Meditations — Page 11

Vocabulary

Trong

Trong — In, within, inside a place or context

Lôgíc

Lô-gíc — Logic, the study of reasoning and argumentation

học

học — To study, learn; also used as academic suffix

hệ

hệ — System, lineage, or connected series

thống

thống — To unify, govern; used in compound 'hệ thống' meaning system

Khắc

Khắc — Stoic (as in Stoic philosophy); also means to engrave

kỷ

kỷ — Discipline, self-restraint; part of 'Khắc kỷ' meaning Stoic

đáng

đáng — Worthy, deserving of attention or consideration

chú

chú — To pay attention to, note carefully

ý

ý — Idea, intention; 'chú ý' means to pay attention

với

với — With, together with; a preposition of accompaniment

lý

lý — Reason, logic, principle; used in many compounds

thuyết

thuyết — Theory, doctrine; 'lý thuyết' means theory

của

của — Of, belonging to; possessive particle in Vietnamese

họ

họ — They, them; third person plural pronoun

về

về — About, concerning; also means to return home

tiêu

tiêu — Standard, criterion; also means to spend or pepper

chuẩn

chuẩn — Standard, norm, benchmark for evaluation

kiểm

kiểm — To check, inspect, verify something carefully

định

định — To determine, fix, establish; 'kiểm định' means to verify

chân

chân — Truth, true; also means foot or leg

tức

tức — Meaning, namely; also means angry or immediately

Họ

Họ — They, them; third person plural pronoun

so

so — To compare; used in 'so sánh' meaning to compare

sánh

sánh — To compare, liken; 'so sánh' means to compare

tâm

tâm — Mind, heart, soul; center of emotion and thought

hồn

hồn — Soul, spirit; 'tâm hồn' means the soul or inner self

mới

mới — New, recently; just born or newly formed

sinh

sinh — To be born, to live; 'mới sinh' means newborn

một

một — One; the number one or indefinite article

tờ

tờ — Sheet, classifier for flat objects like paper

giấy

giấy — Paper; material for writing

trắng

trắng — White, blank; 'tờ giấy trắng' means blank sheet of paper

sẵn

sẵn — Ready, available; 'sẵn sàng' means to be ready

sàng

sàng — Ready; used in 'sẵn sàng' meaning ready or prepared

để

để — To place, to let, in order to; purpose particle

viết

viết — To write; the act of writing on a surface

Trên

Trên — On, above, upon a surface

đó

đó — There, that; a demonstrative or locative particle

các

các — The (plural); indicates plural definite nouns

giác

giác — Sense organ; 'giác quan' means the senses

quan

quan — Official, organ; 'giác quan' means sensory organ

ghi

ghi — To record, note down, inscribe information

lại

lại — Again, back; directional particle indicating return or repetition

những

những — Those, these; plural marker for nouns

ấn

ấn — Impression, imprint; 'ấn tượng' means impression

tượng

tượng — Image, impression; 'ấn tượng' means impression or impact

chúng

chúng — They, them; plural pronoun for things or people

và

và — And; coordinating conjunction linking items

qua

qua — Through, via, by means of; preposition of passage

trải

trải — To experience, to spread; 'trải nghiệm' means experience

nghiệm

nghiệm — Experience, experiment; 'trải nghiệm' means lived experience

số

số — Number, quantity; also fate or amount

này

này — This, these; proximal demonstrative pronoun

vô

vô — Without, un-; negative prefix in many compounds

thức

thức — Consciousness, awareness; 'vô thức' means unconscious

hình

hình — To form, shape; 'hình thành' means to form or develop

thành

thành — To become, form; 'hình thành' means to take shape

khái

khái — General, overview; 'khái niệm' means concept or notion

niệm

niệm — Notion, idea; 'khái niệm' means concept

chung

chung — Common, general, shared among many

hay

hay — Or; also means interesting or often

tiền

tiền — Pre-, prior; money; 'tiền niệm' means preconception

Khi

Khi — When; temporal conjunction indicating a time condition

mạnh

mạnh — Strong, powerful, intense in degree

đến

đến — To arrive at, to the extent of, until

mức

mức — Level, degree, extent of something

không

không — Not, no; negation particle in Vietnamese

thể

thể — Can, able to; body; used in 'không thể' meaning cannot

cưỡng

cưỡng — To resist, force, coerce; 'cưỡng lại' means to resist

được

được — To be able to, to get; indicates possibility or success

nó

nó — It, he, she; third person singular pronoun

gọi

gọi — To call, name, refer to something

là

là — Is, are, to be; copulative verb in Vietnamese

nắm

nắm — To grasp, hold firmly, comprehend something

chắc

chắc — Firm, sure, certain; 'nắm chắc' means firmly grasp

theo

theo — According to, following, in accordance with

cách

cách — Way, method, manner of doing something

giải

giải — To explain, solve, interpret; 'giải thích' means to explain

thích

thích — To like; also to explain in 'giải thích'

xuất

xuất — To originate, export; 'xuất phát' means to originate from

phát

phát — To emit, start, originate; 'xuất phát' means to set out from

từ

từ — From, since; a preposition indicating origin or source

Những

Những — Those, these; plural marker for noun phrases

tưởng

tưởng — To think, imagine; 'tư tưởng' means ideology or thought

suy

suy — To reason, deduce; 'suy luận' means to reason or infer

luận

Reasoning, argument, discourse; 'suy luận' means inference

tạo

tạo — To create, make, produce something

ra

ra — Out, outward; directional particle indicating outward result

nhân

nhân — Person, human; cause; used in many compounds

diễn

diễn — To perform, present, interpret; 'diễn dịch' means deduction

dịch

dịch — To translate, deduce; 'diễn dịch' means deductive reasoning

hoặc

hoặc — Or; disjunctive conjunction offering alternatives

phương

phương — Method, direction, way; used in 'phương pháp' meaning method

pháp

pháp — Method, law; 'phương pháp' means method or approach

tương

tương — Similar, mutual, corresponding; 'tương tự' means similar

tự

tự — Self, similar; 'tương tự' means similarly or analogously

bằng

bằng — By means of, equal to, with; indicates instrument

nhận

nhận — To receive, recognize, accept something

giữ

giữ — To keep, hold, retain something in place

Về

Về — Regarding, about; also means to return home

ứng

ứng — To apply, respond; 'ứng dụng' means application or use

dụng

dụng — Use, application; 'ứng dụng' means practical application

trong

trong — In, inside, within; common preposition of location

Đạo

Đạo — Ethics, moral way, doctrine, path of conduct

đức

đức — Virtue, morality, ethics; moral quality

tôi

tôi — I, me; first person singular pronoun

đã

đã — Already, past tense marker in Vietnamese

đề

đề — To propose, mention; 'đề cập' means to mention

cập

cập — To reach, mention; 'đề cập' means to refer to

trước

trước — Before, previously, in front of

rồi

rồi — Already, then, done; indicates completion of action

Điều

Điều — Thing, matter, point; refers to an abstract item

thiện

thiện — Good, virtuous, morally good

tối

tối — Supreme, utmost, darkest; 'tối cao' means highest or supreme

cao

cao — High, tall, supreme; 'tối cao' means supreme or highest

cuộc

cuộc — A classifier for events, life, matches, or contests

sống

sống — To live; life; 'cuộc sống' means life or living

hạnh

hạnh — Happiness, virtue; 'hạnh phúc' means happiness

Đức

Đức — Virtue, moral character; also Germany as a country

mình

mình — Oneself, body, self; reflexive or intimate pronoun

phúc

phúc — Happiness, blessing; 'hạnh phúc' means happiness

thói

thói — Habit, custom; 'thói xấu' means bad habit or vice

xấu

xấu — Bad, ugly, evil; 'thói xấu' means vice or bad habit

bất

bất — Un-, not; negative prefix in Sino-Vietnamese words

Đẩy

Đẩy — To push, extend, take to an extreme level

cực

cực — Extreme, pole, utmost; 'cực đoan' means extremist

đoan

đoan — Extreme end; 'cực đoan' means extreme or radical

người

người — Person, people, human being

cho

cho — To give, for, allow; versatile preposition or verb

rằng

rằng — That; complementizer introducing a reported clause

có

có — To have, there is/are; existential or possessive verb

bậc

bậc — Level, rank, step; 'bậc thang' means gradation

thang

thang — Ladder, scale; 'bậc thang' means a scale or gradation

trung

trung — Middle, intermediate; 'trung gian' means intermediate

gian

gian — Intermediate, span; 'trung gian' means middle ground

giữa

giữa — Between, among, in the middle of

mặc

mặc — Although, despite; 'mặc dù' means even though

dù

dù — Although, even though; 'mặc dù' means despite

tất

tất — All, every; 'tất nhiên' means of course, naturally

nhiên

nhiên — Natural; 'tất nhiên' means naturally or of course

mỗi

mỗi — Each, every; distributive adjective for singular items

cái

cái — Thing, item; general classifier for objects

đều

đều — All, each, equally; indicates universality among items

biểu

biểu — To express, manifest; 'biểu hiện' means to manifest

hiện

hiện — To appear, manifest, present; 'biểu hiện' means expression

đặc

đặc — Special, particular, dense; 'đặc thù' means specific

thù

thù — Particular, specific; 'đặc thù' means characteristic or unique

Hơn

Hơn — More than, beyond; comparative particle

nữa

nữa — More, further, additionally; 'hơn nữa' means moreover

gì

gì — What, anything; interrogative or indefinite pronoun

tốt

tốt — Good, fine, well; positive quality adjective

ngoài

ngoài — Outside, beyond, other than; preposition of exclusion

thứ

thứ — Thing, ordinal marker, rank; general classifier

bên

bên — Side, beside, outside; directional or locative word

thường

thường — Usually, ordinary, normal; common adjective

chẳng

chẳng — Not, not at all; negative particle stronger than không

hạn

hạn — Limit, example; 'chẳng hạn' means for example

như

như — Like, such as, as; comparative or exemplifying particle

sức

sức — Strength, health capacity; 'sức khỏe' means health

khỏe

khỏe — Healthy, strong; 'sức khỏe' means health

bệnh

bệnh — Disease, illness, sickness

tật

tật — Defect, disability; 'bệnh tật' means illness and disability

giàu

giàu — Rich, wealthy, having much money

sang

sang — Luxurious, noble; 'giàu sang' means wealthy and prestigious

nghèo

nghèo — Poor, impoverished, lacking wealth

khó

khó — Difficult, hard; 'nghèo khó' means impoverished

khoái

khoái — Pleasure, enjoyment; 'khoái lạc' means pleasure or delight

lạc

lạc — Joy, pleasure; 'khoái lạc' means sensual pleasure

đau

đau — Pain, ache, to hurt or feel pain

khổ

khổ — Suffering, misery; 'đau khổ' means pain and suffering

đối

đối — Toward, regarding; 'đối với' means with respect to

ông

ông — He, him (respectful); grandfather; Mr.

thờ

thờ — To worship; 'thờ ơ' means indifferent or apathetic

ơ

ơ — Indifferent; 'thờ ơ' means to be indifferent or aloof

Tất

Tất — All, every; 'tất cả' means all or everything

cả

cả — All, entire; 'tất cả' means all or everything

điều

điều — Thing, matter, point; refers to abstract concepts

chỉ

chỉ — Only, merely, just; restrictive adverb

đơn

đơn — Simple, single, pure; 'đơn thuần' means purely or merely

thuần

thuần — Pure, simple; 'đơn thuần' means simply or purely

lĩnh

lĩnh — Field, domain, territory; 'lĩnh vực' means field or area

vực

vực — Area, domain, abyss; 'lĩnh vực' means field of activity

hành

hành — To act, action; 'hành động' means action or conduct

động

động — To move, action; 'hành động' means action or deed

Bậc

Bậc — Level, rank; 'bậc hiền' refers to a wise or sage person

Hiền

Hiền — Wise, gentle, virtuous; refers to a sage or wise person

đủ

đủ — Sufficient, enough, having all that is needed

mọi

mọi — Every, all; universal quantifier for all things

sự

sự — Thing, matter, affair; nominalizer in Vietnamese

khi

khi — When, while; temporal conjunction

biết

biết — To know, be aware of, understand something

sẽ

sẽ — Will, shall; future tense marker in Vietnamese

ngay

ngay — Right away, immediately, straight; adverb of immediacy

bị

bị — To suffer, be subjected to; passive voice marker

tra

tra — To interrogate, examine; 'tra tấn' means to torture

tấn

tấn — Torture; 'tra tấn' means to torture or torment someone

trên

trên — On, above, upon; locative preposition

giá

giá — Price, rack, frame; 'giá' here may refer to a torture rack