Leviathan — Page 5
If notwithstanding this, you find my labour generally decryed, you may be pleased to excuse your selfe, and say that I am a man that love my own opinions, and think all true I say, that I honoured your Brother, and honour you, and have presum'd on that, to assume the Title (without your knowledge) of being, as I am,
Wenn Ihr nichtsdestoweniger meine Arbeit allgemein verachtet findet, so möget Ihr Euch belieben, Euch zu entschuldigen und zu sagen, daß ich ein Mann bin, der seine eigenen Meinungen liebt und alles für wahr hält, was ich sage, daß ich Euren Bruder geehrt habe und Euch ehre, und daß ich mich darauf vermessen habe, den Titel anzunehmen (ohne Euer Wissen), derjenige zu sein, der ich bin,
Sir,
Mein Herr,
Your most humble, and most obedient servant, Thomas Hobbes.
Euer demütigster und gehorsamster Diener, Thomas Hobbes.
Paris APRILL 15/25 1651.
Paris, den 15./25. April 1651.
CONTENTS OF THE CHAPTERS
INHALT DER KAPITEL
THE FIRST PART
DER ERSTE TEIL
OF MAN
VOM MENSCHEN
INTRODUCTION
EINLEITUNG
1. OF SENSE
1. VOM SINNESWAHRNEHMUNG
2. OF IMAGINATION
2. VON DER EINBILDUNGSKRAFT
3. OF THE CONSEQUENCES OR TRAIN OF IMAGINATIONS
3. VON DEN FOLGEN ODER DEM ZUGE DER EINBILDUNGEN
4. OF SPEECH
4. VON DER SPRACHE
5. OF REASON AND SCIENCE
5. VON DER VERNUNFT UND DER WISSENSCHAFT
6. OF THE INTERIOUR BEGINNINGS OF VOLUNTARY MOTIONS, COMMONLY CALLED THE PASSIONS; AND THE SPEECHES BY WHICH THEY ARE EXPRESSED
6. VON DEN INNEREN ANFÄNGEN DER WILLKÜRLICHEN BEWEGUNGEN, GEMEINHIN DIE LEIDENSCHAFTEN GENANNT; UND DIE AUSDRÜCKE, DURCH WELCHE SIE AUSGEDRÜCKT WERDEN
7. OF THE ENDS OR RESOLUTIONS OF DISCOURSE
7. VON DEN ZIELEN ODER ENTSCHLÜSSEN DES DISKURSES
8. OF THE VERTUES, COMMONLY CALLED INTELLECTUALL, AND THEIR CONTRARY DEFECTS
8. VON DEN TUGENDEN, GEMEINHIN INTELLEKTUELLE GENANNT, UND IHREN ENTGEGENGESETZTEN MÄNGELN
9. OF THE SEVERALL SUBJECTS OF KNOWLEDGE
9. VON DEN VERSCHIEDENEN GEGENSTÄNDEN DES WISSENS
10. OF POWER, WORTH, DIGNITY, HONOUR, AND WORTHINESSE
10. VON MACHT, WERT, WÜRDE, EHRE UND WÜRDIGKEIT
11. OF THE DIFFERENCE OF MANNERS
11. VON DEM UNTERSCHIED DER SITTEN
12. OF RELIGION
12. VON DER RELIGION
13. OF THE NATURALL CONDITION OF MANKIND AS CONCERNING THEIR FELICITY AND MISERY
13. VON DEM NATÜRLICHEN ZUSTAND DER MENSCHHEIT IN BEZUG AUF IHR GLÜCK UND IHR ELEND
14. OF THE FIRST AND SECOND NATURALL LAWES, AND OF CONTRACT
14. VON DEM ERSTEN UND ZWEITEN NATURGESETZ UND VOM VERTRAG
15. OF OTHER LAWES OF NATURE
15. VON DEN ÜBRIGEN NATURGESETZEN
16. OF PERSONS, AUTHORS, AND THINGS PERSONATED
16. VON PERSONEN, URHEBERN UND DARGESTELLTEN DINGEN
THE SECOND PART
DER ZWEITE TEIL
OF COMMON-WEALTH
VOM GEMEINWESEN
17. OF THE CAUSES, GENERATION, AND DEFINITION OF A COMMON-WEALTH
17. VON DEN URSACHEN, DER ENTSTEHUNG UND DER DEFINITION EINES GEMEINWESENS
18. OF THE RIGHTS OF SOVERAIGNES BY INSTITUTION
18. VON DEN RECHTEN DER SOUVERÄNE DURCH EINSETZUNG
19. OF SEVERALL KINDS OF COMMON-WEALTH BY INSTITUTION; AND OF SUCCESION TO THE SOVERAIGN POWER
19. VON DEN VERSCHIEDENEN ARTEN DES GEMEINWESENS DURCH EINSETZUNG; UND VON DER NACHFOLGE IN DIE SOUVERÄNE GEWALT
20.
20.
Vocabulary
- Wenn
- Conjunction meaning 'if' or 'when' in German.
- Ihr
- Formal pronoun meaning 'you' (plural/formal address).
- nichtsdestoweniger
- Formal adverb meaning 'nevertheless' or 'nonetheless'.
- meine
- Possessive pronoun meaning 'my' in German.
- Arbeit
- Noun meaning 'work' or 'labor'.
- allgemein
- Adjective meaning 'general' or 'common'.
- verachtet
- Verb form meaning 'despised' or 'scorned'.
- findet
- Verb meaning 'finds' or 'considers'.
- so
- Conjunction or adverb meaning 'so' or 'then'.
- möget
- Archaic subjunctive form of 'mögen,' meaning 'may you'.
- Euch
- Formal or plural reflexive/accusative pronoun meaning 'you/yourselves'.
- belieben
- Verb meaning 'to please' or 'to be inclined'.
- zu
- Preposition or infinitive particle meaning 'to'.
- entschuldigen
- Verb meaning 'to excuse' or 'to apologize'.
- und
- Conjunction meaning 'and'.
- sagen
- Verb meaning 'to say' or 'to tell'.
- daß
- Archaic spelling of 'dass,' conjunction meaning 'that'.
- ich
- Personal pronoun meaning 'I'.
- ein
- Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an'.
- Mann
- Noun meaning 'man' or 'male person'.
- bin
- First-person singular of 'sein,' meaning 'am'.
- der
- Definite article or relative pronoun meaning 'the' or 'who'.
- seine
- Possessive pronoun meaning 'his' or 'its'.
- eigenen
- Adjective meaning 'own' or 'personal'.
- Meinungen
- Noun meaning 'opinions' or 'views'.
- liebt
- Verb meaning 'loves' or 'is fond of'.
- alles
- Pronoun meaning 'everything' or 'all'.
- für
- Preposition meaning 'for'.
- wahr
- Adjective meaning 'true' or 'real'.
- hält
- Verb meaning 'holds' or 'considers'.
- was
- Relative or interrogative pronoun meaning 'what'.
- sage
- First-person singular of 'sagen,' meaning 'say'.
- Euren
- Formal possessive pronoun meaning 'your' (accusative/dative).
- Bruder
- Noun meaning 'brother'.
- geehrt
- Past participle of 'ehren,' meaning 'honored'.
- habe
- First-person singular of 'haben,' meaning 'have'.
- ehre
- Verb meaning 'honor' (first-person singular present).
- mich
- First-person accusative pronoun meaning 'me'.
- darauf
- Adverb meaning 'thereupon' or 'on that'.
- vermessen
- Adjective or verb meaning 'presumptuous' or 'to presume'.
- den
- Definite article in accusative case meaning 'the'.
- Titel
- Noun meaning 'title' or 'designation'.
- anzunehmen
- Infinitive meaning 'to assume' or 'to take on'.
- ohne
- Preposition meaning 'without'.
- Euer
- Formal possessive pronoun meaning 'your'.
- Wissen
- Noun meaning 'knowledge' or 'awareness'.
- derjenige
- Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the one' or 'that person'.
- sein
- Infinitive meaning 'to be'.
- Mein
- Possessive pronoun meaning 'my'.
- Herr
- Noun meaning 'mister,' 'lord,' or 'gentleman'.
- demütigster
- Superlative adjective meaning 'most humble'.
- gehorsamster
- Superlative adjective meaning 'most obedient'.
- Diener
- Noun meaning 'servant' or 'attendant'.
- April
- Noun meaning 'April,' the fourth month.
- INHALT
- Noun meaning 'contents' or 'table of contents'.
- DER
- Definite article meaning 'the' (genitive or nominative).
- KAPITEL
- Noun meaning 'chapter' or 'section'.
- ERSTE
- Ordinal adjective meaning 'first'.
- TEIL
- Noun meaning 'part' or 'section'.
- VOM
- Contraction of 'von dem,' meaning 'of the' or 'about the'.
- MENSCHEN
- Noun meaning 'humans,' 'mankind,' or 'people'.
- EINLEITUNG
- Noun meaning 'introduction' or 'preface'.
- SINNESWAHRNEHMUNG
- Noun meaning 'sensory perception' or 'sense experience'.
- VON
- Preposition meaning 'of,' 'from,' or 'about'.
- EINBILDUNGSKRAFT
- Noun meaning 'imagination' or 'faculty of imagination'.
- DEN
- Definite article in dative or accusative plural meaning 'the'.
- FOLGEN
- Noun meaning 'consequences' or 'results'.
- ODER
- Conjunction meaning 'or'.
- DEM
- Definite article in dative case meaning 'the'.
- ZUGE
- Noun meaning 'train of thought' or 'sequence'.
- EINBILDUNGEN
- Noun meaning 'imaginations' or 'mental images'.
- SPRACHE
- Noun meaning 'language' or 'speech'.
- VERNUNFT
- Noun meaning 'reason' or 'rationality'.
- UND
- Conjunction meaning 'and'.
- WISSENSCHAFT
- Noun meaning 'science' or 'systematic knowledge'.
- INNEREN
- Adjective meaning 'inner' or 'internal'.
- ANFÄNGEN
- Noun meaning 'beginnings' or 'origins'.
- WILLKÜRLICHEN
- Adjective meaning 'voluntary' or 'arbitrary'.
- BEWEGUNGEN
- Noun meaning 'movements' or 'motions'.
- GEMEINHIN
- Adverb meaning 'commonly' or 'generally'.
- DIE
- Definite article meaning 'the' (feminine or plural).
- LEIDENSCHAFTEN
- Noun meaning 'passions' or 'strong emotions'.
- GENANNT
- Past participle of 'nennen,' meaning 'called' or 'named'.
- AUSDRÜCKE
- Noun meaning 'expressions' or 'terms'.
- DURCH
- Preposition meaning 'through' or 'by means of'.
- WELCHE
- Relative pronoun meaning 'which' or 'those which'.
- SIE
- Personal pronoun meaning 'they,' 'she,' or formal 'you'.
- AUSGEDRÜCKT
- Past participle of 'ausdrücken,' meaning 'expressed'.
- WERDEN
- Auxiliary verb meaning 'to become' or 'will' (future).
- ZIELEN
- Noun meaning 'goals' or 'ends'; or verb 'to aim'.
- ENTSCHLÜSSEN
- Noun meaning 'decisions' or 'resolutions'.
- DES
- Definite article in genitive case meaning 'of the'.
- DISKURSES
- Noun meaning 'discourse' or 'deliberation' (genitive).
- TUGENDEN
- Noun meaning 'virtues' or 'moral qualities'.
- INTELLEKTUELLE
- Adjective meaning 'intellectual' or relating to intellect.
- IHREN
- Possessive pronoun meaning 'their' or 'her' (dative/accusative).
- ENTGEGENGESETZTEN
- Adjective meaning 'opposing' or 'contrary'.
- MÄNGELN
- Noun meaning 'deficiencies,' 'faults,' or 'defects'.
- VERSCHIEDENEN
- Adjective meaning 'various' or 'different'.
- GEGENSTÄNDEN
- Noun meaning 'objects,' 'subjects,' or 'topics'.
- WISSENS
- Genitive of 'Wissen,' meaning 'of knowledge'.
- MACHT
- Noun meaning 'power' or 'might'.
- WERT
- Noun or adjective meaning 'worth' or 'value'.
- WÜRDE
- Noun meaning 'dignity' or 'worth'.
- EHRE
- Noun meaning 'honor' or 'esteem'.
- WÜRDIGKEIT
- Noun meaning 'worthiness' or 'dignity'.
- UNTERSCHIED
- Noun meaning 'difference' or 'distinction'.
- SITTEN
- Noun meaning 'customs,' 'manners,' or 'morals'.
- RELIGION
- Noun meaning 'religion' or 'faith'.
- NATÜRLICHEN
- Adjective meaning 'natural' or 'of nature'.
- ZUSTAND
- Noun meaning 'condition,' 'state,' or 'situation'.
- MENSCHHEIT
- Noun meaning 'humanity' or 'mankind'.
- IN
- Preposition meaning 'in' or 'into'.
- BEZUG
- Noun meaning 'relation' or 'reference'; in 'in Bezug auf' = regarding.
- AUF
- Preposition meaning 'on,' 'upon,' or 'regarding'.
- IHR
- Possessive pronoun meaning 'her,' 'their,' or formal 'your'.
- GLÜCK
- Noun meaning 'happiness,' 'luck,' or 'fortune'.
- ELEND
- Noun meaning 'misery,' 'wretchedness,' or 'suffering'.
- ERSTEN
- Ordinal adjective meaning 'first' (declined form).
- ZWEITEN
- Ordinal adjective meaning 'second' (declined form).
- NATURGESETZ
- Noun meaning 'law of nature' or 'natural law'.
- VERTRAG
- Noun meaning 'contract,' 'treaty,' or 'agreement'.
- ÜBRIGEN
- Adjective meaning 'remaining' or 'other'.
- NATURGESETZEN
- Noun meaning 'laws of nature' (dative plural).
- PERSONEN
- Noun meaning 'persons,' 'characters,' or 'legal persons'.
- URHEBERN
- Noun meaning 'authors,' 'originators,' or 'principals'.
- DARGESTELLTEN
- Adjective meaning 'represented' or 'depicted'.
- DINGEN
- Noun meaning 'things' (dative plural).
- ZWEITE
- Ordinal adjective meaning 'second'.
- GEMEINWESEN
- Noun meaning 'commonwealth' or 'polity.'
- URSACHEN
- Noun meaning 'causes' or 'reasons'.
- ENTSTEHUNG
- Noun meaning 'origin,' 'formation,' or 'emergence'.
- DEFINITION
- Noun meaning 'definition' or 'explanation of a term'.
- EINES
- Indefinite article in genitive case meaning 'of a'.
- RECHTEN
- Noun meaning 'rights' or adjective 'right' (declined form).
- SOUVERÄNE
- Noun meaning 'sovereigns' or relating to sovereignty.
- EINSETZUNG
- Noun meaning 'institution,' 'installation,' or 'establishment'.
- ARTEN
- Noun meaning 'types,' 'kinds,' or 'species'.
- NACHFOLGE
- Noun meaning 'succession' or 'inheritance of power'.
- GEWALT
- Noun meaning 'power,' 'authority,' or 'violence'.
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