Leviathan — Page 10
I say the similitude of Passions, which are the same in all men, Desire, Feare, Hope, &c; not the similitude or The Objects of the Passions, which are the things Desired, Feared, Hoped, &c: for these the constitution individuall, and particular education do so vary, and they are so easie to be kept from our knowledge, that the characters of mans heart, blotted and confounded as they are, with dissembling, lying, counterfeiting, and erroneous doctrines, are legible onely to him that searcheth hearts.
나는 모든 인간에게 공통된 정념들의 유사성, 즉 욕망, 공포, 희망 등을 말하는 것이지, 욕망되고 두려워하며 희망되는 것들인 정념의 대상들의 유사성을 말하는 것이 아니다. 왜냐하면 이러한 대상들은 개인의 기질과 특수한 교육에 따라 너무나 다양하게 변하며, 우리의 인식으로부터 감추어지기가 너무나 쉬워서, 위장과 거짓말과 속임수와 그릇된 교설들로 흐릿해지고 뒤섞인 인간 마음의 문자들은 오직 마음을 탐구하는 자에게만 읽힐 수 있기 때문이다.
And though by mens actions wee do discover their designee sometimes; yet to do it without comparing them with our own, and distinguishing all circumstances, by which the case may come to be altered, is to decypher without a key, and be for the most part deceived, by too much trust, or by too much diffidence; as he that reads, is himselfe a good or evill man.
그리고 비록 우리가 인간들의 행동을 통해 때로 그들의 의도를 발견하기도 하지만, 그것을 우리 자신의 것과 비교하지 않고, 또한 상황을 변화시킬 수 있는 모든 사정들을 구별하지 않은 채 행하는 것은, 열쇠 없이 암호를 해독하려는 것과 같으며, 읽는 자 자신이 선한 사람이냐 악한 사람이냐에 따라 지나친 신뢰 혹은 지나친 불신으로 인해 대부분 기만당하게 된다.
But let one man read another by his actions never so perfectly, it serves him onely with his acquaintance, which are but few.
그러나 어떤 사람이 다른 사람을 그의 행동을 통해 아무리 완벽하게 파악한다 하더라도, 그것은 그에게 소수에 불과한 그의 지인들에 관해서만 도움이 될 뿐이다.
He that is to govern a whole Nation, must read in himselfe, not this, or that particular man; but Man-kind; which though it be hard to do, harder than to learn any Language, or Science; yet, when I shall have set down my own reading orderly, and perspicuously, the pains left another, will be onely to consider, if he also find not the same in himselfe.
온 나라를 통치해야 하는 자는 자기 자신 안에서 이 사람 또는 저 사람이 아니라 인류를 읽어야 한다. 이것은 비록 행하기 어렵고, 어떤 언어나 학문을 배우는 것보다 더 어렵지만, 내가 나 자신의 독해를 질서 있고 명료하게 기술해 놓는다면, 다른 이에게 남겨진 수고는 오직 그 자신 안에서도 같은 것을 발견하는지 고찰하는 것뿐일 것이다.
For this kind of Doctrine, admitteth no other Demonstration.
왜냐하면 이러한 종류의 학설은 다른 어떤 증명도 허용하지 않기 때문이다.
Vocabulary
- 나는
- na-neun — I (subject marker attached)
- 모든
- mo-deun — All, every, each thing or person
- 인간에게
- in-gan-e-ge — To humans, for human beings
- 공통된
- gong-tong-doen — Common, shared among all
- 유사성
- yu-sa-seong — Similarity, resemblance between things
- 즉
- jeuk — That is, namely, in other words
- 욕망
- yong-mang — Desire, strong craving or longing
- 공포
- gong-po — Fear, terror, intense dread
- 희망
- hui-mang — Hope, optimistic expectation for the future
- 등을
- deung-eul — Etc., and so on (object marker attached)
- 말하는
- mal-ha-neun — Speaking, referring to, talking about
- 것이지
- geo-si-ji — It is the case that, meaning
- 두려워하며
- du-ryeo-wo-ha-myeo — Fearing, while being afraid of something
- 것들인
- geot-deul-in — Things that are, objects which constitute
- 대상들의
- dae-sang-deul-eui — Of objects, targets of something
- 유사성을
- yu-sa-seong-eul — Similarity (object marker), resemblance between things
- 것이 아니다
- geo-si a-ni-da — It is not the case, that is not so
- 왜냐하면
- wae-nya-ha-myeon — Because, the reason being that
- 이러한
- i-reo-han — Such, these kinds of, this sort
- 대상들은
- dae-sang-deul-eun — Objects, targets (topic marker attached)
- 개인의
- gae-in-eui — Individual's, of a person
- 기질과
- gi-jil-gwa — Temperament and, natural disposition
- 특수한
- teuk-su-han — Special, particular, unique to a situation
- 교육에
- gyo-yuk-e — In education, regarding upbringing or schooling
- 따라
- tta-ra — According to, depending on, following
- 너무나
- neo-mu-na — So very, extremely, excessively
- 다양하게
- da-yang-ha-ge — Diversely, in various ways
- 변하며
- byeon-ha-myeo — Changing, varying, while transforming
- 우리의
- u-ri-eui — Our, belonging to us
- 인식으로부터
- in-sik-eu-ro-bu-teo — From perception, away from our understanding
- 쉬워서
- swi-wo-seo — Because it is easy, being simple
- 위장과
- wi-jang-gwa — Disguise and, camouflage, concealment
- 거짓말과
- geo-jit-mal-gwa — Lies and, falsehoods, untrue statements
- 속임수와
- so-gim-su-wa — Tricks and, deception, deceitful means
- 그릇된
- geu-reut-doen — Mistaken, wrong, distorted, erroneous
- 흐릿해지고
- heu-rit-hae-ji-go — Becoming blurry, growing obscure or dim
- 뒤섞인
- dwi-seok-in — Mixed up, jumbled together, intermingled
- 인간
- in-gan — Human being, mankind, person
- 마음의
- ma-eum-eui — Of the mind, of the heart
- 문자들은
- mun-ja-deul-eun — Characters, letters of the mind (topic marker)
- 오직
- o-jik — Only, solely, exclusively
- 마음을
- ma-eum-eul — The mind, the heart (object marker)
- 탐구하는
- tam-gu-ha-neun — Investigating, exploring, searching deeply into
- 자에게만
- ja-e-ge-man — Only to the person who, solely to one
- 읽힐 수 있기
- il-kil su it-gi — Being able to be read, readable
- 때문이다
- ttae-mun-i-da — It is because, the reason is
- 그리고
- geu-ri-go — And, furthermore, also
- 비록
- bi-rok — Although, even though, despite the fact
- 우리가
- u-ri-ga — We (subject marker), us as a group
- 인간들의
- in-gan-deul-eui — Of humans, belonging to people
- 행동을
- haeng-dong-eul — Actions, behavior (object marker attached)
- 통해
- tong-hae — Through, by means of
- 때로
- ttae-ro — Sometimes, occasionally, at times
- 그들의
- geu-deul-eui — Their, belonging to them
- 의도를
- eui-do-reul — Intentions, purposes (object marker attached)
- 발견하기도
- bal-gyeon-ha-gi-do — Also discovering, even finding out something
- 하지만
- ha-ji-man — However, but, nevertheless
- 그것을
- geu-geo-seul — It, that thing (object marker attached)
- 우리 자신의
- u-ri ja-sin-eui — Our own, belonging to ourselves
- 것과
- geot-gwa — With the thing, compared to something
- 비교하지 않고
- bi-gyo-ha-ji an-go — Without comparing, not comparing to anything
- 또한
- tto-han — Also, additionally, furthermore
- 상황을
- sang-hwang-eul — Situation, circumstances (object marker attached)
- 변화시킬
- byeon-hwa-si-kil — Able to change, capable of altering
- 있는
- it-neun — Existing, there is, having
- 사정들을
- sa-jeong-deul-eul — Circumstances, specific conditions (object marker)
- 구별하지 않은
- gu-byeol-ha-ji a-neun — Not distinguishing, without differentiating things
- 채
- chae — State of, while leaving something undone
- 행하는 것은
- haeng-ha-neun geo-seun — The act of doing, performing an action
- 열쇠
- yeol-soe — Key, tool used to unlock something
- 없이
- eop-si — Without, lacking, in the absence of
- 암호를
- am-ho-reul — Code, cipher (object marker attached)
- 해독하려는
- hae-dok-ha-ryeo-neun — Trying to decode, attempting to decipher
- 같으며
- ga-teu-myeo — Similar to, like, resembling while
- 읽는 자
- ing-neun ja — One who reads, the reader
- 자신이
- ja-sin-i — Oneself (subject marker), the person themselves
- 선한 사람이냐
- seon-han sa-ram-i-nya — Whether a good person or not
- 악한 사람이냐에
- ak-han sa-ram-i-nya-e — Whether an evil person, regarding wickedness
- 지나친
- ji-na-chin — Excessive, too much, going too far
- 신뢰
- sin-noe — Trust, confidence, reliance on someone
- 혹은
- hok-eun — Or, alternatively, either one
- 불신으로
- bul-sin-eu-ro — Due to distrust, through mistrust
- 인해
- in-hae — Due to, because of, caused by
- 대부분
- dae-bu-bun — Mostly, for the most part, majority
- 그러나
- geu-reo-na — However, but, on the other hand
- 어떤 사람이
- eo-tteon sa-ram-i — A certain person, some individual (subject marker)
- 다른 사람을
- da-reun sa-ram-eul — Another person (object marker), someone else
- 그의
- geu-eui — His, belonging to him
- 아무리
- a-mu-ri — No matter how, however much
- 완벽하게
- wan-byeok-ha-ge — Perfectly, flawlessly, in a complete manner
- 파악한다
- pa-ak-han-da — Grasps, understands thoroughly, comprehends fully
- 하더라도
- ha-deo-ra-do — Even if, regardless of doing something
- 그것은
- geu-geo-seun — That thing (topic marker), as for it
- 그에게
- geu-e-ge — To him, for that person
- 소수에
- so-su-e — To a small number, few in count
- 불과한
- bul-gwa-han — Merely, no more than, only amounting to
- 지인들에
- ji-in-deul-e — To acquaintances, regarding people one knows
- 관해서만
- gwan-hae-seo-man — Only regarding, only about, solely concerning
- 도움이 될 뿐이다
- do-um-i doel bbun-i-da — It is only useful, merely helpful
- 온 나라를
- on na-ra-reul — The whole country (object marker), entire nation
- 통치해야 하는
- tong-chi-hae-ya ha-neun — Must govern, required to rule a country
- 자는
- ja-neun — The one who, the person (topic marker)
- 자기 자신
- ja-gi ja-sin — Oneself, one's own self
- 안에서
- an-e-seo — Within, inside, from within oneself
- 이 사람 또는 저
- i sa-ram tto-neun jeo — This person or that, one or another
- 아니라
- a-ni-ra — Not, rather than, it is not
- 인류를
- in-nyu-reul — Humanity, all of mankind (object marker)
- 읽어야 한다
- il-geo-ya han-da — Must read, ought to understand people
- 이것은
- i-geo-seun — This (topic marker), as for this thing
- 행하기 어렵고
- haeng-ha-gi eo-ryeop-go — Difficult to do, hard to perform
- 언어나
- eon-eo-na — Language or, either language or something
- 학문을
- hang-mun-eul — Scholarship, academic knowledge (object marker)
- 배우는 것보다
- bae-u-neun geot-bo-da — Compared to learning, harder than studying
- 더 어렵지만
- deo eo-ryeop-ji-man — More difficult, but harder than that
- 내가
- nae-ga — I (subject marker), as for me
- 나
- na — I, me, first-person singular pronoun
- 독해를
- dok-hae-reul — Reading comprehension (object marker), act of reading
- 질서 있고
- jil-seo it-go — Orderly, organized, with proper structure
- 명료하게
- myeong-nyo-ha-ge — Clearly, lucidly, in a plain manner
- 남겨진
- nam-gyeo-jin — Remaining, left behind, what is left
- 수고는
- su-go-neun — Labor, effort, toil (topic marker attached)
- 그 안에서도
- geu a-ne-seo-do — Even within that, also inside it
- 같은 것을
- ga-teun geo-seul — The same thing (object marker), similar matter
- 발견하는지
- bal-gyeon-ha-neun-ji — Whether one discovers, if one finds
- 고찰하는
- go-chal-ha-neun — Examining, contemplating, reflecting carefully upon
- 종류의
- jong-nyu-eui — Type of, kind of, sort of
- 학설은
- hak-sseol-eun — Theory, doctrine (topic marker), scholarly claim
- 증명도
- jeung-myeong-do — Even proof, demonstration, verification
- 허용하지 않기
- heo-yong-ha-ji an-ki — Not permitting, refusing to allow something
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