Leviathan — Page 2
And this Seeming, or Fancy, is that which men call sense; and consisteth, as to the Eye, in a Light, or Colour Figured; To the Eare, in a Sound; To the Nostrill, in an Odour; To the Tongue and Palat, in a Savour; and to the rest of the body, in Heat, Cold, Hardnesse, Softnesse, and such other qualities, as we discern by Feeling.
这种表象或幻觉，即是人们所称的感觉；就眼睛而言，它在于有形的光或颜色；就耳朵而言，在于声音；就鼻孔而言，在于气味；就舌头和上颚而言，在于滋味；就身体其余部分而言，则在于冷、热、硬、软以及其他我们通过触觉所辨别的性质。
All which qualities called Sensible, are in the object that causeth them, but so many several motions of the matter, by which it presseth our organs diversly.
所有这些被称为可感性质的东西，在引起它们的客体中，不过是物质的种种不同运动，通过这些运动，物质以各种方式压迫我们的感官。
Neither in us that are pressed, are they anything els, but divers motions; (for motion, produceth nothing but motion.)
在我们这些被压迫者之中，它们也不过是各种运动；（因为运动所产生的不过是运动。）
But their apparence to us is Fancy, the same waking, that dreaming.
然而它们呈现于我们的，乃是幻觉，清醒时与梦中并无二致。
And as pressing, rubbing, or striking the Eye, makes us fancy a light; and pressing the Eare, produceth a dinne; so do the bodies also we see, or hear, produce the same by their strong, though unobserved action,
就如同按压、摩擦或撞击眼睛，会使我们产生光的幻觉；按压耳朵，会产生嗡鸣声；同样，我们所见所闻的物体，也通过其强烈却未被察觉的作用，产生同样的效果，
For if those Colours, and Sounds, were in the Bodies, or Objects that cause them, they could not bee severed from them, as by glasses, and in Ecchoes by reflection, wee see they are; where we know the thing we see, is in one place; the apparence, in another.
因为若那些颜色和声音真的存在于引起它们的物体或客体之中，它们便不能与物体分离，然而我们看到，通过镜子以及回声中的反射，它们确实被分离了；我们知道所见之物在一处，而其表象却在另一处。
And though at some certain distance, the reall, and very object seem invested with the fancy it begets in us; Yet still the object is one thing, the image or fancy is another.
尽管在某一特定距离上，真实的客体本身似乎被它在我们心中所激起的幻觉所笼罩；然而客体终究是一回事，意象或幻觉则是另一回事。
Vocabulary
- 这种
- zhè zhǒng — This kind of; this type of thing
- 表象
- biǎo xiàng — Appearance; superficial image or representation
- 或
- huò — Or; alternatively
- 幻觉
- huàn jué — Illusion; hallucination; false perception
- 即是
- jí shì — That is; namely; is exactly
- 人们
- rén men — People; people in general
- 所称
- suǒ chēng — What is called; referred to as
- 的
- de — Structural particle indicating possession or modification
- 感觉
- gǎn jué — Sensation; feeling; sense perception
- 就
- jiù — Regarding; with respect to; then
- 眼睛
- yǎn jing — Eyes; the organ of sight
- 而言
- ér yán — In terms of; as far as concerned
- 它
- tā — It; third-person singular for objects
- 在于
- zài yú — Lies in; consists of; depends on
- 有形
- yǒu xíng — Tangible; having physical form or shape
- 光
- guāng — Light; brightness; ray of light
- 颜色
- yán sè — Color; hue; visual appearance of things
- 耳朵
- ěr duo — Ear; organ of hearing
- 声音
- shēng yīn — Sound; voice; auditory sensation
- 鼻孔
- bí kǒng — Nostril; opening of the nose
- 气味
- qì wèi — Smell; odor; scent
- 舌头
- shé tou — Tongue; organ of taste and speech
- 和
- hé — And; together with
- 上颚
- shàng è — Upper palate; roof of the mouth
- 滋味
- zī wèi — Taste; flavor; sensation of taste
- 身体
- shēn tǐ — Body; physical form of a person
- 其余
- qí yú — The rest; the remainder; other parts
- 部分
- bù fen — Part; portion; section
- 则
- zé — Then; in that case; on the other hand
- 冷
- lěng — Cold; low temperature sensation
- 热
- rè — Hot; high temperature sensation
- 硬
- yìng — Hard; firm; rigid to the touch
- 软
- ruǎn — Soft; yielding; not firm
- 以及
- yǐ jí — As well as; and also; together with
- 其他
- qí tā — Other; else; remaining ones
- 我们
- wǒ men — We; us; first-person plural pronoun
- 通过
- tōng guò — Through; by means of; via
- 触觉
- chù jué — Touch; sense of tactile perception
- 所
- suǒ — Particle before verbs indicating passive or nominalization
- 辨别
- biàn bié — Distinguish; differentiate; discriminate between things
- 性质
- xìng zhì — Quality; property; nature of something
- 所有
- suǒ yǒu — All; every; everything that exists
- 这些
- zhè xiē — These; referring to nearby plural things
- 被称为
- bèi chēng wéi — Are called; are referred to as
- 可感
- kě gǎn — Perceptible; capable of being sensed
- 东西
- dōng xi — Thing; object; stuff
- 在
- zài — In; at; exist at a location
- 引起
- yǐn qǐ — Cause; trigger; give rise to
- 它们
- tā men — They; them; third-person plural for objects
- 客体
- kè tǐ — Object; external entity acted upon
- 中
- zhōng — In; inside; within
- 不过
- bù guò — However; merely; only; but
- 是
- shì — Is; are; to be
- 物质
- wù zhì — Matter; material; physical substance
- 种种
- zhǒng zhǒng — Various; all kinds of; diverse
- 不同
- bù tóng — Different; distinct; not the same
- 运动
- yùn dòng — Motion; movement; physical activity
- 以
- yǐ — By means of; using; with
- 各种
- gè zhǒng — Various kinds; all sorts of
- 方式
- fāng shì — Method; manner; way of doing
- 压迫
- yā pò — Press against; oppress; exert pressure on
- 感官
- gǎn guān — Sense organ; sensory organ of perception
- 被
- bèi — Passive marker; by; suffered by subject
- 者
- zhě — Suffix indicating person or thing involved
- 之中
- zhī zhōng — Within; among; in the midst of
- 也
- yě — Also; too; as well
- 因为
- yīn wèi — Because; due to; for the reason that
- 产生
- chǎn shēng — Produce; generate; come into being
- 然而
- rán ér — However; nevertheless; yet; but
- 呈现
- chéng xiàn — Present; appear; manifest; show itself
- 于
- yú — In; at; to; from; classical preposition
- 乃是
- nǎi shì — Is precisely; is exactly; namely is
- 清醒
- qīng xǐng — Awake; clear-headed; conscious and alert
- 时
- shí — Time; when; at the time of
- 与
- yǔ — And; with; together with
- 梦中
- mèng zhōng — In a dream; while dreaming
- 并无
- bìng wú — There is absolutely no; without any difference
- 二致
- èr zhì — Difference; discrepancy; two distinct variations
- 如同
- rú tóng — Just as; similar to; like
- 按压
- àn yā — Press down; apply pressure with fingers
- 摩擦
- mó cā — Friction; rub; rubbing against a surface
- 撞击
- zhuàng jī — Strike; collide with; impact forcefully
- 会
- huì — Will; can; be able to
- 使
- shǐ — Cause; make; enable someone to do
- 嗡鸣声
- wēng míng shēng — Buzzing sound; humming noise
- 同样
- tóng yàng — Similarly; likewise; in the same way
- 所见
- suǒ jiàn — What is seen; that which is perceived visually
- 所闻
- suǒ wén — What is heard; that which is perceived audibly
- 物体
- wù tǐ — Object; physical body; material thing
- 其
- qí — Its; their; that; classical possessive pronoun
- 强烈
- qiáng liè — Strong; intense; powerful; forceful
- 却
- què — Yet; but; however; on the contrary
- 未被
- wèi bèi — Not yet perceived; has not been noticed
- 察觉
- chá jué — Notice; perceive; become aware of
- 作用
- zuò yòng — Effect; function; role; influence
- 效果
- xiào guǒ — Effect; result; outcome; consequence
- 若
- ruò — If; supposing; in the event that
- 那些
- nà xiē — Those; referring to distant plural things
- 真的
- zhēn de — Really; truly; genuinely existing
- 存在
- cún zài — Exist; be present; existence
- 便
- biàn — Then; consequently; as a result
- 不能
- bù néng — Cannot; unable to; not possible
- 分离
- fēn lí — Separate; detach; become apart from
- 看到
- kàn dào — See; catch sight of; perceive visually
- 镜子
- jìng zi — Mirror; reflective surface for seeing oneself
- 回声
- huí shēng — Echo; reflected sound returning to source
- 反射
- fǎn shè — Reflect; reflection; reflex response
- 确实
- què shí — Indeed; certainly; truly; in fact
- 了
- le — Particle indicating completion or change of state
- 知道
- zhī dào — Know; be aware of; understand
- 之物
- zhī wù — Thing of; that which belongs to something
- 一处
- yī chù — One place; a certain location
- 而
- ér — And; but; yet; classical connective particle
- 另一处
- lìng yī chù — Another place; a different location
- 尽管
- jǐn guǎn — Even though; despite; although
- 某一
- mǒu yī — A certain; some particular one
- 特定
- tè dìng — Specific; particular; designated
- 距离
- jù lí — Distance; gap; spatial separation between things
- 上
- shàng — On; above; upon; at a surface
- 真实
- zhēn shí — Real; true; genuine; authentic
- 本身
- běn shēn — Itself; in itself; by its own nature
- 似乎
- sì hū — Seem; appear; as if; apparently
- 心中
- xīn zhōng — In the mind; in one's heart
- 激起
- jī qǐ — Arouse; stir up; evoke a response
- 笼罩
- lǒng zhào — Envelop; shroud; cover over completely
- 终究
- zhōng jiū — After all; in the end; ultimately
- 一
- yī — One; a single; the number one
- 回事
- huí shì — Matter; affair; thing; one and the same
- 意象
- yì xiàng — Image; mental image; imaginative representation
- 则是
- zé shì — Is rather; on the other hand is
- 另一
- lìng yī — Another; a different one; the other
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