McGuffey's Second Eclectic Reader — Page 50

Vocabulary

クモ

kumo — Spider; small eight-legged arachnid creature

が

ga — Subject marker particle in Japanese grammar

座っ

suwat(te) — Sat; past/conjunctive form of 'to sit'

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting verb phrases

糸

ito — Thread, yarn, or silk filament

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating direct object

紡ぐ

tsumugu — To spin thread or weave fibers together

の

no — Possessive/nominalizing particle; 'of' or 'one who'

見る

miru — To see, look at, or observe something

と

to — Particle meaning 'when,' 'and,' or quotation marker

銀色

gin'iro — Silver color; shiny metallic grey hue

壁

kabe — Wall; vertical surface of a room or building

に

ni — Particle indicating location, direction, or target

閉じ込め

tojicome — Confined, trapped, or shut inside somewhere

られ

rare — Passive voice auxiliary; indicates action done to subject

あなた

anata — You; second-person singular pronoun in Japanese

は

wa — Topic marker particle highlighting sentence subject

決し

kesshi(te) — Never; certainly not (used with negative)

想像

sōzō — Imagination; act of picturing something mentally

でき

deki — Can do; able to; potential form of 'to do'

ない

nai — Negative auxiliary; not, does not exist

でしょ

desho — Probably; expressing conjecture or soft assertion

う

u — Volitional ending; 'let's' or probability marker

彼女

kanojo — She, her; third-person feminine pronoun

食事

shokuji — Meal; the act of eating food

手

te — Hand; the body part at end of arm

入れる

ireru — To put in, insert, or place inside

方法

hōhō — Method, way, or means of doing something

第

dai — Ordinal prefix meaning 'number' or 'the Nth'

五十

gojū — Fifty; the number 50

課

ka — Lesson or chapter in a textbook

話し

hanashi — Story, talk, or the act of speaking

素晴らしい

subarashii — Wonderful, magnificent, or splendid; highly admirable

話し手

hanashite — Speaker; person who tells stories or speaks

でし

deshi — Past polite copula stem; polite 'was/were'

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb ending

ある

aru — To exist, be, or have (inanimate things)

日

hi / nichi — Day; a single calendar day or the sun

彼

kare — He, him; third-person masculine pronoun

学校

gakkō — School; educational institution for students

そば

soba — Nearby, beside; in the vicinity of something

通りかかる

tōrikakaru — To happen to pass by a place

子供

kodomo — Child or children; young person

たち

tachi — Plural suffix indicating group of people

周り

mawari — Surroundings, around; encircling area nearby

集まり

atsumari — Gathering; group of people coming together

まし

mashi — Polite past tense auxiliary verb stem

彼ら

karera — They, them; third-person plural pronoun

言い

ii — Said; conjunctive form of 'to say'

私

watashi — I, me; first-person singular pronoun

聞い

kiī — Heard/asked; conjunctive form of 'to listen'

こと

koto — Thing, matter, fact; nominalizer for actions

話

hanashi — Story, tale, or topic of conversation

聞かせ

kikase — Tell me; causative of 'to make someone hear'

ください

kudasai — Please give or do; polite request expression

男の子

otoko no ko — Boy; a male child or young male person

犬

inu — Dog; common domesticated canine animal

について

ni tsuite — About, concerning, regarding a particular topic

そう

sō — So, that way; indicating agreement or similarity

です

desu — Polite copula; 'is,' 'am,' or 'are'

ね

ne — Sentence-ending particle seeking agreement or confirmation

良い

yoi / ii — Good, fine, or nice; positive quality adjective

喜ばせる

yorokobaseru — To make someone happy or pleased

大好き

daisuki — Love very much; to like something greatly

そし

soshi(te) — And then; connecting events sequentially

皆さん

minasan — Everyone, ladies and gentlemen; addressing a group

礼儀正しい

reigi tadashii — Polite, well-mannered, courteous in behavior

よう

yō — Seems like; resemblance or manner/appearance

な

na — Adjectival linking particle; 'na-adjective' connector

で

de — Particle indicating means, location of action, or 'at'

新しい

atarashii — New, fresh, or recent; not old

し

shi — Conjunction listing reasons; 'and also,' 'moreover'

ましょ

mashō — Let's; volitional polite form suggesting joint action

頼ん

tanon(de) — Asked, requested; conjunctive form of 'to request'

だ

da — Plain form copula; informal 'is' or 'are'

何匹

nanbiki — How many (small animals); counter for animals

か

ka — Question particle; also means 'some' or 'or'

ます

masu — Polite present/future tense verb ending

でも

demo — But, however; contrasting conjunction

始める

hajimeru — To begin, start, or commence something

前

mae — Before, in front of, previous; temporal or spatial

涼しく

suzushiku — Coolly; adverbial form of 'cool' temperature

日陰

hikage — Shade; area shielded from direct sunlight

場所

basho — Place, location, or spot; a specific area

座り

suwari — Sitting; stem form of 'to sit down'

さて

sate — Well then, now; transitional discourse marker

小さな

chiisana — Small, little, tiny; prenominal adjective form

ネズミ

nezumi — Mouse or rat; small rodent animal

じっと

jitto — Motionlessly, quietly, still; without moving

い

i — Verb stem 'to be/exist' (animate); continuative form

なけれ

nakere — Must; conditional negative form requiring obligation

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'when'

なり

nari — Becoming; stem of 'to become' (なる)

ませ

mase — Polite imperative ending; formal request form

ん

n — Explanatory nominalizer; also polite negative ending

吠え

hoe — Barked; stem/conjunctive form of 'to bark'

たり

tari — Listing actions alternately; 'doing things like…'

騒い

sawai — Made noise; conjunctive form of 'to be rowdy'

だり

dari — Variant of たり for listing alternating actions

さ

sa — Casual sentence-ending particle; 'you know,' 'I tell you'

せ

se — Causative verb stem; 'make/let someone do'

いけ

ike — Must not; prohibition stem (いけない)

この

kono — This; demonstrative determiner for nearby things

から

kara — From; particle indicating starting point or reason

遠く

tōku — Far away; distant place or adverbial distance

離れ

hanare — Separated, apart; stem of 'to be distant'

ところ

tokoro — Place, spot; also used for timing/situation

とても

totemo — Very, extremely; degree intensifier adverb

寒く

samuku — Cold; adverbial form of cold temperature adjective

雪

yuki — Snow; frozen precipitation falling from sky

たくさん

takusan — Many, a lot, plenty; large quantity adverb

降る

furu — To fall (rain or snow); precipitation descending

土地

tochi — Land, ground, territory; a piece of earth

あり

ari — Exists; conjunctive form of ある (to exist)

そこ

soko — There; that place, not too far away

丘

oka — Hill; a small raised area of land

高く

takaku — Highly, tall; adverbial form of height adjective

旅人

tabibito — Traveler, wayfarer; person journeying to places

よく

yoku — Often, well, frequently; adverb of frequency/quality

迷子

maigo — Lost child or person; one who has wandered astray

大きな

ōkina — Large, big; prenominal adjective for size

飼っ

katte — Kept (pet); conjunctive form of 'to keep an animal'

いる

iru — To exist, be present (animate beings)

人

hito — Person, people; a human being

これら

korera — These; plural demonstrative pronoun for nearby things

中

naka — Inside, among, middle; within a group or space

なっ

nat(te) — Became; conjunctive form of 'to become'

探す

sagasu — To search for, look for something or someone

訓練

kunren — Training, drill, practice; systematic skill development

れ

re — Passive/potential auxiliary verb suffix

非常

hijō — Extremely, very; unusually high degree adverb

優れ

sugure — Excellent, superior; stem of 'to be outstanding'

嗅覚

kyūkaku — Sense of smell; olfactory faculty

持っ

mot(te) — Holding, having; conjunctive form of 'to hold'

おり

ori — Is/am/are; humble or literary form of いる

それ

sore — That; demonstrative pronoun for nearby object

だけ

dake — Only, just, that much; limiting particle

見つける

mitsukeru — To find, discover, or locate something/someone