McGuffey's First Eclectic Reader, Revised Edition — Page 8

Vocabulary

そして

soshite — And then; connecting two clauses or ideas

は

wa — Topic marker particle indicating the sentence topic

土手

dote — Embankment or riverbank raised earthen mound

に

ni — Particle indicating location, direction, or time

立っ

tatte (root: tatsu) — To stand; be in an upright position

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential actions

アヒル

ahiru — Duck; a common domesticated waterfowl

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating the direct object

見

mi (root: miru) — To see or watch something

い

i (root: iru) — Auxiliary verb indicating ongoing state or action

ます

masu — Polite verb ending for present or future tense

背中

senaka — Back; the rear part of the body

黒い

kuroi — Black; describing something dark in color

斑点

hanten — Spot or speckle; a small distinct mark

の

no — Possessive or descriptive linking particle

ある

aru — To exist; to have (for inanimate things)

犬

inu — Dog; a common domesticated canine animal

が

ga — Subject marker particle emphasizing the subject

と

to — With; together with someone or something

一緒

issho — Together; in the same place or company

ください

kudasai — Please give or do; polite request expression

手

te — Hand; the body part at the end of the arm

帽子

boshi — Hat or cap worn on the head

持っ

motte (root: motsu) — To hold or carry something in one's hand

彼

kare — He; third-person masculine singular pronoun

大きな

ookina — Big or large; describing something of great size

コマ

koma — Spinning top; a toy that spins on its tip

箱

hako — Box or container used for storing things

上

ue — Top or above; a position higher than something

置い

oite (root: oku) — To place or put something somewhere

き

ki (part of kimashita) — Past tense auxiliary verb stem (polite form)

まし

mashi (part of mashita) — Polite past tense auxiliary verb component

た

ta — Past tense ending indicating completed action

人形

ningyou — Doll; a small figure resembling a person

岩

iwa — Rock or boulder; a large hard stone

あり

ari (root: aru) — Exists or there is (inanimate subject)

ペット

petto — Pet; a domesticated animal kept for companionship

籠

kago — Basket or cage; a woven or enclosed container

入れ

ire (root: ireru) — To put in or insert something into a container

それ

sore — That; referring to something near the listener

甘い

amai — Sweet; describing a pleasant sugary taste or disposition

歌

uta — Song; a musical vocal composition

歌う

utau — To sing; to produce musical vocal sounds

でしょう

deshou — Probably; expressing conjecture or soft assertion

下

shita — Below or under; a position lower than something

巣

su — Nest; a shelter built by birds or animals

作っ

tsukutte (root: tsukuru) — To make or build something

今

ima — Now; the present moment in time

暑く

atsuku (root: atsui) — Hot; describing uncomfortably high temperature (weather/air)

ませ

mase — Polite imperative or negative verb auxiliary component

ん

n — Negative contraction; informal form of nai or no

で

de — Particle indicating means, location of action, or cause

走っ

hashitte (root: hashiru) — To run; to move quickly on foot

たり

tari — Listing particle for alternating or representative actions

スキップ

sukippu — Skip; a light bounding movement alternating feet

し

shi — Verb stem connector used to list actions

跳ん

tonde (root: tobu) — To jump or leap into the air

だり

dari — Variant of たり listing representative alternating actions

ましょ

masho (root: mashou) — Let's do; volitional polite verb ending suggesting action

う

u — Volitional suffix expressing intention or invitation

楽しい

tanoshii — Fun or enjoyable; describing a pleasurable experience

思い

omoi (root: omou) — Thought or feeling; to think or feel something

か

ka — Question particle placed at end of a sentence

キツネ

kitsune — Fox; a wild canine known for cunning behavior

狩る

karu — To hunt; to pursue and catch animals

なくし

nakushi (root: nakusu) — To lose something; to cause something to disappear

閉め

shime (root: shimeru) — To close or shut a door, window, etc.

私

watashi — I or me; first-person singular pronoun

階段

kaidan — Stairs or staircase; steps connecting different levels

会い

ai (root: au) — To meet or encounter someone

泥

doro — Mud; wet soft earth mixed with water

中

naka — Inside or middle; the interior of something

飛び込み

tobikomi (root: tobikomu) — To dive or jump into something, like water

ナッツ

nattsu — Nuts; edible seeds with hard outer shells

その

sono — That (near listener); demonstrative adjective modifying a noun

男性

dansei — Man or male; referring to an adult male person

まあ

maa — Well or oh my; expression of mild surprise or resignation

年老い

toshioi (root: toshioiru) — To grow old; aged or elderly in years

牛

ushi — Cow or cattle; a large domesticated bovine animal

池

ike — Pond; a small still body of fresh water

水

mizu — Water; a clear liquid essential for life

飲ん

nonde (root: nomu) — To drink; to consume a liquid

いる

iru — To be or exist (for animate subjects)

草

kusa — Grass or weed; low green ground-covering plant

食べ

tabe (root: taberu) — To eat; to consume food

出

de (root: deru) — To come out or exit from a place

ない

nai — Negative ending; indicating something does not exist or occur

いいえ

iie — No; a polite negative response or denial

彼女

kanojo — She or her; third-person feminine singular pronoun

好き

suki — Like or fond of; expressing preference or affection

な

na — Adjectival noun connector or sentence-final emphasis particle

です

desu — Polite copula meaning 'is' or 'am' or 'are'

いかに

ikani — How; in what manner (formal or literary usage)

じっと

jitto — Staying still; motionlessly fixed without moving