McGuffey's Second Eclectic Reader — Page 71

Vocabulary

これ

kore — This; refers to something near the speaker.

は

wa — Topic marker particle indicating the sentence topic.

あなた

anata — You; second-person singular pronoun.

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle linking nouns.

もの

mono — Thing; object; possession.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or indirect object.

し

shi — Conjunctive form of suru; to do.

て

te — Te-form conjunctive particle connecting verb phrases.

いい

ii — Good; fine; acceptable.

です

desu — Polite copula meaning 'is' or 'are'.

よ

yo — Sentence-final particle asserting or informing the listener.

と

to — Quotation particle; also means 'and' or 'with'.

彼女

kanojo — She; her; also can mean girlfriend.

言い

ii — Stem of iu (言う); to say, speak.

まし

mashi — Polite past auxiliary stem used before た.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary; indicates completed action.

土

tsuchi — Soil; earth; dirt; ground.

で

de — Particle indicating location of action or means.

も

mo — Also; even; too; inclusive particle.

花

hana — Flower; blossom.

好き

suki — Liked; favorite; fond of something or someone.

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns.

を

wo — Direct object marker particle in Japanese sentences.

入れ

ire — Stem of ireru (入れる); to put in, insert.

ね

ne — Sentence-final particle seeking agreement or confirmation.

まあ

maa — Well; oh well; expression of mild surprise or acceptance.

ありがとう

arigatou — Thank you; expression of gratitude.

ございます

gozaimasu — Polite formal form of 'to be' or 'to exist'.

庭

niwa — Garden; yard; outdoor space near a house.

踊る

odoru — To dance; to move rhythmically.

よう

you — Like; as if; appearing to; manner or way.

駆け抜け

kakenuke — Stem of kakenukeru; to run through or dash past.

門

mon — Gate; gateway; entrance to a property or building.

くぐり抜け

kugurinuke — Stem of kugurinukeru; to pass through a narrow space.

タンポポ

tanpopo — Dandelion; a common yellow wildflower.

が

ga — Subject marker particle identifying the grammatical subject.

星

hoshi — Star; a celestial body; also star-shaped object.

咲き乱れる

sakimidareru — To bloom in profusion; flowers blooming wildly everywhere.

野原

nohara — Open field; meadow; grassy plain.

へ

e — Directional particle meaning 'toward' or 'to'.

出

de — Stem of deru (出る); to go out, emerge.

小川

ogawa — Brook; small stream; little river.

そば

soba — Beside; near; close to something or someone.

くぼ地

kubochi — Hollow; depression in the ground; low-lying area.

下り

kudari — Descending; going downhill; downward slope or path.

それ

sore — That; refers to something near the listener.

から

kara — From; after; because; starting point particle.

木陰

kokage — Shade of a tree; shadow beneath tree branches.

茂み

shigemi — Thicket; dense cluster of bushes or plants.

姿

sugata — Figure; form; appearance; one's visible shape or silhouette.

見え

mie — Stem of mieru (見える); to be visible, appear.

なく

naku — Negative adverbial form; not; without (from nai).

なる

naru — To become; to turn into; to come to be.

まで

made — Until; up to; as far as a point.

丘

oka — Hill; small elevated landform; gentle slope.

斜面

shamen — Slope; incline; slanted side of a hill.

登り

nobori — Climbing; ascending; going up a slope or stairs.

その

sono — That (noun modifier); referring to a previously mentioned thing.

午後

gogo — Afternoon; the period after noon.

なんと

nanto — How (exclamatory); what a; expressing surprise or admiration.

一生懸命

isshoukenmei — With all one's effort; working as hard as possible.

働い

hatarakai — Te/past stem of hataraku (働く); to work, labor.

こと

koto — Thing; fact; matter; nominalizer for verb phrases.

でしょう

deshou — Probably; I suppose; expresses conjecture or exclamation.

黒く

kuroku — Adverbial form of kuroi; blackly, in a black manner.

肥え

koe — Stem of koeru (肥える); to be rich/fertile, gain weight.

積み上げ

Stem of tsumiageru; to pile up, stack, accumulate.

手

te — Hand; arm; means; skill.

なら

nara — If; in the case of; conditional particle.

スミレ

sumire — Violet; a small purple wildflower.

や

ya — And; listing particle connecting nouns non-exhaustively.

春

haru — Spring; the season between winter and summer.

ほか

hoka — Other; another; besides; in addition to.

花々

hanabana — Flowers (plural); various kinds of blossoms.

掘り起こし

horiokoshi — Stem of horiokisu; to dig up, unearth plants or soil.

ずっと

zutto — All along; the whole time; continuously; far more.

歌い

utai — Stem of utau (歌う); to sing a song.

ながら

nagara — While doing; simultaneously performing two actions.

行っ

itte — Te-form of iku (行く); going; to go.

たり

tari — Particle listing actions done alternately or among others.

来

ki — Stem of kuru (来る); to come.

リス

risu — Squirrel; small bushy-tailed tree-dwelling rodent.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or animals; they/them.

巣穴

suiana — Burrow; animal den; nesting hole in ground.

のぞき見

nozokimi — Peeping; peeking; looking stealthily at something or someone.

鳥

tori — Bird; a feathered flying animal.

頭上

zujou — Overhead; above one's head; in the air above.

枝

eda — Branch; twig; limb of a tree or bush.

ドスン

dosun — Thud; heavy falling sound; onomatopoeia for a bump.

突然

totsuzen — Suddenly; all of a sudden; unexpectedly; abruptly.

何か

nanika — Something; some kind of thing; anything unspecified.

花壇

kadan — Flower bed; a planted garden plot for flowers.

真ん中

mannaka — Middle; center; the very middle of something.

飛び込ん

tobikon — Stem of tobikomu; to jump into, dive in.

き

ki — Stem of kuru (来る); came; perfective auxiliary (old form).

飛び上がっ

tobiagate — Past stem of tobiagaru; to jump up, leap into air.

かご

kago — Basket; wicker container for carrying things.

ひっくり返し

hikkurikaeshi — Stem of hikkurikaesu; to overturn, knock over, tip over.

転がり落ち

korogariochi — Stem of kogariaochiru; to roll down, tumble downward.

いき

iki — Stem of iku (行く) or breath; going; breath.

大きな

ookina — Big; large; great (prenominal adjective form).

茶色

chairo — Brown; the color brown.

ヒキガエル

hikigaeru — Toad; a large warty frog-like amphibian.

悪気

waruki — Ill will; malicious intent; bad motive or purpose.

ない

nai — Not; there is not; negative existential adjective.

でも

demo — But; however; even so; concessive conjunction.

たそう

tasou — Seems to have done; past hearsay or appearance auxiliary.

きらきら

kirakira — Sparkling; glittering; twinkling; shining brightly.

目

me — Eye; eyes; eyesight; gaze.

パチパチ

pachipachi — Blinking rapidly; crackling; fluttering onomatopoeia.

さ

sa — Casual sentence-final particle; or nominalizer suffix.

せ

se — Causative stem; to make or let someone do something.

いる

iru — To be; to exist (for animate beings); ongoing action.

見

mi — Stem of miru (見る); to see, look, watch.

大笑い

owarai — Loud laughter; bursting out laughing heartily.

ちょうど

choudo — Just; exactly; precisely at that moment or amount.

とき

toki — Time; moment; when; the time that something happens.

ベル

beru — Bell; a ringing signaling device or doorbell.

音

oto — Sound; noise; a sound that can be heard.

聞き

kiki — Stem of kiku (聞く); to hear, listen, ask.

自分

jibun — Oneself; one's own; used reflexively for self-reference.

家

ie / uchi — House; home; one's dwelling or household.

呼ぶ

yobu — To call; to summon; to invite someone.

だ

da — Plain form copula; is; informal equivalent of desu.

わかり

wakari — Stem of wakaru (わかる); to understand, know, realize.

置い

oite — Te-form of oku (置く); to place, leave, put down.

いく

iku — To go; also auxiliary indicating action done in advance.

など

nado — Etc.; and so on; things like; etcetera particle.

でき

deki — Stem of dekiru (できる); to be able to, be possible.

る

ru — Dictionary-form verb ending; present/future tense marker.

か

ka — Question particle placed at the end of sentences.

まず

mazu — First of all; to begin with; first step.

探さ

sagasa — Negative stem of sagasu (探す); to search for, look for.

なけれ

nakere — Conditional negative stem; must (part of nakereba naranai).

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'when'.

なり

nari — Stem of naru; must become (in obligation patterns).

ませ

mase — Polite imperative/negative auxiliary stem in formal speech.

ん

n — Negative ending (informal); contraction of nai or no.

待っ

matte — Te-form of matsu (待つ); to wait for someone or something.

てる

Contraction of te iru; indicates ongoing or resultant state.

中

naka — Inside; middle; among; within a space or group.

そう

sou — So; like that; it seems; expressing agreement or appearance.

もしかし

moshikashi — Maybe; perhaps; possibly (beginning of moshikashitara).

たら

tara — Conditional if/when; used after past-tense stem.

やさしい

yasashii — Kind; gentle; tender; easy (depending on kanji used).

お母さん

okaasan — Mother; mom; polite word for one's own or another's mother.

おばさん

obasaan — Aunt; middle-aged woman; respectful term for older woman.

待た

mata — Negative/conditional stem of matsu; waited; to wait.

かも

kamo — Might; maybe; expresses possibility (short for kamoshirenai).

しれ

shire — Stem of shireru; used in kamoshirenai (might/perhaps).

ふたり

futari — Two people; a pair of individuals.

とても

totemo — Very; extremely; quite; intensifying adverb.

良く

yoku — Well; good; often; adverbial form of yoi/ii.

くれ

kure — Stem of kureru; to give (to me/my side); please do.

い

i — Stem of iru or adjective ending; being; existing.

もらっ

moratte — Te-form of morau; to receive; to have someone do for you.

ほう

hou — Direction; side; way; option (as in 'it is better to...').

わ

wa — Feminine sentence-final particle expressing mild assertion.