Leviathan — Page 3
So that Sense in all cases, is nothing els but originall fancy, caused (as I have said) by the pressure, that is, by the motion, of externall things upon our Eyes, Eares, and other organs thereunto ordained.
因此，感觉在所有情况下，不过是原始的幻觉，如我所说，由外部事物对我们的眼睛、耳朵以及其他为此目的而设的器官施加的压力，即运动所引起的。
But the Philosophy-schooles, through all the Universities of Christendome, grounded upon certain Texts of Aristotle, teach another doctrine; and say, For the cause of Vision, that the thing seen, sendeth forth on every side a Visible Species(in English) a Visible Shew, Apparition, or Aspect, or a Being Seen; the receiving whereof into the Eye, is Seeing.
然而，遍布整个基督教世界各大学的哲学学院，以亚里士多德的某些文本为据，传授另一种学说；他们说，关于视觉的原因，被看见的事物向四面八方发出一种可见的种相（用英语说）即一种可见的显现、幻象、外观，或一种被看见的存在；眼睛接收这种种相，便是看见。
And for the cause of Hearing, that the thing heard, sendeth forth an Audible Species, that is, an Audible Aspect, or Audible Being Seen; which entring at the Eare, maketh Hearing.
至于听觉的原因，他们说被听见的事物发出一种可听的种相，即一种可听的外观，或可听的被看见的存在；这种种相进入耳朵，便产生听觉。
Nay for the cause of Understanding also, they say the thing Understood sendeth forth Intelligible Species, that is, an Intelligible Being Seen; which comming into the Understanding, makes us Understand.
更有甚者，关于理解的原因，他们还说被理解的事物发出一种可理解的种相，即一种可理解的被看见的存在；这种种相进入理解之中，使我们得以理解。
I say not this, as disapproving the use of Universities: but because I am to speak hereafter of their office in a Common-wealth, I must let you see on all occasions by the way, what things would be amended in them; amongst which the frequency of insignificant Speech is one.
我说这些，并非反对大学的用途：而是因为我此后要谈及它们在国家中的职责，所以我必须随时借机让你们看到其中哪些地方有待改进；其中，无意义言辞的泛滥便是其一。
Vocabulary
- 因此
- yīncǐ — therefore; as a result of this
- 感觉
- gǎnjué — to feel; a feeling or sensation
- 在
- zài — at; in; located at a place
- 所有
- suǒyǒu — all; every; everything belonging to someone
- 情况
- qíngkuàng — situation; circumstances; condition or state
- 下
- xià — under; below; beneath a condition
- 不过
- búguò — however; but; merely; only
- 是
- shì — to be; is; am; are
- 原始
- yuánshǐ — original; primitive; primordial; earliest form
- 的
- de — structural particle indicating possession or modification
- 幻觉
- huànjué — illusion; hallucination; false perception
- 如
- rú — as; like; such as; as stated
- 我
- wǒ — I; me; first-person singular pronoun
- 所说
- suǒ shuō — what is said; as mentioned above
- 由
- yóu — by; from; due to; caused by
- 外部
- wàibù — external; outside; exterior part of something
- 事物
- shìwù — things; objects; matters in the world
- 对
- duì — toward; to; directed at something
- 我们
- wǒmen — we; us; first-person plural pronoun
- 眼睛
- yǎnjing — eyes; the organs used for seeing
- 耳朵
- ěrduo — ears; organs used for hearing
- 以及
- yǐjí — as well as; and; along with
- 其他
- qítā — other; the rest; other things or people
- 为此
- wèicǐ — for this purpose; to this end
- 目的
- mùdì — purpose; goal; objective; aim
- 而
- ér — and; but; yet; connective particle
- 设
- shè — to set up; to establish; to design
- 器官
- qìguān — organ; bodily organ with specific function
- 施加
- shījiā — to exert; to apply force or pressure
- 压力
- yālì — pressure; stress; force applied to something
- 即
- jí — namely; that is; i.e.; immediately
- 运动
- yùndòng — motion; movement; physical exercise or activity
- 所
- suǒ — particle used before verbs indicating passive or nominal structure
- 引起
- yǐnqǐ — to cause; to give rise to; to trigger
- 然而
- rán'ér — however; nevertheless; yet; nonetheless
- 遍布
- biànbù — spread throughout; distributed all over an area
- 整个
- zhěnggè — entire; whole; the complete thing
- 基督教
- Jīdūjiào — Christianity; the Christian religion
- 世界
- shìjiè — world; the entire globe or universe
- 各大学
- gè dàxué — various universities; each university
- 哲学
- zhéxué — philosophy; the study of fundamental questions
- 学院
- xuéyuàn — college; institute; faculty within a university
- 以
- yǐ — using; with; by means of
- 某些
- mǒuxiē — certain; some; particular unspecified ones
- 文本
- wénběn — text; written document or manuscript
- 传授
- chuánshòu — to teach; to impart knowledge or skills
- 另一种
- lìng yī zhǒng — another kind; a different type or sort
- 学说
- xuéshuō — theory; doctrine; academic theory or teaching
- 他们
- tāmen — they; them; third-person plural pronoun
- 说
- shuō — to say; to speak; to tell
- 关于
- guānyú — regarding; concerning; about a topic
- 视觉
- shìjué — vision; sight; the sense of seeing
- 原因
- yuányīn — reason; cause; the factor behind something
- 被
- bèi — passive marker; by; indicates action done to subject
- 看见
- kànjiàn — to see; to catch sight of something
- 向
- xiàng — toward; in the direction of
- 四面八方
- sìmiàn bāfāng — in all directions; everywhere around
- 发出
- fāchū — to emit; to send out; to give off
- 一种
- yī zhǒng — a kind of; one type of something
- 可见
- kějiàn — visible; can be seen; evidently
- 用
- yòng — to use; using; by means of
- 英语
- Yīngyǔ — English language
- 显现
- xiǎnxiàn — to appear; to manifest; to become visible
- 幻象
- huànxiàng — phantom; vision; illusory image or apparition
- 外观
- wàiguān — appearance; outward look; external form
- 或
- huò — or; either; alternatively
- 存在
- cúnzài — to exist; existence; being present
- 接收
- jiēshōu — to receive; to accept; to take in
- 这种
- zhè zhǒng — this kind; this type of thing
- 便是
- biàn shì — is exactly; that is; precisely is
- 至于
- zhìyú — as for; regarding; as to something
- 听觉
- tīngjué — hearing; the sense of hearing
- 听见
- tīngjiàn — to hear; to catch a sound
- 进入
- jìnrù — to enter; to go into; to access
- 便
- biàn — then; thereupon; as soon as
- 产生
- chǎnshēng — to produce; to generate; to give rise to
- 更有甚者
- gèng yǒu shèn zhě — what is more; even more extreme than that
- 理解
- lǐjiě — to understand; comprehension; understanding
- 还
- hái — still; also; in addition; yet
- 之中
- zhī zhōng — within; in the middle of; among
- 使
- shǐ — to cause; to make; to enable
- 得以
- déyǐ — to be able to; so as to achieve
- 这些
- zhèxiē — these; referring to multiple nearby things
- 并非
- bìngfēi — not at all; is definitely not
- 反对
- fǎnduì — to oppose; against; objection to something
- 大学
- dàxué — university; institution of higher education
- 用途
- yòngtú — use; application; purpose of something
- 而是
- ér shì — but rather; instead it is
- 因为
- yīnwèi — because; due to; the reason being
- 此后
- cǐhòu — after this; hereafter; from now on
- 要
- yào — to want; must; will; going to
- 谈及
- tánjí — to mention; to touch upon; to discuss
- 它们
- tāmen — they; them; referring to non-human things
- 国家
- guójiā — country; nation; state
- 中
- zhōng — in; among; within; middle
- 职责
- zhízé — duty; responsibility; obligation of a role
- 所以
- suǒyǐ — therefore; so; that is why
- 必须
- bìxū — must; have to; it is necessary
- 随时
- suíshí — at any time; whenever; at all times
- 借机
- jiè jī — to seize the opportunity; to take advantage
- 让
- ràng — to let; to allow; to make someone do
- 你们
- nǐmen — you all; second-person plural pronoun
- 看到
- kàndào — to see; to notice; to catch sight of
- 其中
- qízhōng — among them; within that; therein
- 哪些
- nǎxiē — which ones; what particular things
- 地方
- dìfang — place; area; part; aspect of something
- 有待
- yǒudài — yet to be; awaiting; needing to be done
- 改进
- gǎijìn — to improve; to make better; improvement
- 无意义
- wú yìyì — meaningless; without significance or purpose
- 言辞
- yáncí — words; expressions; manner of speaking
- 泛滥
- fànlàn — to overflow; to run rampant; widespread excess
- 其一
- qí yī — one of them; first among several things
Unlock audio playback, vocabulary games, and reading progress tracking.
Create free account →