Leviathan — Page 10

Vocabulary

私

watashi — First-person pronoun meaning 'I' or 'me'.

が

ga — Subject marker particle in Japanese grammar.

言う

iu — To say, speak, or tell something.

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle in Japanese.

は

wa — Topic marker particle highlighting the sentence topic.

すべて

subete — All, everything, or entirely without exception.

人間

ningen — Human being, person, or humanity in general.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or indirect object.

共通

kyōtsū — Common, shared, or mutual among multiple parties.

する

suru — To do; general-purpose verb for actions.

情念

jōnen — Passion, strong emotion, or deep-seated feeling.

類似性

ruijitsusei — Similarity, resemblance, or likeness between things.

すなわち

sunawachi — That is, namely, or in other words.

欲望

yokubō — Desire, craving, or strong want for something.

恐怖

kyōfu — Fear, terror, or dread of something.

希望

kibō — Hope or wish for a positive outcome.

など

nado — Et cetera, and so on, among other things.

で

de — Particle indicating location of action or means.

あり

ari — Formal form of 'aru'; to exist or be.

対象

taishō — Object, target, or subject of attention or action.

つまり

tsumari — In other words, that is to say, ultimately.

望ま

nozoma — Stem form of 'nozomu'; to wish or desire.

れ

re — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix.

恐れ

osore — Fear, dread, or apprehension about something.

られ

rare — Passive, potential, or honorific auxiliary verb suffix.

さ

sa — Suffix nominalizing adjectives or indicating degree.

れる

reru — Passive or potential auxiliary verb ending.

事物

jibutsu — Things, objects, or matters in general.

ない

nai — Negation; not, does not exist, or lacking.

なぜなら

nazenara — Because, the reason being, used to explain cause.

これら

korera — These; plural demonstrative pronoun referring to nearby things.

個人

kojin — Individual person, as opposed to a group.

気質

kishitsu — Temperament, disposition, or natural character of a person.

や

ya — Particle listing items non-exhaustively, similar to 'and'.

特定

tokutei — Specific, particular, or identifying a certain thing.

教育

kyōiku — Education, upbringing, or instruction given to someone.

よっ

yot- — Contracted form of 'yotte'; due to, by means of.

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting clauses or actions sequentially.

大きく

ōkiku — Greatly, largely, or to a significant degree.

異なり

kotonari — To differ, vary, or be different from something.

また

mata — Also, again, or furthermore; adds related information.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or animate beings.

知識

chishiki — Knowledge, information, or understanding of a subject.

から

kara — From, because of; indicates origin or reason.

容易

yōi — Easy, simple, or not difficult to accomplish.

隠さ

kakusa — Stem form of 'kakusu'; to hide or conceal.

しまう

shimau — To end up doing; completion or regret auxiliary verb.

ため

tame — For the sake of, because of, or in order to.

虚偽

kyogi — Falsehood, lie, or something untrue and deceptive.

嘘

uso — A lie, falsehood, or untruth told to deceive.

偽装

gisō — Disguise, camouflage, or deliberate false appearance.

そして

soshite — And then, and also; connects sentences or clauses.

誤っ

ayamат- — Stem of 'ayamaru'; to err or be mistaken.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary indicating completed action.

教義

kyōgi — Doctrine, dogma, or established religious or philosophical teaching.

汚さ

kitanasa — Dirtiness, filth, or the state of being corrupt.

混乱

konran — Confusion, disorder, or chaotic state of affairs.

せ

se — Causative verb stem suffix; to make or let someone.

心

kokoro — Heart, mind, or inner spirit of a person.

文字

moji — Letter, character, or written symbol of a language.

を

wo — Direct object marker particle in Japanese sentences.

探り

saguri — Probing, searching, or feeling out for information.

究める

kiwameru — To master, pursue to the utmost, or thoroughly investigate.

者

mono/sha — Person, one who does something; a practitioner.

のみ

nomi — Only, solely, exclusively; a restrictive particle.

読み解く

yomitoku — To decipher, interpret, or read and understand deeply.

こと

koto — Thing, fact, or nominalizer turning verbs into nouns.

できる

dekiru — To be able to; to be possible or capable.

ある

aru — To exist, be present, or have (inanimate things).

人々

hitobito — People, folks; plural form indicating multiple individuals.

行動

kōdō — Action, behavior, or conduct of a person.

彼ら

karera — They, them; third-person plural pronoun.

意図

ito — Intention, purpose, or aim behind an action.

時

toki — Time, moment, or when a certain situation occurs.

見抜く

minuku — To see through, discern, or penetrate a disguise.

それ

sore — That; demonstrative pronoun referring to something nearby.

自分

jibun — Oneself, one's own self; reflexive pronoun.

自身

jishin — Oneself, itself; emphasizes personal identity or self.

と

to — Particle meaning 'and', 'with', or quotation marker.

比較

hikaku — Comparison or contrasting of two or more things.

し

shi — Conjunctive form of 'suru'; connecting actions or listing reasons.

事態

jitai — Situation, state of affairs, or circumstances.

変え

kae — Stem of 'kaeru'; to change or alter something.

うる

uru — Potential auxiliary meaning 'can' or 'is possible'.

あらゆる

arayuru — Every, all possible; covering every kind or type.

状況

jōkyō — Situation, circumstances, or current state of affairs.

区別

kubetsu — Distinction, differentiation, or telling things apart.

なく

naku — Without, lacking; negative conjunctive form.

行う

okonau — To carry out, perform, or conduct an action.

なら

nara — Conditional 'if' or 'in that case' conjunction.

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'when'.

鍵

kagi — Key; a tool for unlocking or solving something.

なし

nashi — Without, lacking; absence of something.

暗号

angō — Code, cipher, or encrypted message or symbol.

解読

kaidoku — Decipherment, decoding, or reading an encrypted message.

しよう

shiyō — Volitional form of 'suru'; let's do or intend to do.

よう

yō — Like, as if, or expressing likeness and intention.

な

na — Attributive form of copula; connects nouns to nouns.

もの

mono — Thing, object, or something in a general sense.

読み手

yomite — Reader; one who reads a text or message.

善人

zennin — Good person, virtuous individual, or someone morally upright.

か

ka — Question particle or 'or'; marks questions or alternatives.

悪人

akunin — Bad person, villain, or morally corrupt individual.

応じ

ōji — Responding to, depending on, or in accordance with.

過度

kado — Excess, excessiveness, or going beyond appropriate limits.

信頼

shinrai — Trust, confidence, or reliance placed in someone.

あるいは

aruiwa — Or, alternatively; presenting another possibility or option.

不信

fushin — Distrust, suspicion, or lack of faith in someone.

ほとんど

hotondo — Almost, mostly, or nearly all of something.

場合

baai — Case, situation, or occasion when something occurs.

欺か

azamuka — Stem of 'azamuku'; to deceive or be misled.

なる

naru — To become, to result in a certain state.

しかし

shikashi — However, but; introduces a contrasting statement.

人

hito — Person, human being, or people in general.

他

ta/hoka — Other, another, or the rest; something different.

どれ

dore — Which one; interrogative pronoun selecting among options.

ほど

hodo — To the extent of, as much as, approximately.

完璧

kanpeki — Perfect, flawless, or without any defect or error.

読み取っ

yomitot- — Stem of 'yomitoru'; to read and comprehend accurately.

も

mo — Also, even, or too; inclusive or concessive particle.

彼

kare — He, him; third-person masculine singular pronoun.

わずか

wazuka — Just a little, few, or a small amount only.

知人

chijin — Acquaintance; someone one knows but not intimately.

対し

taishi — Toward, against, or in relation to something.

しか

shika — Only (with negative); nothing but a limited thing.

役

yaku — Role, use, or service rendered to someone.

立た

tata — Stem of 'tatsu'; to stand or be useful.

国家

kokka — State, nation, or country as a political entity.

全体

zentai — Whole, entirety, or the complete total of something.

統治

tōchi — Governance, rule, or administration of a territory.

人類

jinrui — Humanity, mankind, or the human race as a whole.

そのもの

sono mono — The thing itself; emphasizes the subject directly.

内

nai/uchi — Inside, within, or interior of something.

読み取ら

yomitora — Stem of 'yomitoru'; to read and understand accurately.

なけれ

nakere — Conditional negative form; unless or if not.

難しい

muzukashii — Difficult, hard, or challenging to do or understand.

いかなる

ikanaru — Whatever, any kind of; formal emphatic expression.

言語

gengo — Language, tongue, or system of verbal communication.

学問

gakumon — Learning, scholarship, or academic study and knowledge.

学ぶ

manabu — To learn, study, or acquire knowledge or skill.

より

yori — Than, from, or more than; comparative particle.

読み

yomi — Reading; the act of reading text or characters.

整然

seizen — Orderly, systematic, or neatly arranged without confusion.

明瞭

meiryō — Clear, distinct, or easily understood without ambiguity.

記し

shirushi — Stem of 'shirusu'; to write down or record.

終え

oe — Stem of 'oeru'; to finish or complete something.

残さ

nokosa — Stem of 'nokosu'; to leave behind or preserve.

労苦

rōku — Toil, hardship, or laborious effort endured over time.

同じ

onaji — Same, identical, or equivalent to something else.

見出す

midasu — To find, discover, or identify something previously unknown.

どう

dō — How, in what way; interrogative adverb asking manner.

考察

kōsatsu — Consideration, examination, or careful analysis of a topic.

だけ

dake — Only, just, merely; limiting particle.

だろう

darō — Probably, likely; expresses conjecture or supposition.

この

kono — This; demonstrative adjective modifying a nearby noun.

種

shurui/tane — Kind, type, species, or sort of something.

証明

shōmei — Proof, demonstration, or verification of a claim.

受け付け

uketsuke — Acceptance, reception, or admitting something for consideration.