Leviathan — Page 3
Neither Thomas Hobbes nor his typesetters seem to have had many inhibitions about spelling and punctuation.
トーマス・ホッブズも彼の植字工たちも、綴りや句読点についてほとんど制約を感じていなかったようである。
I have tried to reproduce both exactly, with the exception of the introduction of quotation marks.
引用符の導入を除いて、両方をできる限り忠実に再現するよう努めた。
In preparing the text, I have found that it has much more meaning if I read it with sub-vocalization, or aloud, rather than trying to read silently.
本文を準備するにあたり、黙読しようとするよりも、心の中で音読するか、あるいは声に出して読む方が、はるかに意味が伝わることに気づいた。
Hobbes' use of emphasis and his eccentric punctuation and construction seem then to work.
そうすると、ホッブズの強調表現や彼の独特な句読点と文章構造がうまく機能しているように思われる。
TO MY MOST HONOR'D FRIEND Mr. FRANCIS GODOLPHIN of GODOLPHIN
ゴドルフィンのフランシス・ゴドルフィン氏、わが最も尊敬すべき友人へ
HONOR'D SIR.
尊敬する御方へ。
Your most worthy Brother Mr SIDNEY GODOLPHIN, when he lived, was pleas'd to think my studies something, and otherwise to oblige me, as you know, with reall testimonies of his good opinion, great in themselves, and the greater for the worthinesse of his person.
あなたの最も高貴なる兄君、シドニー・ゴドルフィン氏は、ご存命の折、私の研究をある程度評価してくださり、またご存知のとおり、その他においても、彼自身の真摯な好意の証をもって私に恩義を与えてくださいました。その証はそれ自体において偉大であり、彼の人格の高潔さによってさらに大きなものとなっておりました。
For there is not any vertue that disposeth a man, either to the service of God, or to the service of his Country, to Civill Society, or private Friendship, that did not manifestly appear in his conversation, not as acquired by necessity, or affected upon occasion, but inhaerent, and shining in a generous constitution of his nature.
なぜなら、人を神への奉仕へと、あるいは国への奉仕へと、市民社会へと、または個人的な友情へと向かわせるいかなる徳も、彼の振る舞いの中に明らかに現れていなかったものはなく、それは必要に迫られて身につけたものでも、折に触れて装ったものでもなく、彼の天性の寛大な構えの中に内在し、輝いていたからであります。
Therefore in honour and gratitude to him, and with devotion to your selfe, I humbly Dedicate unto you this my discourse of Common-wealth.
それゆえ、彼への敬意と感謝をこめて、そしてあなた自身への献身をもって、私はこの国家論の論考をつつしんであなたに献呈いたします。
I know not how the world will receive it, nor how it may reflect on those that shall seem to favour it.
世間がこれをどのように受け取るか、またこれを支持するように見られる人々にどのような影響を与えるか、私には知る由もありません。
Vocabulary
- も
- mo — Also, too, even; inclusive particle.
- 彼
- kare — He, him; third-person masculine pronoun.
- の
- no — Possessive or nominalizing particle.
- たち
- tachi — Plural suffix for people or animate beings.
- 綴り
- tsuzuri — Spelling; arrangement of letters in a word.
- や
- ya — And, or; lists items non-exhaustively.
- 句読点
- kutōten — Punctuation marks used in written text.
- について
- ni tsuite — About, concerning, regarding a topic.
- ほとんど
- hotondo — Almost, mostly, hardly; near totality.
- 制約
- seiyaku — Restriction, constraint, limitation imposed on something.
- を
- wo — Object-marking particle indicating direct object.
- 感じ
- kanji — Feeling, sense, impression of something.
- て
- te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential actions.
- い
- i — Auxiliary indicating ongoing state or action.
- なかった
- nakatta — Did not; past negative form of auxiliary.
- よう
- yō — It seems, appears; conjecture or likeness.
- で
- de — Particle indicating location, means, or manner.
- ある
- aru — To be, exist; copula for inanimate things.
- 引用符
- in'yōfu — Quotation marks used to indicate quoted text.
- 導入
- dōnyū — Introduction, adoption, incorporation of something new.
- 除い
- nozoi — Excluding, removing, setting aside something.
- 両方
- ryōhō — Both sides, both options, the two together.
- できる
- dekiru — To be able to, can do something.
- 限り
- kagiri — As much as possible; limit, extent, boundary.
- 忠実
- chūjitsu — Faithful, loyal, accurate; true to original.
- に
- ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or target.
- 再現
- saigen — Reproduction, recreation of something as it was.
- する
- suru — To do; general-purpose action verb.
- 努め
- tsutome — Effort, endeavor; striving to accomplish something.
- た
- ta — Past tense auxiliary verb marker.
- 本文
- honbun — Main text, body text of a document.
- 準備
- junbi — Preparation, readiness; getting things ready beforehand.
- あたり
- atari — Around, about, in the process of doing.
- 黙読
- mokudoku — Silent reading; reading without making a sound.
- しよう
- shiyō — Let's do; volitional form suggesting intention.
- と
- to — Particle meaning and, with, or quotation marker.
- より
- yori — Than, more than; comparative particle.
- 心
- kokoro — Heart, mind, spirit; inner emotional self.
- 中
- naka — Inside, within, middle of something.
- 音読
- ondoku — Reading aloud; vocalizing written text.
- か
- ka — Question particle or alternative marker meaning or.
- あるいは
- arui wa — Or, alternatively; presenting another possibility.
- 声
- koe — Voice, sound produced when speaking or singing.
- 出し
- dashi — Putting out, producing; stem form of dasu.
- 読む
- yomu — To read text or written material.
- 方
- hō — Direction, way, side; comparative alternative.
- が
- ga — Subject-marking particle; also conjunctive but.
- はるかに
- haruka ni — Far more, by far; to a great degree.
- 意味
- imi — Meaning, significance of a word or phrase.
- 伝わる
- tsutawaru — To be conveyed, transmitted, understood by someone.
- こと
- koto — Thing, fact, matter; nominalizer for verbs.
- 気づい
- kizui — Noticed, realized, became aware of something.
- そうする
- sō suru — To do so, act in that manner.
- 強調
- kyōchō — Emphasis, stress placed on a particular point.
- 表現
- hyōgen — Expression, representation of ideas or feelings.
- 独特
- dokutoku — Unique, distinctive, peculiar to something or someone.
- な
- na — Adjectival particle connecting na-adjective to noun.
- 文章
- bunshō — Sentence, text, written passage or composition.
- 構造
- kōzō — Structure, construction, framework of something.
- うまく
- umaku — Well, skillfully, successfully; in an effective way.
- 機能
- kinō — Function, capability, role something serves.
- し
- shi — Conjunctive form of suru; also listing conjunction.
- いる
- iru — To exist, be present; progressive auxiliary.
- 思わ
- omowa — Thought, considered; stem of omou think.
- れる
- reru — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix.
- 氏
- shi — Mr., Ms.; honorific suffix for names.
- わが
- waga — My, our; first-person possessive formal expression.
- 最も
- mottomo — Most, extremely; superlative adverb.
- 尊敬
- sonkei — Respect, reverence shown toward someone admired.
- べき
- beki — Should, ought to; expressing obligation or expectation.
- 友人
- yūjin — Friend; a person one has friendship with.
- へ
- e — Directional particle meaning to, toward, for.
- あなた
- anata — You; second-person singular pronoun.
- 高貴
- kōki — Noble, aristocratic, of high dignified character.
- なる
- naru — To become; or adjective-linking honorific suffix.
- は
- wa — Topic-marking particle; marks sentence topic.
- 折
- ori — Time, occasion, opportunity when something occurred.
- 私
- watashi — I, me; first-person singular pronoun.
- 研究
- kenkyū — Research, study, investigation of a subject.
- ある程度
- aru teido — To some extent, to a certain degree.
- 評価
- hyōka — Evaluation, assessment, appreciation of worth.
- くださり
- kudasari — Kindly gave; honorific giving verb form.
- また
- mata — Also, again, furthermore; additive connector.
- ご存知
- gozonji — Honorific for knowing; you are aware of.
- とおり
- tōri — As, in accordance with; just as stated.
- その他
- sonota — Other things, the rest, in other matters.
- において
- ni oite — In, at, regarding; formal location or context marker.
- 自身
- jishin — Oneself, personally; reflexive pronoun emphasizing self.
- 真摯
- shinshi — Sincere, earnest, serious in attitude or manner.
- 好意
- kōi — Goodwill, kindness, favorable feeling toward someone.
- 証
- akashi — Proof, evidence, testimony of something real.
- もって
- motte — With, by means of; using as an instrument.
- 恩義
- ongi — Debt of gratitude, obligation owed to someone.
- 与え
- atae — Give, grant, bestow something upon someone.
- くださいました
- kudasaimashita — Kindly gave (past honorific); respectful giving expression.
- その
- sono — That, those; demonstrative adjective for nearby referent.
- それ
- sore — That, it; demonstrative pronoun for nearby thing.
- 自体
- jitai — Itself, in itself; emphasizing the thing alone.
- 偉大
- idai — Great, magnificent, of enormous importance or scale.
- あり
- ari — Is, exists; classical or formal copula form.
- 人格
- jinkaku — Character, personality, human dignity of a person.
- 高潔
- kōketsu — Noble character, integrity, moral uprightness of person.
- さ
- sa — Suffix nominalizing adjectives into abstract nouns.
- によって
- ni yotte — By, due to, through; indicates cause or agent.
- さらに
- sara ni — Furthermore, even more, additionally, to a greater degree.
- 大きな
- ōkina — Large, big, great in size or importance.
- もの
- mono — Thing, object; nominalizer indicating a tangible thing.
- なって
- natte — Became, turned into; te-form of naru.
- おりました
- orimashita — Was, existed; humble past form of iru.
- なぜ
- naze — Why, for what reason; interrogative adverb.
- なら
- nara — If, in the case of; conditional particle.
- 人
- hito — Person, human being, individual.
- 神
- kami — God, deity, divine spirit.
- 奉仕
- hōshi — Service, dedication to serving others or God.
- へと
- e to — Toward, in the direction of; directional marker.
- 国
- kuni — Country, nation, state, homeland.
- 市民
- shimin — Citizen, civilian, member of a civic community.
- 社会
- shakai — Society, social community, the social sphere.
- または
- mata wa — Or, alternatively; presenting a second option.
- 個人
- kojin — Individual, private person as opposed to group.
- 的
- teki — Suffix meaning -ic, -al; relating to something.
- 友情
- yūjō — Friendship, camaraderie, bond between friends.
- 向かわ
- mukawa — Turn toward, direct oneself; stem form of mukau.
- せる
- seru — Causative auxiliary; to make or let someone do.
- いかなる
- ikanaru — Any, whatever kind of; emphatic universal adjective.
- 徳
- toku — Virtue, moral excellence, ethical quality.
- 振る舞い
- furumai — Behavior, conduct, manner in which one acts.
- 明らか
- akiraka — Clear, evident, obvious, apparent to everyone.
- 現れ
- araware — Appearance, manifestation of something previously unseen.
- なく
- naku — Without, not; negative conjunctive form.
- 必要
- hitsuyō — Necessary, required, essential for something.
- 迫ら
- semara — Pressured, compelled, driven by necessity.
- れて
- rete — Passive te-form; being made to do something.
- 身
- mi — Body, oneself, personal self.
- つけ
- tsuke — Attach, acquire, learn; stem form of tsukeru.
- 触れ
- fure — Touch, come into contact with; encounter.
- 装った
- yosootta — Pretended, feigned, put on an outward appearance.
- 天性
- tensei — Natural disposition, innate character, inborn nature.
- 寛大
- kandai — Generous, magnanimous, broad-minded, tolerant.
- 構え
- kamae — Stance, posture, attitude, disposition toward something.
- 輝い
- kagayai — Shone, gleamed, radiated brilliance or light.
- から
- kara — From, because; particle of origin or reason.
- あります
- arimasu — There is, exists; polite form of aru.
- それゆえ
- soreyue — Therefore, for that reason; formal consequential conjunction.
- 敬意
- keii — Respect, reverence, esteem shown toward someone.
- 感謝
- kansha — Gratitude, thankfulness for something received.
- こめ
- kome — Filled with, imbued with; putting feeling into.
- そして
- soshite — And then, and so; additive or sequential connector.
- 献身
- kenshin — Dedication, devotion, selfless service to someone.
- この
- kono — This; demonstrative adjective for nearby thing.
- つつしんで
- tsutsushinde — Humbly, respectfully; with reverence and modesty.
- いたします
- itashimasu — Will do; humble polite form of suru.
- 世間
- seken — The world, society, public opinion, people generally.
- これ
- kore — This, this one; proximal demonstrative pronoun.
- どの
- dono — Which, what kind of; interrogative adjective.
- 受け取る
- uketoru — To receive, accept something given or sent.
- 支持
- shiji — Support, backing, endorsement of something or someone.
- 見ら
- mira — Be seen, be perceived; passive form of miru.
- 人々
- hitobito — People, persons, the general public.
- 影響
- eikyō — Influence, effect, impact on something or someone.
- 与える
- ataeru — To give, grant, provide, bestow upon someone.
- 知る
- shiru — To know, learn, be aware of something.
- ありません
- arimasen — There is not, does not exist; polite negative.
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