McGuffey's Second Eclectic Reader — Page 35

Vocabulary

は

wa — Topic marker particle indicating the subject.

その

sono — That; referring to something previously mentioned.

中

naka — Inside, middle, among a group.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns.

一つ

hitotsu — One; the number one for counting objects.

上

ue — Above, on top of something.

に

ni — Direction, location, or purpose particle.

飛び乗り

tobinori — Jumping onto something, leaping aboard.

川

kawa — River, stream of flowing water.

向こう岸

mukōgishi — The opposite bank or far shore of a river.

まで

made — Until, up to, as far as.

石

ishi — Stone, rock.

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating direct object.

投げ

nage — Throwing something; to throw.

られる

rareru — Passive or potential form suffix; can do or is done.

か

ka — Question particle placed at end of sentence.

どうか

dō ka — Whether or not; please (used in requests).

試し

tameshi — A test or trial; attempting something.

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting verb phrases.

み

mi — Try doing (from みる); to attempt an action.

まし

mashi — Polite past verb auxiliary stem (from ました).

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb ending.

彼

kare — He, him; third-person masculine pronoun.

腕

ude — Arm; also refers to skill or ability.

引い

hii — Pulled back; past stem of 引く (to pull).

力いっぱい

chikara ippai — With all one's strength, as hard as possible.

が

ga — Subject marker particle; also expresses contrast.

手

te — Hand; also used to mean help or means.

離れ

hanare — Separated, let go of; stem of 離れる.

瞬間

shunkan — The instant, the very moment something happens.

丸太

maruta — Log, a cut piece of timber or wood.

回転

kaiten — Rotation, spinning around on an axis.

し

shi — Conjunctive verb form; and, also (listing reasons).

水

mizu — Water; liquid essential for life.

落ち

ochi — Fell, dropped; stem of 落ちる (to fall).

しまい

shimai — Ended up doing (regrettable result); stem of しまう.

とても

totemo — Very, extremely; used to intensify adjectives.

恐ろしく

osoroshiku — Terribly, frightfully; adverb form of 恐ろしい.

なり

nari — Became; conjunctive stem of なる (to become).

なぜなら

nazenara — Because, the reason being; introduces explanation.

泳ぎ方

oyogikata — How to swim; the method of swimming.

知ら

shira — Do not know; negative stem of 知る (to know).

ず

zu — Negative verb ending meaning without doing.

声

koe — Voice; sound produced by a person or animal.

限り

kagiri — Limit, as far as possible, to the utmost.

助け

tasuke — Help, rescue, aid someone in need.

呼ん

yon — Called out to; conjunctive stem of 呼ぶ (to call).

で

de — At, by, using; particle indicating means or location.

も

mo — Also, even, too; inclusive particle.

聞い

kii — Heard, listened; conjunctive stem of 聞く.

くれる

kureru — To give (to me); to do a favor for the speaker.

人

hito — Person, human being.

誰

dare — Who; interrogative pronoun for a person.

い

i — Exist (for animate beings); stem of いる.

なかっ

nakatt — Was not; past negative stem of ない.

から

kara — Because, from; indicates reason or starting point.

です

desu — Polite copula meaning 'is' or 'it is.'

かわいそう

kawaisō — Pitiful, poor thing, deserving of sympathy.

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns.

苦し

kurushi — Suffering, in pain; stem of 苦しい (painful).

そう

sō — Looks like, seems; hearsay or appearance marker.

大きな

ōkina — Large, big; attributive form of 大きい.

鳴き声

nakigoe — Animal's cry, bark, or call sound.

あげ

age — Gave, raised, let out; stem of あげる.

もし

moshi — If, supposing that; introduces a conditional clause.

だっ

datt — Was; past stem of だ (copula).

なら

nara — If it were; conditional particle for hypotheticals.

飛び込ん

tobikon — Jumped in, dove in; conjunctive stem of 飛び込む.

主人

shujin — Master, owner, husband (one's own).

助け出せ

tasukedase — Could have rescued, pulled to safety.

こと

koto — Thing, fact, nominalized event or action.

でしょ

desho — Probably, right? Seeking confirmation politely.

う

u — Volitional suffix meaning let's or will probably.

二

ni — Two; the number 2.

三度

sando — Three times; occurring on three occasions.

岸

kishi — Shore, bank of a river or lake.

行っ

itt — Went; conjunctive past stem of 行く (to go).

たり

tari — Doing things like; lists alternating or repeated actions.

来

ki — Come; stem of 来る (to come).

ながら

nagara — While doing; indicates simultaneous actions.

吠え

hoe — Barked; stem of 吠える (dog to bark).

最初

saisho — First, at the beginning, initially.

見

mi — Saw, looked; stem of 見る (to see).

それから

sorekara — After that, then, and then next.

周り

mawari — Surroundings, area around something.

見回し

mawashi — Looked around, glanced about; stem of 見回す.

それ

sore — That; demonstrative pronoun for nearby object.

できる

dekiru — Can do, is possible, is able to.

速く

hayaku — Quickly, fast; adverb form of 速い.

走っ

hashitt — Ran; conjunctive past stem of 走る (to run).

通り

tōri — Street, road; also means in that manner.

駆け上がり

kakeagari — Ran up, rushed upward along a path.

店

mise — Shop, store where goods are sold.

へ

e — Direction particle meaning toward, to a destination.

向かい

mukai — Heading toward, facing; stem of 向かう.

そこ

soko — There, that place near the listener.

着く

tsuku — Arrive, reach a destination.

と

to — When, upon doing; also quotation or listing particle.

ドア

doa — Door; entrance to a room or building.

閉まっ

shimatt — Was closed; conjunctive past stem of 閉まる.

ひっかき

hikkaki — Scratching; stem of ひっかく (to scratch).

大きく

ōkiku — Loudly, largely; adverb form of 大きい.

続け

tsuzuke — Continued doing; stem of 続ける (to continue).

ついに

tsuini — Finally, at last, after a long time.

誰か

dareka — Someone, somebody; an unspecified person.

出

de — Came out; stem of 出る (to come out).

き

ki — Came; stem of 来る used in compounds.

開け

ake — Opened; stem of 開ける (to open something).

氏

shi — Mr., Ms.; honorific title after a surname.

服

fuku — Clothes, clothing, garment.

つかみ

tsukami — Grabbed, seized; stem of つかむ (to grab).

走り

hashiri — Running; stem of 走る (to run).

また

mata — Again, also; indicates repetition or addition.

戻り

modori — Returned, went back; stem of 戻る.

飛びつき

tobitsuki — Leaped at, jumped onto; stem of 飛びつく.

跳び上がり

tobiagari — Jumped up, leaped upward; stem of 跳び上がる.

友人

yūjin — Friend, a close acquaintance.

言い

ii — Said, told; stem of 言う (to say).

何か

nanika — Something; refers to an unspecified thing.

おかしい

okashii — Strange, funny, something is wrong here.

ある

aru — There is, exists (for inanimate things).

違いない

chigainai — No doubt, certainly must be the case.

帽子

bōshi — Hat, cap worn on the head.

かぶっ

kabut — Wearing (a hat); conjunctive stem of かぶる.

犬

inu — Dog; common domesticated animal.

一緒

issho — Together, at the same time with someone.

たら

tara — If, when; conditional form indicating a condition.

いい

ii — Good, fine; expressing approval or sufficiency.

取る

toru — To take, grab, pick up something.

向かっ

mukatt — Headed toward; conjunctive past stem of 向かう.

走り出し

hashiridashi — Started running, broke into a run.