McGuffey's Second Eclectic Reader — Page 56

Vocabulary

彼ら

karera — They; refers to a group of people.

は

wa — Topic marker particle in Japanese grammar.

働く

hataraku — To work; to labor or be employed.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, time, or purpose.

幼

osana — Young; referring to being very young or childlike.

すぎ

sugi — Too much; exceeding a reasonable or appropriate degree.

た

ta — Past tense verb ending in Japanese grammar.

庭

niwa — Garden; an outdoor yard or landscaped area.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns.

草取り

kusatori — Weeding; the act of pulling out unwanted plants.

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating the direct object.

し

shi — Conjunctive form of する; used to list actions.

たり

tari — Grammar pattern listing representative actions or states.

泉

izumi — Spring; a natural source of flowing water.

から

kara — From; indicates starting point of place or reason.

水

mizu — Water; the clear liquid essential for life.

運ん

hakonde — Carrying; transporting something from one place to another.

だり

dari — Variant of たり; lists alternating or representative actions.

する

suru — To do; a general-purpose verb for performing actions.

こと

koto — Thing; nominalizer turning verbs into noun phrases.

除い

nozoite — Excluding; except for a particular thing or person.

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential or causal clauses.

冬

fuyu — Winter; the coldest season of the year.

薪

maki — Firewood; wood cut and used as fuel.

や

ya — And; listing particle connecting nouns non-exhaustively.

石炭

sekitan — Coal; a black fossil fuel used for heating.

あまり

amari — Not very; used with negatives to mean hardly.

買え

kae — Potential form of 買う; able to buy something.

ない

nai — Negative auxiliary; indicates something does not occur.

ほど

hodo — To the extent that; indicating degree or comparison.

貧し

mazushi — Poor; lacking money or material possessions.

で

de — Particle indicating location of action or means used.

火

hi — Fire; flames produced by burning material.

が

ga — Subject marker particle emphasizing the grammatical subject.

ほとんど

hotondo — Almost; nearly all or hardly any amount.

なく

naku — Without; connective negative form of ない.

暖

dan / nukumori — Warmth; heat that provides comfort in cold.

取る

toru — To take; to get or obtain something.

ため

tame — For the purpose of; in order to do.

寄り添っ

yorisotte — Snuggling close; huddling together for warmth or comfort.

座っ

suwatte — Sitting; being in a seated position.

い

i — Connective form of いる; being or existing.

老人

roujin — Old person; an elderly man or woman.

片方

katahō — One side; one of a pair or two things.

膝

hiza — Knee; the joint in the middle of the leg.

座り

suwari — Sitting; the act of being seated somewhere.

もう

mou — Already; another; or indicating a further addition.

祖父

sofu — Grandfather; one's paternal or maternal grandfather.

ときどき

tokidoki — Sometimes; occasionally, not on a regular basis.

彼女

kanojo — She; her; also used to mean girlfriend.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix indicating a group of people.

おかしな

okashina — Strange; funny or peculiar in an amusing way.

話

hanashi — Story; a tale or conversation shared with others.

くれ

kure — To give (to me); showing someone's act of giving.

また

mata — Also; again; furthermore, adding to previous statement.

賛美歌

sanbika — Hymn; a religious song of praise or worship.

教え

oshie — Teaching; instruction or something taught to another.

くれる

kureru — To give (to me/us); a favor done for one.

も

mo — Also; too; inclusive particle adding items together.

あり

ari — There is; existence or occurrence of something.

彼

kare — He; him; refers to a male person.

よく

yoku — Often; well; frequently or in a good manner.

海

umi — Sea; the ocean or a large body of water.

出

de — Going out; leaving or departing from a place.

父親

chichioya — Father; one's male parent or paternal figure.

墓

haka — Grave; a burial site or tombstone for the deceased.

眠る

nemuru — To sleep; to rest or lie at rest.

優しい

yasashii — Kind; gentle; tender in personality or manner.

母親

hahaoya — Mother; one's female parent or maternal figure.

話し

hanashi — Speaking; telling a story or talking about something.

毎晩

maiban — Every night; each evening without exception.

神

kami — God; a deity or divine spiritual being.

祝福

shukufuku — Blessing; a divine or heartfelt wish of well-being.

ください

kudasai — Please give; a polite request for something.

ます

masu — Polite verb ending indicating a formal or respectful tone.

よう

yō — In order to; expressing purpose, wish, or resemblance.

そし

soshite — And then; conjunctive word connecting sequential statements.

無事

buji — Safely; without incident or harm occurring.

連れ戻し

tsuremodo shi — Bringing back; returning someone safely to a place.

祈り

inori — Prayer; a sincere wish or supplication to God.

年々

nennen — Year by year; gradually over the passing years.

弱っ

yowatte — Growing weak; becoming feeble or losing strength.

いき

iki — Going; progressive form indicating ongoing change or movement.

幼い

osanai — Young; very small and childlike in age.

少女

shōjo — Girl; a young female child or adolescent.

自分

jibun — Oneself; referring to one's own self reflexively.

とても

totemo — Very; extremely; to a great or high degree.

良く

yoku — Well; in a good or satisfactory manner.

喜ん

yorokonde — Gladly; with joy or willingness to do something.

働き

hataraki — Working; the act or capacity of doing labor.

ある

aru — There is; to exist; referring to inanimate things.

寒く

samuku — Cold; in a cold manner or state.

風

kaze — Wind; moving air or a breeze outdoors.

強い

tsuyoi — Strong; powerful in force, ability, or intensity.

夜

yoru — Night; the dark hours after sunset.

ドア

doa — Door; an entryway or movable barrier in a wall.

ノック

nokku — Knock; tapping on a door to announce one's presence.

音

oto — Sound; a noise or audible signal perceived by ears.

聞き

kiki — Hearing; listening to a sound or someone speaking.

走っ

hashitte — Running; moving quickly on foot toward something.

いっ

itte — Going; connective form of 行く meaning to go.

開け

ake — Opening; the act of opening a door or lid.

ああ

aa — Ah; oh; an exclamation expressing surprise or emotion.

なんと

nanto — How; what; exclamatory expression of surprise or admiration.

嬉しい

ureshii — Happy; joyful; feeling delight or great pleasure.

でしょう

deshō — Probably; right?; expressing conjecture or seeking agreement.

そこ

soko — There; that place nearby or previously mentioned.

立っ

tatte — Standing; being in an upright position somewhere.

長い

nagai — Long; extended in length or duration over time.

間

aida / ma — Period; interval of time or space between things.

お金

okane — Money; currency used for buying goods or services.

貯め

tame — Saving up; accumulating money over a period of time.

今度

kondo — This time; next time; referring to a current occasion.

家

ie / uchi — Home; house; one's place of residence.

戻っ

modotte — Returning; going back to a previous place or state.

留まる

todomaru — To stay; to remain in a place without leaving.

帰っ

kaette — Coming home; returning to one's home or origin.

き

ki — Coming; connective form of 来る meaning to come.

この

kono — This; referring to something close to the speaker.

後

ato / nochi — After; afterward; following a particular event or time.

必要

hitsuyō — Necessary; needed; something that is required or essential.

なり

nari — Becoming; connective form of なる indicating change of state.

息子

musuko — Son; a male child in relation to parents.

孫

mago — Grandchild; a child of one's son or daughter.

世話

sewa — Care; looking after someone who needs assistance.

一緒

issho — Together; in the same place or doing the same thing.

多く

ooku — Many; a large number or great quantity of things.

幸せ

shiawase — Happiness; a state of joy and contentment.

日々

hibi — Days; day by day; referring to everyday life.

過ごし

sugoshi — Spending time; passing days in a certain manner.

第

dai — Ordinal prefix; used to indicate numbered order or rank.

課

ka — Lesson; a unit or chapter in a textbook.

くわ

kuwa — Hoe; a farming tool used to till the soil.

おかしな

okashina — Funny; strange; peculiar or amusingly odd in nature.

祈っ

inotte — Praying; engaging in prayer or making a wish.

小屋

koya — Hut; a small simple shelter or cabin structure.

欲張り

yokubari — Greedy; excessively wanting more than one needs.