Leviathan — Page 4
For in a way beset with those that contend on one side for too great Liberty, and on the other side for too much Authority, 'tis hard to passe between the points of both unwounded.
一方では過大な自由を求めて争う者たちに、他方では過大な権威を求めて争う者たちに取り囲まれた道においては、双方の矛先の間を傷つかずに通り抜けることは難しい。
But yet, me thinks, the endeavour to advance the Civill Power, should not be by the Civill Power condemned; nor private men, by reprehending it, declare they think that Power too great.
しかしながら、私が思うに、市民的権力を推進しようとする努力は、市民的権力によって非難されるべきではなく、また私人がそれを非難することによって、その権力が大きすぎると考えていることを表明すべきでもない。
Besides, I speak not of the men, but (in the Abstract) of the Seat of Power, (like to those simple and unpartiall creatures in the Roman Capitol, that with their noyse defended those within it, not because they were they, but there) offending none, I think, but those without, or such within (if there be any such) as favour them.
さらに、私は人々についてではなく、（抽象的に）権力の座について語っているのであり、（ローマのカピトルにいたあの単純で公平な生き物たちのように、彼らはその中にいる者たちを、彼らがその人たちであるからではなく、そこにいるからという理由で、その鳴き声によって守ったのだが、）私が思うに、外にいる者たち、あるいは（もしそのような者がいれば）彼らを支持する内なる者たち以外の誰をも傷つけることはない。
That which perhaps may most offend, are certain Texts of Holy Scripture, alledged by me to other purpose than ordinarily they use to be by others.
おそらく最も人を不快にさせるであろうものは、私が他の人々が通常用いるのとは異なる目的のために引用した、聖書のある箇所である。
But I have done it with due submission, and also (in order to my Subject) necessarily; for they are the Outworks of the Enemy, from whence they impugne the Civill Power.
しかし私はそれを然るべき従順さをもって行い、また（私の主題の必要上）必然的に行ったのである。なぜならそれらは敵の外郭工事であり、そこから彼らは市民的権力を攻撃するからである。
Vocabulary
- 一方
- ippou — On one hand; one side of an argument
- では
- dewa — In that case; well then; now
- 過大
- kadai — Excessive; overly large or great
- な
- na — Adjectival particle linking noun modifiers
- 自由
- jiyuu — Freedom; liberty; independence
- を
- wo — Object marker particle in Japanese grammar
- 求め
- motome — Seeking; requesting; demanding something
- て
- te — Conjunctive particle connecting verb phrases
- 争う
- arasou — To compete; to dispute; to fight over
- 者
- mono/sha — Person; one who does something
- たち
- tachi — Plural suffix for people or groups
- に
- ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or target
- 他方
- tahou — On the other hand; the other side
- 権威
- ken'i — Authority; power; prestige; influence
- 取り囲ま
- torikakoма — Surrounded; encircled by something or someone
- れた
- reta — Passive past tense verb ending suffix
- 道
- michi — Road; path; way; route
- において
- ni oite — In; at; regarding; in the context of
- は
- wa — Topic marker particle in Japanese sentences
- 双方
- souhou — Both sides; both parties involved
- の
- no — Possessive or linking particle between nouns
- 矛先
- hokosaki — Tip of a spear; target of criticism
- 間
- aida/ma — Between; among; interval; space between
- 傷つか
- kizutsuka — To be hurt; to be wounded or damaged
- ず
- zu — Negative verb suffix meaning without doing
- 通り抜ける
- toorinukeru — To pass through; to go through completely
- こと
- koto — Thing; fact; matter; nominalizer particle
- 難しい
- muzukashii — Difficult; hard; challenging to accomplish
- しかしながら
- shikashinagara — However; nevertheless; that said though
- 私
- watashi — I; me; first person pronoun
- が
- ga — Subject marker particle in Japanese grammar
- 思う
- omou — To think; to feel; to believe something
- 市民
- shimin — Citizen; civilian; member of society
- 的
- teki — Suffix meaning -like, -al, or pertaining to
- 権力
- kenryoku — Power; authority; political or governmental force
- 推進
- suishin — Promotion; driving forward; advancing a cause
- しよう
- shiyou — Let's do; volitional form of to do
- と
- to — Quotation or conjunction particle; and; with
- する
- suru — To do; to perform; general action verb
- 努力
- doryoku — Effort; hard work; endeavor toward a goal
- によって
- ni yotte — By means of; due to; depending on
- 非難
- hinan — Criticism; blame; censure; condemnation
- さ
- sa — Passive or nominalizing suffix; degree suffix
- れる
- reru — Passive voice verb ending in Japanese
- べき
- beki — Should; ought to; expressing obligation or duty
- なく
- naku — Without; not having; negative conjunctive form
- また
- mata — Also; again; furthermore; in addition
- 私人
- shijin — Private individual; private citizen; layperson
- それ
- sore — That; it; referring to something mentioned
- その
- sono — That (adjective); the aforementioned thing
- 大き
- ooki — Large; big; great in size or degree
- すぎる
- sugiru — Too much; excessively; to exceed a limit
- 考え
- kangae — Thought; idea; opinion; way of thinking
- いる
- iru — To be; to exist (animate beings)
- 表明
- hyoumei — Expression; declaration; making one's views known
- でも
- demo — But; however; even; or something like that
- ない
- nai — Not; negative verb or adjective ending
- さらに
- sara ni — Furthermore; in addition; even more so
- 人々
- hitobito — People; various people; the general public
- について
- ni tsuite — About; concerning; regarding a topic
- 抽象
- chuushou — Abstraction; abstract concept or idea
- 座
- za — Seat; position; constellation; gathering place
- 語っ
- katatte — Speaking; talking about; narrating something
- で
- de — At; in; by means of; location/method particle
- あり
- ari — Being; existing; conjunctive form of aru
- ローマ
- rooma — Rome; referring to ancient or modern Rome
- いた
- ita — Was; were; past tense of to exist
- あの
- ano — That (over there); those; the well-known
- 単純
- tanjun — Simple; plain; uncomplicated; straightforward
- 公平
- kouhei — Fair; impartial; just; unbiased treatment
- 生き物
- ikimono — Living creature; organism; living being
- よう
- you — Like; similar to; seems that; in order to
- 彼ら
- karera — They; them; those people (usually male)
- 中
- naka — Inside; among; middle; within a group
- 人
- hito/jin — Person; human being; people
- ある
- aru — To be; to exist (inanimate); there is
- から
- kara — From; because; after; starting point particle
- そこ
- soko — There; that place; that point
- という
- to iu — Called; known as; the fact that
- 理由
- riyuu — Reason; cause; grounds for something
- 鳴き声
- nakigoe — Cry; call; sound made by an animal
- 守っ
- mamotte — Protecting; guarding; defending something
- た
- ta — Past tense verb ending suffix in Japanese
- だ
- da — Is; am; are; plain form copula
- 外
- soto/gai — Outside; exterior; beyond a boundary
- あるいは
- arui wa — Or; alternatively; perhaps; on the other hand
- もし
- moshi — If; supposing; in case that something happens
- いれ
- ire — Conditional form of iru; if there is
- ば
- ba — Conditional particle meaning if or when
- 支持
- shiji — Support; backing; endorsement of someone
- 内なる
- uchinaru — Inner; internal; dwelling within oneself
- 以外
- igai — Other than; except for; besides something
- 誰
- dare — Who; which person; someone
- も
- mo — Also; too; even; emphatic or inclusive particle
- 傷つける
- kizutsukeru — To hurt; to wound; to damage someone
- おそらく
- osoraku — Probably; perhaps; most likely; presumably
- 最も
- mottomo — Most; extremely; the highest degree of
- 不快
- fukai — Unpleasant; discomfort; disagreeable feeling
- せる
- seru — Causative verb ending; to make someone do
- あろう
- arou — Probably is; volitional form of aru
- もの
- mono — Thing; object; person; nominalizing expression
- 他
- hoka/ta — Other; another; different; else
- 通常
- tsuujou — Usually; normally; ordinarily; as a rule
- 用いる
- mochiiru — To use; to employ; to make use of
- 異なる
- kotonaru — To differ; to be different; to vary
- 目的
- mokuteki — Purpose; goal; objective; aim
- ため
- tame — For; in order to; for the sake of
- 引用
- in'you — Quotation; citation; quoting a source
- した
- shita — Did; past tense of to do (suru)
- 聖書
- seisho — The Bible; Holy Scripture; sacred writings
- 箇所
- kasho — Passage; section; specific place in text
- 然るべき
- shikarubeki — Appropriate; proper; as it should be
- 従順
- juujun — Obedience; submissiveness; compliance; docility
- もって
- motte — With; by means of; having; using something
- 行い
- okonai — Conduct; behavior; deed; action performed
- 主題
- shudai — Subject; theme; main topic; thesis
- 必要
- hitsuyou — Necessary; needed; essential; required
- 上
- ue/jou — Above; on top; in terms of; regarding
- 必然
- hitsuzen — Necessity; inevitability; something that must happen
- 行っ
- itte/okonatte — Going; doing; carrying out an action
- なぜなら
- nazenara — Because; the reason is; for the reason that
- それら
- sorera — Those; those things; those previously mentioned
- 敵
- teki — Enemy; opponent; foe; adversary
- 外郭
- gaikaku — Outer shell; outer framework; perimeter structure
- 工事
- kouji — Construction work; building project; engineering works
- 攻撃
- kougeki — Attack; assault; offensive action against enemy
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