Leviathan — Page 3
So that Sense in all cases, is nothing els but originall fancy, caused (as I have said) by the pressure, that is, by the motion, of externall things upon our Eyes, Eares, and other organs thereunto ordained.
따라서 모든 경우에 있어서 감각이란, 내가 말한 바와 같이, 외부 사물이 우리의 눈, 귀, 그리고 그를 위해 정해진 다른 기관들에 가하는 압력, 즉 운동에 의해 야기되는 본원적 상상에 불과하다.
But the Philosophy-schooles, through all the Universities of Christendome, grounded upon certain Texts of Aristotle, teach another doctrine; and say, For the cause of Vision, that the thing seen, sendeth forth on every side a Visible Species(in English) a Visible Shew, Apparition, or Aspect, or a Being Seen; the receiving whereof into the Eye, is Seeing.
그러나 기독교 세계의 모든 대학교에 걸쳐 있는 철학 학파들은 아리스토텔레스의 특정 텍스트에 근거하여 다른 교리를 가르치며, 시각의 원인에 관하여 이렇게 말한다. 즉, 보이는 사물이 사방으로 가시적 형상(영어로는 가시적 현시, 현현, 양상, 혹은 보여지는 존재)을 발산하며, 그것이 눈에 수용되는 것이 곧 봄(시각)이라고 한다.
And for the cause of Hearing, that the thing heard, sendeth forth an Audible Species, that is, an Audible Aspect, or Audible Being Seen; which entring at the Eare, maketh Hearing.
그리고 청각의 원인에 관하여는, 들리는 사물이 가청적 형상, 즉 가청적 양상 혹은 가청적으로 보여지는 존재를 발산하며, 그것이 귀에 들어옴으로써 청각이 이루어진다고 한다.
Nay for the cause of Understanding also, they say the thing Understood sendeth forth Intelligible Species, that is, an Intelligible Being Seen; which comming into the Understanding, makes us Understand.
나아가 이해의 원인에 관해서도, 그들은 이해되는 사물이 가지적 형상, 즉 가지적으로 보여지는 존재를 발산하며, 그것이 이해 속으로 들어옴으로써 우리가 이해하게 된다고 말한다.
I say not this, as disapproving the use of Universities: but because I am to speak hereafter of their office in a Common-wealth, I must let you see on all occasions by the way, what things would be amended in them; amongst which the frequency of insignificant Speech is one.
나는 이것을 대학교의 존재를 부정하는 것으로서 말하는 것이 아니다. 다만 나는 이후에 국가 안에서 그것들의 역할에 대해 논하게 될 것이므로, 기회가 닿는 대로 그 안에서 개선되어야 할 것들을 여러분께 보여주어야 하며, 그 가운데 무의미한 언사의 빈번한 사용이 그 하나이다.
Vocabulary
- 따라서
- ttaraseo — Therefore; consequently; as a result of this
- 모든
- modeun — All; every; each and every one
- 경우에
- gyeongu-e — In the case of; in situations involving
- 있어서
- isseo-seo — In regard to; in the context of; concerning
- 감각이란
- gamgag-iran — As for sensation; what is called sense perception
- 내가
- naega — I (subject marker); referring to oneself as subject
- 말한
- malhan — Said; spoken; stated previously
- 바와
- bawa — As with what; the matter that; as mentioned
- 같이
- gachi — Like; as; together with; in the same way
- 외부
- oebu — External; outside; the exterior world
- 사물이
- samul-i — Objects; things (subject); physical things in world
- 우리의
- uri-ui — Our; belonging to us
- 눈
- nun — Eye; the organ used for seeing
- 귀
- gwi — Ear; the organ used for hearing
- 그리고
- geurigo — And; also; in addition to that
- 그를
- geureul — Him; it (object marker); referring to that thing
- 위해
- wihae — For the sake of; in order to; for the purpose
- 정해진
- jeonghae-jin — Designated; fixed; predetermined; assigned for purpose
- 다른
- dareun — Other; different; another; distinct from this
- 기관들에
- gigwan-deul-e — To the organs; referring to bodily sense organs
- 가하는
- gahaneun — Applying; exerting; inflicting upon something
- 압력
- amnyeok — Pressure; force applied to a surface or body
- 즉
- jeuk — That is; namely; in other words
- 운동에
- undong-e — In motion; by movement; through physical movement
- 의해
- uihae — By means of; caused by; through the action of
- 야기되는
- yagi-doeneun — Caused by; brought about; induced by something
- 상상에
- sangsang-e — In imagination; in the faculty of imagining things
- 불과하다
- bulgwahada — Is merely; is nothing more than; is only
- 그러나
- geureona — However; but; nevertheless; on the other hand
- 기독교
- gidokgyo — Christianity; the Christian religion and faith
- 세계의
- segye-ui — Of the world; belonging to the global world
- 대학교에
- daehakgyo-e — At universities; in institutions of higher learning
- 걸쳐
- geolchyeo — Spanning; across; spread throughout a range
- 있는
- inneun — Existing; present; that which is there
- 철학
- cheolhak — Philosophy; the academic study of fundamental questions
- 학파들은
- hakpa-deul-eun — Schools of thought; philosophical factions (topic marker)
- 특정
- teukjeong — Specific; particular; a certain designated thing
- 텍스트에
- tekseутeu-e — In the text; based on a written document
- 근거하여
- geungeohayeo — Based on; grounded in; founded upon evidence
- 교리를
- gyori-reul — Doctrine (object); religious or philosophical teaching
- 가르치며
- gareuchimyeo — Teaching while; instructing and also doing something
- 시각의
- sigak-ui — Of vision; relating to the sense of sight
- 원인에
- wonin-e — Regarding the cause; concerning the origin or reason
- 관하여
- gwanhayeo — Concerning; regarding; with respect to a topic
- 이렇게
- ireoke — Like this; in this way; thus; in such a manner
- 말한다
- malhanda — Says; states; declares; expresses verbally
- 보이는
- boineun — Visible; that which can be seen
- 사방으로
- sabang-euro — In all directions; every which way; all around
- 형상
- hyeongsang — Form; shape; figure; visual appearance of something
- 영어로는
- yeongeo-roneun — As for in English; in the English language
- 양상
- yangsang — Aspect; mode; manner of appearance or condition
- 혹은
- hogeun — Or; alternatively; either one or another option
- 보여지는
- boyeojineun — Being shown; that which is made visible to others
- 존재
- jonjae — Existence; being; entity that exists in reality
- 을
- eul — Object marker particle attached to preceding noun
- 그것이
- geugeos-i — That thing (subject); it; referring to aforementioned object
- 눈에
- nun-e — In the eye; to the eye; received by the eye
- 것이
- geos-i — The thing that; the fact that (subject marker)
- 곧
- got — Immediately; soon; that is to say; namely
- 봄
- bom — Seeing; spring season; the act of looking
- 시각
- sigak — Vision; sight; the sense of seeing
- 이라고
- irago — Called; said to be; quoted as saying
- 한다
- handa — Does; says; acts; performs an action
- 청각의
- cheonggak-ui — Of hearing; relating to the auditory sense
- 관하여는
- gwanhayeo-neun — As for regarding; as for concerning a topic
- 들리는
- deullineun — Audible; that which can be heard by ears
- 존재를
- jonjae-reul — Existence (object marker); being as an object
- 귀에
- gwi-e — Into the ear; to the ear; received by ear
- 청각이
- cheonggak-i — Hearing (subject marker); the auditory sense as subject
- 이루어진다고
- irueojindago — Is said to be achieved; said to be accomplished
- 나아가
- naaga — Furthermore; going further; moreover; advancing beyond
- 이해의
- ihae-ui — Of understanding; relating to comprehension or intellect
- 관해서도
- gwanhaeseo-do — Also regarding; also concerning; even with respect to
- 그들은
- geudeul-eun — They (topic marker); those people being discussed
- 이해되는
- ihae-doeneun — Being understood; that which is comprehended intellectually
- 이해
- ihae — Understanding; comprehension; intellectual grasp of something
- 속으로
- sog-euro — Into; inward; going inside something or mind
- 우리가
- uri-ga — We (subject marker); us as the acting subject
- 이해하게
- ihaehage — To come to understand; to be led to comprehend
- 된다고
- doendago — Said to become; reportedly comes to be so
- 나는
- na-neun — I (topic marker); as for me; I myself
- 이것을
- igeot-eul — This (object marker); referring to this thing here
- 대학교의
- daehakgyo-ui — Of the university; belonging to higher education institutions
- 부정하는
- bujeongha-neun — Denying; negating; rejecting as false or invalid
- 것으로서
- geos-euro-seo — As something; in the capacity of; in the sense of
- 말하는
- malha-neun — Saying; speaking; the act of stating something
- 아니다
- anida — Is not; it is not the case; negation
- 다만
- daman — Only; merely; however; but just; simply
- 이후에
- ihu-e — After this; subsequently; at a later point in time
- 국가
- gukga — State; nation; country; the government entity
- 안에서
- an-eseo — Inside; within; from within a place or context
- 그것들의
- geugeos-deul-ui — Of those things; belonging to those aforementioned things
- 역할에
- yeokhal-e — Regarding the role; concerning the function of something
- 대해
- daehae — About; concerning; regarding a particular subject matter
- 논하게
- nonhage — To discuss; to be in a position to argue
- 될
- doel — Will become; future tense of becoming something
- 것이므로
- geos-imeuro — Because it will be; since it is the case
- 기회가
- gihoe-ga — Opportunity (subject); a chance that presents itself
- 닿는
- datneun — Reaching; touching; arriving at an opportunity
- 대로
- daero — As; according to; following the way of something
- 그
- geu — That; the; referring to a previously mentioned thing
- 개선되어야
- gaeseon-doeeoya — Must be improved; should be reformed or corrected
- 할
- hal — Will do; ought to do; future/obligation marker
- 것들을
- geotdeul-eul — Things (object marker); those multiple things to address
- 여러분께
- yeoreobun-kke — To all of you; addressed respectfully to audience
- 보여주어야
- boyeojueoya — Must show; ought to demonstrate to someone
- 하며
- hamyeo — While doing; and also; doing and simultaneously
- 가운데
- gaunde — Among; in the middle of; within a group
- 무의미한
- muuimihan — Meaningless; nonsensical; lacking sense or significance
- 빈번한
- binbeonhan — Frequent; recurring often; happening many times repeatedly
- 사용이
- sayong-i — Use (subject); the usage of something as subject
- 하나이다
- hana-ida — Is one; is one example; is a single instance
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