Meditations — Page 3

Vocabulary

che

Conjunction or pronoun meaning 'that,' 'which,' or 'who.'

aveva

Past tense of 'avere'; he/she/it had.

adottato

Past participle of 'adottare'; adopted someone legally.

come

Preposition or conjunction meaning 'as' or 'like.'

figlio

Noun meaning 'son' or 'child.'

minore

Adjective meaning 'younger' or 'lesser' or 'minor.'

contemporaneamente

Adverb meaning 'simultaneously' or 'at the same time.'

a

Preposition meaning 'to,' 'at,' or 'in.'

dandogli

Gerund plus pronoun; meaning 'giving to him.'

il

Masculine singular definite article meaning 'the.'

nome

Noun meaning 'name.'

di

Preposition meaning 'of' or 'from.'

D'

Contracted form of preposition 'di' before a vowel.

ora

Noun or adverb meaning 'now' or 'hour.'

in

Preposition meaning 'in,' 'into,' or 'at.'

poi

Adverb meaning 'then,' 'afterwards,' or 'later.'

i

Masculine plural definite article meaning 'the.'

due

Number meaning 'two.'

sono

Present tense of 'essere'; they are or I am.

colleghi

Noun meaning 'colleagues' or 'co-rulers.'

nell'

Contracted preposition and article meaning 'in the.'

impero

Noun meaning 'empire.'

più

Adverb meaning 'more' or 'most.'

giovane

Adjective meaning 'young.'

essendo

Gerund of 'essere'; meaning 'being.'

addestrato

Past participle meaning 'trained' or 'drilled.'

per

Preposition meaning 'for,' 'by,' or 'through.'

così

Adverb meaning 'so,' 'thus,' or 'in this way.'

dire

Infinitive verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak.'

succedere

Infinitive meaning 'to succeed' or 'to follow someone.'

Non

Negation adverb meaning 'not.'

appena

Adverb meaning 'as soon as' or 'just.'

fu

Past tense of 'essere'; he/she/it was.

insediato

Past participle meaning 'installed' or 'seated in office.'

sul

Contracted preposition and article meaning 'on the.'

trono

Noun meaning 'throne.'

scoppiarono

Past tense of 'scoppiare'; they broke out or erupted.

guerre

Plural noun meaning 'wars.'

da

Preposition meaning 'from,' 'by,' or 'since.'

ogni

Adjective meaning 'every' or 'each.'

parte

Noun meaning 'part,' 'side,' or 'direction.'

In

Preposition meaning 'in' or 'into.'

oriente

Noun meaning 'east' or 'the Orient.'

avviò

Past tense of 'avviare'; he/she started or launched.

una

Feminine indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'one.'

rivolta

Noun meaning 'revolt' or 'rebellion.'

lungo

Adjective or preposition meaning 'long' or 'along.'

meditata

Past participle of 'meditare'; carefully planned or pondered.

distruggendo

Gerund of 'distruggere'; meaning 'destroying.'

un'

Feminine indefinite article before vowel meaning 'a.'

intera

Adjective meaning 'entire' or 'whole.'

legione

Noun meaning 'legion,' a Roman military unit.

romana

Adjective meaning 'Roman,' referring to Rome.

e

Conjunction meaning 'and.'

invadendo

Gerund of 'invadere'; meaning 'invading.'

la

Feminine singular definite article meaning 'the.'

inviato

Past participle of 'inviare'; sent on a mission.

gran

Shortened form of 'grande'; meaning 'great' or 'much.'

fretta

Noun meaning 'haste' or 'hurry.'

sedare

Infinitive meaning 'to quell,' 'to calm,' or 'to suppress.'

questa

Demonstrative pronoun or adjective meaning 'this.'

ed

Variant of 'e' (and) used before vowels.

egli

Subject pronoun meaning 'he.'

assolse

Past tense of 'assolvere'; he completed or fulfilled.

suo

Possessive adjective meaning 'his,' 'her,' or 'its.'

incarico

Noun meaning 'task,' 'duty,' or 'assignment.'

immergendosi

Reflexive gerund meaning 'immersing himself' in something.

ubriachezza

Noun meaning 'drunkenness' or 'intoxication.'

nella

Contracted preposition and article meaning 'in the.'

dissolutezza

Noun meaning 'debauchery,' 'dissolution,' or 'licentiousness.'

mentre

Conjunction meaning 'while' or 'whereas.'

guerra

Noun meaning 'war.'

lasciata

Past participle of 'lasciare'; left or abandoned to others.

ai

Contracted preposition and article meaning 'to the' (plural).

suoi

Plural possessive adjective meaning 'his,' 'her,' 'its.'

ufficiali

Plural noun meaning 'officers' or 'officials.'

Poco

Adjective or adverb meaning 'little,' 'few,' or 'shortly.'

dopo

Preposition or adverb meaning 'after' or 'afterwards.'

dovette

Past tense of 'dovere'; he/she had to or must have.

affrontare

Infinitive meaning 'to face' or 'to confront a challenge.'

un

Masculine indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'one.'

pericolo

Noun meaning 'danger' or 'peril.'

grave

Adjective meaning 'serious,' 'grave,' or 'severe.'

patria

Noun meaning 'homeland' or 'fatherland.'

coalizione

Noun meaning 'coalition' or 'alliance of groups.

diverse

Adjective meaning 'various,' 'different,' or 'several.'

potenti

Adjective meaning 'powerful' or 'mighty.'

tribù

Noun meaning 'tribes' or 'tribal peoples.'

sulla

Contracted preposition and article meaning 'on the.'

frontiera

Noun meaning 'frontier' or 'border.'

settentrionale

Adjective meaning 'northern.'

I

Masculine plural definite article meaning 'the.'

principali

Adjective meaning 'main,' 'principal,' or 'chief.'

tra

Preposition meaning 'among,' 'between,' or 'within.'

questi

Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'these' or 'these ones.'

erano

Past tense of 'essere'; they were.

o

Conjunction meaning 'or.'

menzionati

Past participle of 'menzionare'; mentioned or cited.

questo

Demonstrative adjective or pronoun meaning 'this.'

libro

Noun meaning 'book.'

gli

Masculine plural definite article or indirect pronoun 'him.'

A

Preposition meaning 'at,' 'to,' or 'in.'

stessa

Adjective meaning 'same' or 'itself.'

vi

Adverbial pronoun meaning 'there' or reflexive 'oneself.'

pestilenza

Noun meaning 'plague' or 'pestilence.'

carestia

Noun meaning 'famine' or 'scarcity of food.'

l'

Contracted article or pronoun meaning 'the' or 'it.'

portata

Past participle of 'portare'; brought or carried somewhere.

dall'

Contracted preposition meaning 'from the' before vowel.

dalle

Contracted preposition meaning 'from the' (feminine plural).

legioni

Plural noun meaning 'legions,' Roman military divisions.

altra

Adjective meaning 'other' or 'another' (feminine).

causata

Past participle of 'causare'; caused or brought about.

inondazioni

Plural noun meaning 'floods' or 'inundations.'

avevano

Past tense of 'avere'; they had.

distrutto

Past participle of 'distruggere'; destroyed or ruined.

ingenti

Adjective meaning 'enormous,' 'vast,' or 'considerable.'

quantità

Noun meaning 'quantity' or 'amount.'

grano

Noun meaning 'grain' or 'wheat.'

Dopo

Preposition or adverb meaning 'after' or 'afterwards.'

fatto

Past participle of 'fare'; done or made.

tutto

Adjective or pronoun meaning 'all,' 'everything,' or 'whole.'

possibile

Adjective meaning 'possible.'

alleviare

Infinitive meaning 'to alleviate,' 'to relieve,' or 'to ease.'

soddisfare

Infinitive meaning 'to satisfy' or 'to meet a need.'

bisogni

Plural noun meaning 'needs,' 'necessities,' or 'requirements.'

urgenti

Adjective meaning 'urgent' or 'pressing.'

costretto

Past participle of 'costringere'; forced or compelled to act.

persino

Adverb meaning 'even' or 'to the point of.'

vendere

Infinitive meaning 'to sell.'

gioielli

Plural noun meaning 'jewels' or 'jewelry.'

imperiali

Adjective meaning 'imperial,' relating to the emperor.

trovare

Infinitive meaning 'to find' or 'to obtain.'

denaro

Noun meaning 'money.'

entrambi

Pronoun or adjective meaning 'both.'

imperatori

Plural noun meaning 'emperors.'

partirono

Past tense of 'partire'; they left or departed.

lotta

Noun meaning 'struggle,' 'fight,' or 'battle.'

doveva

Past tense of 'dovere'; he/she/it had to or was supposed to.

continuare

Infinitive meaning 'to continue' or 'to go on.'

meno

Adverb meaning 'less' or 'fewer.'

resto

Noun meaning 'rest,' 'remainder,' or 'the rest.'

del

Contracted preposition and article meaning 'of the.'

regno

Noun meaning 'reign' or 'kingdom.'

Durante

Preposition meaning 'during.'

queste

Demonstrative adjective meaning 'these' (feminine plural).

nel

Contracted preposition and article meaning 'in the.'

morì

Past tense of 'morire'; he/she died.