Meditations — Page 9

Vocabulary

từ

từ — From; a word or particle indicating origin

thời

thời — Time, era, or period

xa

xa — Far, distant in space or time

xưa

xưa — Ancient, old, long ago

đã

đã — Past tense marker indicating completed action

là

là — To be; linking verb for identity or description

nơi

nơi — Place, location, where something occurs

gặp

gặp — To meet, encounter someone or something

gỡ

gỡ — To untangle, remove, or disengage something

của

của — Of, belonging to; possessive particle

Đông

Đông — East; the eastern direction or region

và

và — And; conjunction connecting words or phrases

Tây

Tây — West; the western direction or region

mặc

mặc — Although, despite; to wear (clothing)

dù

dù — Even though, although; concessive conjunction

chúng

chúng — We, they; plural pronoun for a group

ta

ta — We, us; first-person plural pronoun

không

không — Not, no; negation particle in Vietnamese

thể

thể — Can, able to; possibility or capability marker

gán

gán — To assign, attribute, or attach to something

bất

bất — Any, not; prefix indicating negation or universality

kỳ

kỳ — Any, strange; used in 'bất kỳ' meaning 'any'

tầm

tầm — Scope, range, level of importance or reach

quan

quan — Important, official; used in compound words

trọng

trọng — Important, significant, weighty in value

nào

nào — Any, which; interrogative or indefinite pronoun

cho

cho — For, to give; preposition or verb of giving

một

một — One; the number one or indefinite article

dòng

dòng — Line, stream, lineage, or flow of something

máu

máu — Blood; bodily fluid or lineage reference

có

có — To have, exist; affirmative existence marker

trong

trong — In, inside, within; preposition of location

ông

ông — He, him, grandfather; respectful male pronoun

vì

vì — Because, for the reason that; causal conjunction

người

người — Person, people; human being or individual

phải

phải — Must, have to; obligation or correctness marker

các

các — The (plural); determiner for multiple nouns

triết

triết — Philosophy; relating to philosophical thought

gia

gia — Expert, specialist; suffix denoting a practitioner

nhưng

nhưng — But, however; adversative conjunction

rất

rất — Very, extremely; intensifier adverb

khả

khả — Possible, capable; prefix in compound words

năng

năng — Ability, capability, energy or capacity

thông

thông — Through, fluent; to communicate or connect

qua

qua — Through, via, past; preposition of passage

Tiểu

Tiểu — Minor, small, lesser; prefix meaning small

Á

Á — Asia; used in 'Tiểu Á' meaning Asia Minor

tiếp

tiếp — To receive, continue, or make contact with

xúc

xúc — Contact, touch; used in 'tiếp xúc' meaning contact

với

với — With, to; preposition indicating accompaniment

Viễn

Viễn — Far, distant; used in 'Viễn Đông' meaning Far East

Ông

Ông — He, him; respectful pronoun for older male

học

học — To study, learn; acquiring knowledge or skills

dưới

dưới — Under, below, beneath; preposition of position

sự

sự — Nominalizer; turns verbs into abstract nouns

dạy

dạy — To teach, instruct; imparting knowledge to others

dỗ

dỗ — To coax, guide; used in 'dạy dỗ' meaning teaching

nhà

nhà — House, home; also prefix meaning expert or master

nho

nho — Confucian scholar; small grape; used in philosophy

bỏ

bỏ — To abandon, leave, discard something behind

hệ

hệ — System, lineage; used in compound philosophical terms

thống

thống — System, unified whole; used in 'hệ thống' meaning system

khác

khác — Other, different, another; adjective of difference

Sau

Sau — After, later, behind; temporal or spatial preposition

nhiều

nhiều — Many, much, a lot; quantifier for large amounts

năm

năm — Year; five; unit of time measurement

nghiên

nghiên — To research, study; used in 'nghiên cứu' meaning research

cứu

cứu — To research or save; used in 'nghiên cứu'

mở

mở — To open, start, establish something new

trường

trường — School, institution for learning and education

riêng

riêng — Own, private, separate; belonging to oneself

mình

mình — Self, oneself; reflexive pronoun in Vietnamese

hành

hành — To act, walk, corridor; used in many compounds

lang

lang — Corridor, porch; used in 'hành lang' meaning corridor

mái

mái — Roof, eave; upper covering of a structure

che

che — To cover, shelter, shield from elements

ở

ở — At, in, to be located; preposition of place

được

được — To be able, to receive; passive or ability marker

gọi

gọi — To call, name, refer to something

Mái

Mái — Roof, eave; part of 'Mái Hiên Có Tranh'

Hiên

Hiên — Porch, veranda; sheltered outdoor area

Có

Có — To have, there is; existence or possession verb

Tranh

Tranh — Painting, picture; decorated with painted images

hay

hay — Or, interesting; conjunction or adjective

tên

tên — Name, title; identifier of a person or thing

này

này — This, these; demonstrative pronoun nearby

đặt

đặt — To place, set, name; to establish something

ra

ra — Out, to produce; directional or resultative particle

danh

danh — Name, fame, title; reputation or designation

hiệu

hiệu — Title, label, brand; used in 'danh hiệu' meaning title

những

những — Those, the (plural); plural marker for nouns

theo

To follow, according to; pursuit or adherence

chủ

chủ — Owner, main, chief; primary element in compounds

nghĩa

nghĩa — Meaning, ideology; used in 'chủ nghĩa' meaning ideology

Khắc

Khắc — To carve, strict; used in 'Khắc kỷ' meaning Stoic

kỷ

kỷ — Oneself, era; used in 'Khắc kỷ' meaning Stoicism

Trường

Trường — School, institution; also long in some contexts

phái

phái — School, faction, sect; philosophical or political group

mang

mang — To carry, bear, bring; transporting something

ơn

ơn — Gratitude, debt of kindness owed to someone

nhất

nhất — Most, first, number one; superlative marker

đối

đối — Toward, opposite, regarding; directional preposition

trước

trước — Before, in front of; temporal or spatial preposition

Công

Công — Common era; used in 'trước Công nguyên' meaning BCE

nguyên

nguyên — Origin, original; used in 'Công nguyên' meaning CE

tổ

tổ — Ancestor, founder, original; root of something

chức

chức — To organize, position, role; used in 'tổ chức'

thành

thành — To become, city, wall; result or transformation

Về

Về — About, regarding, to return; concerning a topic

nói

nói — To speak, say, talk; verbal communication

Nếu

Nếu — If; conditional conjunction for hypothetical statements

thì

thì — Then; result marker in conditional sentences

Những

Những — Those, the (plural); plural determiner

coi

coi — To regard, consider, view something as

suy

suy — To think, deduce, reason; intellectual reflection

tư

tư — Thought, private; used in 'suy tư' meaning reflection

phương

phương — Direction, method, means; way of doing something

tiện

tiện — Convenient, means; used in 'phương tiện' meaning means

để

để — In order to, to place; purpose preposition

đạt

đạt — To achieve, attain, reach a goal

đến

đến — To arrive at, reach; directional preposition

mục

mục — Goal, section; used in 'mục đích' meaning purpose

đích

đích — Goal, target; used in 'mục đích' meaning purpose

đó

đó — That, there; demonstrative pronoun for distance

cách

cách — Way, method, manner; distance or approach

diễn

diễn — To express, perform, present; articulation of ideas

sống

sống — To live, alive; life or living condition

quán

quán — Inn, consistent habit; used in philosophical context

như

như — Like, as, such as; comparison conjunction

giải

giải — To explain, solve, release; clarification of meaning

thích

thích — To like, explain; used in 'giải thích' meaning explain

về

về — About, regarding, return; concerning a topic

sau

sau — After, later, behind; temporal reference

phù

phù — Suitable, fitting; used in 'phù hợp' meaning suitable

hợp

hợp — Fitting, appropriate, to combine; suitability

tự

tự — Self, naturally, by itself; reflexive prefix

nhiên

nhiên — Nature, natural; used in 'tự nhiên' meaning nature

Sự

Sự — Nominalizer prefix turning verbs into abstract nouns

tuân

tuân — To comply, follow, obey rules or principles

cuộc

cuộc — Event, life, match; classifier for ongoing activities

chính

chính — Main, correct, political; primary or official

niệm

niệm — Thought, mindfulness; used in philosophical contexts

Đức

Đức — Virtue, moral quality; Germany in Vietnamese

hạnh

hạnh — Virtue, conduct; used in 'đức hạnh' meaning virtue

Câu

Câu — Sentence, phrase; classifier for sentences

châm

châm — Motto, maxim; used in 'châm ngôn' meaning proverb

ngôn

ngôn — Words, language; used in 'châm ngôn' meaning motto

dễ

dễ — Easy, simple; not difficult to do

dàng

dàng — Easily, readily; used in 'dễ dàng' meaning easily

bị

bị — Passive marker; to suffer or be subject to

hiểu

hiểu — To understand, comprehend; grasping meaning

đức

đức — Virtue, moral excellence; ethical quality

bao

bao — To include, wrap, how many; encompassing something

gồm

gồm — To include, consist of; comprising elements

việc

việc — Task, matter, thing to do; work or affair

nhượng

nhượng — To yield, concede; giving in to something

bộ

bộ — To yield, set, ministry; used in 'nhượng bộ'

mỗi

mỗi — Each, every; referring to individual items

xung

xung — Impulse, surge; used in 'xung động' meaning impulse

động

động — Movement, impulse; used in 'xung động' meaning impulse

điều

điều — Thing, matter, condition; abstract noun classifier

so

so — To compare, whereas; comparison conjunction

ý

ý — Idea, intention, meaning; thought or purpose