VON DEN INNEREN ANFÄNGEN DER WILLKÜRLICHEN BEWEGUNGEN, GEMEINHIN DIE LEIDENSCHAFTEN GENANNT; UND DIE AUSDRÜCKE, DURCH WELCHE SIE AUSGEDRÜCKT WERDEN

7. OF THE ENDS OR RESOLUTIONS OF DISCOURSE

7. VON DEN ZIELEN ODER ENTSCHLÜSSEN DES DISKURSES

8. OF THE VERTUES, COMMONLY CALLED INTELLECTUALL, AND THEIR CONTRARY DEFECTS

8. VON DEN TUGENDEN, GEMEINHIN INTELLEKTUELLE GENANNT, UND IHREN ENTGEGENGESETZTEN MÄNGELN

9. OF THE SEVERALL SUBJECTS OF KNOWLEDGE

9. VON DEN VERSCHIEDENEN GEGENSTÄNDEN DES WISSENS

10. OF POWER, WORTH, DIGNITY, HONOUR, AND WORTHINESSE

10. VON MACHT, WERT, WÜRDE, EHRE UND WÜRDIGKEIT

11. OF THE DIFFERENCE OF MANNERS

11. VON DEM UNTERSCHIED DER SITTEN

12. OF RELIGION

12. VON DER RELIGION

13. OF THE NATURALL CONDITION OF MANKIND AS CONCERNING THEIR FELICITY AND MISERY

13. VON DEM NATÜRLICHEN ZUSTAND DER MENSCHHEIT IN BEZUG AUF IHR GLÜCK UND IHR ELEND

14. OF THE FIRST AND SECOND NATURALL LAWES, AND OF CONTRACT

14. VON DEM ERSTEN UND ZWEITEN NATURGESETZ UND VOM VERTRAG

15. OF OTHER LAWES OF NATURE

15. VON DEN ÜBRIGEN NATURGESETZEN

16. OF PERSONS, AUTHORS, AND THINGS PERSONATED

16. VON PERSONEN, URHEBERN UND DARGESTELLTEN DINGEN

THE SECOND PART

DER ZWEITE TEIL

OF COMMON-WEALTH

VOM GEMEINWESEN

17. OF THE CAUSES, GENERATION, AND DEFINITION OF A COMMON-WEALTH

17. VON DEN URSACHEN, DER ENTSTEHUNG UND DER DEFINITION EINES GEMEINWESENS

18. OF THE RIGHTS OF SOVERAIGNES BY INSTITUTION

18. VON DEN RECHTEN DER SOUVERÄNE DURCH EINSETZUNG

19. OF SEVERALL KINDS OF COMMON-WEALTH BY INSTITUTION; AND OF SUCCESION TO THE SOVERAIGN POWER

19. VON DEN VERSCHIEDENEN ARTEN DES GEMEINWESENS DURCH EINSETZUNG; UND VON DER NACHFOLGE IN DIE SOUVERÄNE GEWALT

20.

20.

Vocabulary

Wenn
Conjunction meaning 'if' or 'when' in German.
Ihr
Formal pronoun meaning 'you' (plural/formal address).
nichtsdestoweniger
Formal adverb meaning 'nevertheless' or 'nonetheless'.
meine
Possessive pronoun meaning 'my' in German.
Arbeit
Noun meaning 'work' or 'labor'.
allgemein
Adjective meaning 'general' or 'common'.
verachtet
Verb form meaning 'despised' or 'scorned'.
findet
Verb meaning 'finds' or 'considers'.
so
Conjunction or adverb meaning 'so' or 'then'.
möget
Archaic subjunctive form of 'mögen,' meaning 'may you'.
Euch
Formal or plural reflexive/accusative pronoun meaning 'you/yourselves'.
belieben
Verb meaning 'to please' or 'to be inclined'.
zu
Preposition or infinitive particle meaning 'to'.
entschuldigen
Verb meaning 'to excuse' or 'to apologize'.
und
Conjunction meaning 'and'.
sagen
Verb meaning 'to say' or 'to tell'.
daß
Archaic spelling of 'dass,' conjunction meaning 'that'.
ich
Personal pronoun meaning 'I'.
ein
Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an'.
Mann
Noun meaning 'man' or 'male person'.
bin
First-person singular of 'sein,' meaning 'am'.
der
Definite article or relative pronoun meaning 'the' or 'who'.
seine
Possessive pronoun meaning 'his' or 'its'.
eigenen
Adjective meaning 'own' or 'personal'.
Meinungen
Noun meaning 'opinions' or 'views'.
liebt
Verb meaning 'loves' or 'is fond of'.
alles
Pronoun meaning 'everything' or 'all'.
für
Preposition meaning 'for'.
wahr
Adjective meaning 'true' or 'real'.
hält
Verb meaning 'holds' or 'considers'.
was
Relative or interrogative pronoun meaning 'what'.
sage
First-person singular of 'sagen,' meaning 'say'.
Euren
Formal possessive pronoun meaning 'your' (accusative/dative).
Bruder
Noun meaning 'brother'.
geehrt
Past participle of 'ehren,' meaning 'honored'.
habe
First-person singular of 'haben,' meaning 'have'.
ehre
Verb meaning 'honor' (first-person singular present).
mich
First-person accusative pronoun meaning 'me'.
darauf
Adverb meaning 'thereupon' or 'on that'.
vermessen
Adjective or verb meaning 'presumptuous' or 'to presume'.
den
Definite article in accusative case meaning 'the'.
Titel
Noun meaning 'title' or 'designation'.
anzunehmen
Infinitive meaning 'to assume' or 'to take on'.
ohne
Preposition meaning 'without'.
Euer
Formal possessive pronoun meaning 'your'.
Wissen
Noun meaning 'knowledge' or 'awareness'.
derjenige
Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the one' or 'that person'.
sein
Infinitive meaning 'to be'.
Mein
Possessive pronoun meaning 'my'.
Herr
Noun meaning 'mister,' 'lord,' or 'gentleman'.
demütigster
Superlative adjective meaning 'most humble'.
gehorsamster
Superlative adjective meaning 'most obedient'.
Diener
Noun meaning 'servant' or 'attendant'.
April
Noun meaning 'April,' the fourth month.
INHALT
Noun meaning 'contents' or 'table of contents'.
DER
Definite article meaning 'the' (genitive or nominative).
KAPITEL
Noun meaning 'chapter' or 'section'.
ERSTE
Ordinal adjective meaning 'first'.
TEIL
Noun meaning 'part' or 'section'.
VOM
Contraction of 'von dem,' meaning 'of the' or 'about the'.
MENSCHEN
Noun meaning 'humans,' 'mankind,' or 'people'.
EINLEITUNG
Noun meaning 'introduction' or 'preface'.
SINNESWAHRNEHMUNG
Noun meaning 'sensory perception' or 'sense experience'.
VON
Preposition meaning 'of,' 'from,' or 'about'.
EINBILDUNGSKRAFT
Noun meaning 'imagination' or 'faculty of imagination'.
DEN
Definite article in dative or accusative plural meaning 'the'.
FOLGEN
Noun meaning 'consequences' or 'results'.
ODER
Conjunction meaning 'or'.
DEM
Definite article in dative case meaning 'the'.
ZUGE
Noun meaning 'train of thought' or 'sequence'.
EINBILDUNGEN
Noun meaning 'imaginations' or 'mental images'.
SPRACHE
Noun meaning 'language' or 'speech'.
VERNUNFT
Noun meaning 'reason' or 'rationality'.
UND
Conjunction meaning 'and'.
WISSENSCHAFT
Noun meaning 'science' or 'systematic knowledge'.
INNEREN
Adjective meaning 'inner' or 'internal'.
ANFÄNGEN
Noun meaning 'beginnings' or 'origins'.
WILLKÜRLICHEN
Adjective meaning 'voluntary' or 'arbitrary'.
BEWEGUNGEN
Noun meaning 'movements' or 'motions'.
GEMEINHIN
Adverb meaning 'commonly' or 'generally'.
DIE
Definite article meaning 'the' (feminine or plural).
LEIDENSCHAFTEN
Noun meaning 'passions' or 'strong emotions'.
GENANNT
Past participle of 'nennen,' meaning 'called' or 'named'.
AUSDRÜCKE
Noun meaning 'expressions' or 'terms'.
DURCH
Preposition meaning 'through' or 'by means of'.
WELCHE
Relative pronoun meaning 'which' or 'those which'.
SIE
Personal pronoun meaning 'they,' 'she,' or formal 'you'.
AUSGEDRÜCKT
Past participle of 'ausdrücken,' meaning 'expressed'.
WERDEN
Auxiliary verb meaning 'to become' or 'will' (future).
ZIELEN
Noun meaning 'goals' or 'ends'; or verb 'to aim'.
ENTSCHLÜSSEN
Noun meaning 'decisions' or 'resolutions'.
DES
Definite article in genitive case meaning 'of the'.
DISKURSES
Noun meaning 'discourse' or 'deliberation' (genitive).
TUGENDEN
Noun meaning 'virtues' or 'moral qualities'.
INTELLEKTUELLE
Adjective meaning 'intellectual' or relating to intellect.
IHREN
Possessive pronoun meaning 'their' or 'her' (dative/accusative).
ENTGEGENGESETZTEN
Adjective meaning 'opposing' or 'contrary'.
MÄNGELN
Noun meaning 'deficiencies,' 'faults,' or 'defects'.
VERSCHIEDENEN
Adjective meaning 'various' or 'different'.
GEGENSTÄNDEN
Noun meaning 'objects,' 'subjects,' or 'topics'.
WISSENS
Genitive of 'Wissen,' meaning 'of knowledge'.
MACHT
Noun meaning 'power' or 'might'.
WERT
Noun or adjective meaning 'worth' or 'value'.
WÜRDE
Noun meaning 'dignity' or 'worth'.
EHRE
Noun meaning 'honor' or 'esteem'.
WÜRDIGKEIT
Noun meaning 'worthiness' or 'dignity'.
UNTERSCHIED
Noun meaning 'difference' or 'distinction'.
SITTEN
Noun meaning 'customs,' 'manners,' or 'morals'.
RELIGION
Noun meaning 'religion' or 'faith'.
NATÜRLICHEN
Adjective meaning 'natural' or 'of nature'.
ZUSTAND
Noun meaning 'condition,' 'state,' or 'situation'.
MENSCHHEIT
Noun meaning 'humanity' or 'mankind'.
IN
Preposition meaning 'in' or 'into'.
BEZUG
Noun meaning 'relation' or 'reference'; in 'in Bezug auf' = regarding.
AUF
Preposition meaning 'on,' 'upon,' or 'regarding'.
IHR
Possessive pronoun meaning 'her,' 'their,' or formal 'your'.
GLÜCK
Noun meaning 'happiness,' 'luck,' or 'fortune'.
ELEND
Noun meaning 'misery,' 'wretchedness,' or 'suffering'.
ERSTEN
Ordinal adjective meaning 'first' (declined form).
ZWEITEN
Ordinal adjective meaning 'second' (declined form).
NATURGESETZ
Noun meaning 'law of nature' or 'natural law'.
VERTRAG
Noun meaning 'contract,' 'treaty,' or 'agreement'.
ÜBRIGEN
Adjective meaning 'remaining' or 'other'.
NATURGESETZEN
Noun meaning 'laws of nature' (dative plural).
PERSONEN
Noun meaning 'persons,' 'characters,' or 'legal persons'.
URHEBERN
Noun meaning 'authors,' 'originators,' or 'principals'.
DARGESTELLTEN
Adjective meaning 'represented' or 'depicted'.
DINGEN
Noun meaning 'things' (dative plural).
ZWEITE
Ordinal adjective meaning 'second'.
GEMEINWESEN
Noun meaning 'commonwealth' or 'polity.'
URSACHEN
Noun meaning 'causes' or 'reasons'.
ENTSTEHUNG
Noun meaning 'origin,' 'formation,' or 'emergence'.
DEFINITION
Noun meaning 'definition' or 'explanation of a term'.
EINES
Indefinite article in genitive case meaning 'of a'.
RECHTEN
Noun meaning 'rights' or adjective 'right' (declined form).
SOUVERÄNE
Noun meaning 'sovereigns' or relating to sovereignty.
EINSETZUNG
Noun meaning 'institution,' 'installation,' or 'establishment'.
ARTEN
Noun meaning 'types,' 'kinds,' or 'species'.
NACHFOLGE
Noun meaning 'succession' or 'inheritance of power'.
GEWALT
Noun meaning 'power,' 'authority,' or 'violence'.
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