Leviathan — Page 2

English → Japanese CHAPTER I. OF SENSE Level 9/10

And this Seeming, or Fancy, is that which men call sense; and consisteth, as to the Eye, in a Light, or Colour Figured; To the Eare, in a Sound; To the Nostrill, in an Odour; To the Tongue and Palat, in a Savour; and to the rest of the body, in Heat, Cold, Hardnesse, Softnesse, and such other qualities, as we discern by Feeling.

そして、この見かけ、すなわち幻想こそが、人々が感覚と呼ぶものであり、目に関しては光または色の形として、耳に関しては音として、鼻に関しては匂いとして、舌と口蓋に関しては味として、そして身体の残りの部分に関しては、熱、冷たさ、硬さ、柔らかさ、およびその他の感触によって我々が識別するような性質として成り立っている。

All which qualities called Sensible, are in the object that causeth them, but so many several motions of the matter, by which it presseth our organs diversly.

感覚的と呼ばれるこれらすべての性質は、それらを引き起こす対象の中に存在するが、それは我々の器官を様々な形で圧迫する物質の多くの異なる運動に過ぎない。

Neither in us that are pressed, are they anything els, but divers motions; (for motion, produceth nothing but motion.)

また、圧迫を受ける我々の中においても、それらは様々な運動に過ぎない。（なぜなら、運動は運動以外の何も生み出さないからである。）

But their apparence to us is Fancy, the same waking, that dreaming.

しかし、我々に対するそれらの現れは幻想であり、夢を見ているときと同様に、目覚めているときも同じである。

And as pressing, rubbing, or striking the Eye, makes us fancy a light; and pressing the Eare, produceth a dinne; so do the bodies also we see, or hear, produce the same by their strong, though unobserved action,

目を押したり、こすったり、叩いたりすると光の幻想を生じさせ、耳を押すと騒音を生み出すように、我々が見たり聞いたりする物体もまた、気づかれないとはいえ強力な作用によって同じものを生み出す。

For if those Colours, and Sounds, were in the Bodies, or Objects that cause them, they could not bee severed from them, as by glasses, and in Ecchoes by reflection, wee see they are; where we know the thing we see, is in one place; the apparence, in another.

なぜなら、もしそれらの色や音が、それらを引き起こす物体や対象の中に存在するならば、レンズによって、あるいは反射によるこだまの中で我々が見るように、それらが物体から切り離されることはないはずだからである。そこでは、我々が見るものは一か所にあり、その現れは別の場所にあることを我々は知っている。

And though at some certain distance, the reall, and very object seem invested with the fancy it begets in us; Yet still the object is one thing, the image or fancy is another.

そして、ある一定の距離においては、実在する対象そのものが、それが我々の中に生み出す幻想をまとっているように見えるとはいえ、それでもやはり、対象は一つのものであり、像または幻想は別のものである。

Vocabulary

そして: soshite — And then; used to connect sequential ideas or events.
この: kono — This; demonstrative adjective indicating something nearby.
見かけ: mikake — Appearance; outward look or impression of something.
すなわち: sunawachi — That is; namely; used to clarify or restate.
幻想: gensou — Illusion; fantasy; something imagined or not real.
こそ: koso — Emphatic particle highlighting the preceding word.
が: ga — Subject marker particle; also means 'but'.
人々: hitobito — People; plural form referring to groups of people.
感覚: kankaku — Sense; sensation; perception through the senses.
と: to — And; with; quotation particle connecting words or phrases.
呼ぶ: yobu — To call; to name; to refer to something as.
もの: mono — Thing; object; something tangible or conceptual.
で: de — At; by; particle indicating location, means, or cause.
あり: ari — To be; exists; connective form of ある.
目: me — Eye; the organ used for seeing.
に: ni — In; at; to; direction or location particle.
関して: kanshite — Regarding; concerning; in relation to something.
は: wa — Topic marker particle indicating the sentence topic.
光: hikari — Light; brightness; radiance from a source.
または: mata wa — Or; alternatively; used to present another option.
色: iro — Color; hue; a visual property of objects.
の: no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns.
形: katachi — Shape; form; the outline or structure of something.
として: toshite — As; in the role of; used to indicate capacity.
耳: mimi — Ear; the organ used for hearing.
音: oto — Sound; noise; an auditory sensation.
鼻: hana — Nose; the organ used for smelling.
匂い: nioi — Smell; scent; an odor perceived by the nose.
舌: shita — Tongue; the organ used for tasting.
口蓋: kougai — Palate; the roof of the mouth.
味: aji — Taste; flavor; the quality perceived by the tongue.
身体: shintai — Body; the physical form of a living being.
残り: nokori — Remainder; the rest; what is left over.
部分: bubun — Part; portion; a section of a whole.
熱: netsu — Heat; warmth; high temperature sensation.
冷たさ: tsumetasa — Coldness; the quality of being cold to touch.
硬さ: katasa — Hardness; firmness; the quality of being rigid.
柔らかさ: yawarakasa — Softness; the quality of being gentle or pliable.
および: oyobi — And; as well as; formal conjunction linking items.
その他: sonota — Other; the rest; other things besides those mentioned.
感触: kanshoku — Touch; tactile sensation; physical feel of something.
によって: ni yotte — By means of; due to; through a certain method.
我々: wareware — We; us; first-person plural, formal usage.
識別: shikibetsu — Identification; discrimination; distinguishing between things.
する: suru — To do; to perform; general-purpose action verb.
よう: you — Like; as if; indicating similarity or manner.
な: na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns.
性質: seishitsu — Nature; property; characteristic quality of something.
成り立っている: naritatteiru — To be composed of; to consist of; to hold true.
て: te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential verb actions.
いる: iru — To be; to exist; used for animate beings or ongoing actions.
感覚的: kankakuteki — Sensory; pertaining to or involving the senses.
呼ばれる: yobareru — To be called; to be named; passive form of 呼ぶ.
これら: korera — These; plural demonstrative referring to nearby things.
すべて: subete — All; everything; the entirety of something.
それら: sorera — Those; plural demonstrative for previously mentioned things.
を: wo — Direct object particle marking the receiver of an action.
引き起こす: hikiokosu — To cause; to bring about; to trigger an event.
対象: taishou — Object; target; the subject of an action or study.
中: naka — Inside; among; within a space or group.
存在: sonzai — Existence; being; the state of existing.
それ: sore — That; it; demonstrative pronoun for something nearby.
器官: kikan — Organ; a bodily part performing a specific function.
様々: samazama — Various; diverse; many different kinds or types.
圧迫: appaku — Pressure; oppression; force applied against something.
物質: busshitsu — Substance; matter; physical material that exists.
多く: ooku — Many; much; a large number or quantity.
異なる: kotonaru — To differ; to be different; to vary from another.
運動: undou — Motion; movement; physical exercise or activity.
過ぎない: suginai — Nothing more than; merely; only; no more than that.
また: mata — Also; again; furthermore; in addition.
受ける: ukeru — To receive; to undergo; to experience something.
において: ni oite — In; at; regarding; formal location or context particle.
も: mo — Also; too; even; inclusive particle adding emphasis.
なぜなら: nazenara — Because; the reason being; used to explain cause.
以外: igai — Other than; except for; apart from something.
何: nani — What; anything; used in questions or negation.
生み出す: umidasu — To produce; to create; to give rise to something.
から: kara — From; because; indicating origin or reason.
ある: aru — To exist; to be; used for inanimate things.
しかし: shikashi — However; but; used to introduce a contrasting statement.
対する: taisuru — Toward; against; in relation to something.
現れ: araware — Appearance; manifestation; something becoming visible.
夢: yume — Dream; a vision or experience during sleep.
見る: miru — To see; to watch; to look at something.
とき: toki — Time; moment; when a particular situation occurs.
同様: douyou — Similarly; in the same way; likewise.
目覚め: mezame — Awakening; waking up; becoming conscious.
同じ: onaji — Same; identical; not different from something else.
押す: osu — To push; to press; to apply force against something.
たり: tari — Particle listing representative actions or states alternately.
こする: kosuru — To rub; to scrub; to move against a surface.
叩く: tataku — To hit; to tap; to strike something repeatedly.
生じる: shoujiru — To arise; to occur; to come into being.
させる: saseru — Causative auxiliary; to make or let someone do something.
騒音: souon — Noise; loud unpleasant sound; auditory disturbance.
聞く: kiku — To listen; to hear; to ask someone something.
物体: buttai — Object; physical body; a tangible material thing.
気づく: kizuku — To notice; to become aware; to realize something.
いえ: ie — No; rather; used to correct or contradict a statement.
強力: kyouryoku — Powerful; strong; having great force or effect.
作用: sayou — Effect; action; the influence one thing has on another.
もし: moshi — If; supposing; used to introduce a conditional clause.
や: ya — And; or; particle listing items in a non-exhaustive way.
なら: nara — If; given that; conditional particle for hypothetical situations.
ば: ba — If; conditional particle indicating a hypothetical situation.
レンズ: renzu — Lens; optical glass used to refract or focus light.
あるいは: aruiwa — Or; alternatively; possibly; used to suggest another option.
反射: hansha — Reflection; reflex; light or sound bouncing back.
による: ni yoru — Due to; by means of; caused by something.
こだま: kodama — Echo; reflected sound returning from a surface.
切り離す: kirihannasu — To separate; to detach; to cut off from something.
こと: koto — Thing; fact; abstract noun nominalizer for actions.
はず: hazu — Should; supposed to be; an expected or assumed result.
だ: da — Is; am; are; plain-form copula verb.
そこ: soko — There; that place; a location not near speaker.
一か所: ikkasho — One place; a single location or spot.
その: sono — That; the; demonstrative adjective for nearby things.
別: betsu — Different; separate; another distinct thing or place.
場所: basho — Place; location; a specific spot or area.
知る: shiru — To know; to learn; to become aware of something.
一定: ittei — Fixed; constant; a set or unchanging amount.
距離: kyori — Distance; the space between two points or objects.
実在: jitsuzai — Real existence; actuality; something that truly exists.
まとう: matou — To wear; to be clothed in; to be wrapped with.
見える: mieru — To be visible; to appear; to seem a certain way.
でも: demo — But; even so; however; used to show contrast.
やはり: yahari — As expected; still; after all; confirming a prior thought.
一つ: hitotsu — One; a single unit or item of something.
像: zou — Image; figure; a visual representation or reflection.

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